1. Anderson OR. Laboratory and field-based studies of abundances, small-scale patchiness, and diversity of
Gymnamoebae in soils of varying porosity and organic content: evidence of microbiocoenoses. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2002;49:17-23. PMID:
11908894.
2. Hoffmann R, Michel R. Distribution of free-living amoebae (FLA) during preparation and supply of drinking water. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2001;203:215-219. PMID:
11279817.
3. Rodríguez-Zaragoza S. Ecology of free-living amoebae. Crit Rev Microbiol 1994;20:225-241. PMID:
7802958.
4. Jonckheere JF, Michel R. Species identification and virulence of
Acanthamoeba strains from human nasal mucosa. Parasitol Res 1988;74:314-316. PMID:
3387404.
5. Greub G, Raoult D. Microorganisms resistant to free-living amoebae. Clin Microbiol Rev 2004;17:413-433. PMID:
15084508.
6. Martinez AJ, Visvesvara GS. Free-living, amphizoic and opportunistic amebas. Brain Pathol 1997;7:583-598. PMID:
9034567.
7. Seal DV.
Acanthamoeba keratitis update-incidence, molecular epidemiology and new drugs for treatment. Eye 2003;17:893-905. PMID:
14631394.
8. Jones DB.
Acanthamoeba-the ultimate opportunist? Am J Ophthalmol 1986;102:527-530. PMID:
3766671.
9. Cheng KH, Leung SL, Hoekman HW, Beekhuis WH, Mulder PG, Geerards AJ, Kijlstra A. Incidence of contact-lens-associated microbial keratitis and its related morbidity. Lancet 1999;354:181-185. PMID:
10421298.
10. Stapleton F, Keay L, Edwards K, Naduvilath T, Dart JK, Brian G, Holden BA. The incidence of contact lens-related microbial keratitis in Australia. Ophthalmology 2008;115:1655-1662. PMID:
18538404.
11. Thebpatiphat N, Hammersmith KM, Rocha FN, Rapuano CJ, Ayres BD, Laibson PR, Eagle RCJ, Cohen EJ.
Acanthamoeba keratitis: a parasite on the rise. Cornea 2007;26:701-706. PMID:
17592320.
12. Ishibashi Y, Matsumoto Y, Watanabe R, Yasuraoka K, Ishii K, Koyama T, Endo T, Yagita K. Case of
Acanthamoeba keratitis. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi 1988;92:963-972 (in Japanese). PMID:
2847514.
13. Stothard DR, Schroeder-Diedrich JM, Awwad MH, Gast RJ, Ledee DR, Rodriguez-Zaragoza S, Dean CL, Fuerst PA, Byers TJ. The evolutionary history of the genus
Acanthamoeba and the identification of eight new 18S rRNA gene sequence types. J Eukaryot Microbiol 1998;45:45-54. PMID:
9495032.
14. Pussard M, Pons R. Morphologie de la paroi kystique et taxonomie du genre Acanthamoeba (Protozoa, Amoebida). Protistologica 1977;8:557-598.
15. Khan NA. Acanthamoeba biology and pathogenesis. Norfolk, UK. Caister Academic Press. 2009.
16. Schuster FL, Visvesvara GS. Free-living amoebae as opportunistic and non-opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals. Int J Parasitol 2004;34:1001-1027. PMID:
15313128.
17. Corsaro D, Venditti D. Phylogenetic evidence for a new genotype of
Acanthamoeba (Amoebozoa, Acanthamoebida). Parasitol Res 2010;107:233-238. PMID:
20411277.
18. Nuprasert W, Putaporntip C, Pariyakanok L, Jongwutiwes S. Identification of a novel T17 genotype of
Acanthamoeba from environmental isolates and T10 genotype causing keratitis in Thailand. J Clin Microbiol 2010;48:4636-4640. PMID:
20943863.
19. Schroeder JM, Booton GC, Hay J, Niszl IA, Seal DV, Markus MB, Fuerst PA, Byers TJ. Use of subgenic 18S ribosomal DNA PCR and sequencing for genus and genotype identification of
Acanthamoebae from humans with keratitis and from sewage sludge. J Clin Microbiol 2001;39:1903-1911. PMID:
11326011.
20. Yu HS, Hwang MY, Kim TO, Yun HC, Kim TH, Kong HH, Chung DI. Phylogenetic relationships among
Acanthamoeba spp. based on PCR-RFLP analyses of mitochondrial small subunit rRNA gene. Korean J Parasitol 1999;37:181-188. PMID:
10507226.
21. Ledee DR, Booton GC, Awwad MH, Sharma S, Aggarwal RK, Niszl IA, Markus MB, Fuerst PA, Byers TJ. Advantages of using mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences to classify clinical isolates of
Acanthamoeba. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003;44:1142-1149. PMID:
12601042.
22. Kobayashi A, Ishibashi Y, Oikawa Y, Yokogawa H, Sugiyama K. In vivo and ex vivo laser confocal microscopy findings in patients with early-stage
Acanthamoeba keratitis. Cornea 2008;27:439-445. PMID:
18434848.
23. Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S. MEGA5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 2011;28:2731-2739. PMID:
21546353.
24. Uno T, Fukuda M, Ohashi Y, Shimomura Y, Ishibashi Y, Inaba M, Inoue Y, Ueda K, Eguchi H, Shiraishi A, Sotozono C, Tagawa Y, Chikama T. Survey of severe contact lens-associated microbial keratitis in Japan. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi 2011;115:107-115 (in Japanese). PMID:
21400916.
25. Edagawa A, Kimura A, Kawabuchi-Kurata T, Kusuhara Y, Karanis P. Isolation and genotyping of potentially pathogenic
Acanthamoeba and Naegleria species from tap-water sources in Osaka, Japan. Parasitol Res 2009;105:1109-1117. PMID:
19565268.
26. Abe N, Kimata I. Genotyping of
Acanthamoeba isolates from corneal scrapings and contact lens cases of
Acanthamoeba keratitis patients in Osaka, Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 2010;63:299-301. PMID:
20657076.
27. Inoue Y, Ohashi Y, Eguchi H, Takaoka-Sugihara N, Chikama TI, Sotozono C, Shimomura Y, Yagita K, Nozaki T. Multicenter molecular epidemiological study of clinical isolates related with Acanthamoeba keratitis (interim report). Atarashii Ganka 2012;29:397-402 (in Japanese).
28. Spanakos G, Tzanetou K, Miltsakakis D, Patsoula E, Malamou-Lada E, Vakalis NC. Genotyping of pathogenic
Acanthamoebae isolated from clinical samples in Greece-report of a clinical isolate presenting T5 genotype. Parasitol Int 2006;55:147-149. PMID:
16490381.
29. Ledee DR, Iovieno A, Miller D, Mandal N, Diaz M, Fell J, Fini ME, Alfonso EC. Molecular identification of T4 and T5 genotypes in isolates from
Acanthamoeba keratitis patients. J Clin Microbiol 2009;47:1458-1462. PMID:
19321730.
30. Chung DI, Yu HS, Hwang MY, Kim TH, Kim TO, Yun HC, Kong HH. Subgenus classification of
Acanthamoeba by riboprinting. Korean J Parasitol 1998;36:69-80. PMID:
9637824.
31. Kong HH. Molecular phylogeny of
Acanthamoeba. Korean J Parasitol 2009;47:S21-S28. PMID:
19885332.
32. Gast RJ, Ledee DR, Fuerst PA, Byers TJ. Subgenus systematics of
Acanthamoeba: four nuclear 18S rDNA sequence types. J Eukaryot Microbiol 1996;43:498-504. PMID:
8976608.
33. Lahr DJ, Parfrey LW, Mitchell EA, Katz LA, Lara E. The chastity of amoebae: re-evaluating evidence for sex in amoeboid organisms. Proc Biol Sci 2011;278:2081-2090. PMID:
21429931.
34. Malik SB, Ramesh MA, Hulstrand AM, Logsdon JM. Protist homologs of the meiotic spo11 gene and topoisomerase VI reveal an evolutionary history of gene duplication and lineage-specific loss. Mol Biol Evol 2007;24:2827-2841. PMID:
17921483.
35. Gunderson JH, Sogin ML. Length variation in eukaryotic rRNAs: small subunit rRNAs from the protists
Acanthamoeba castellanii and
Euglena gracilis. Gene 1986;44:63-70. PMID:
3095190.
36. Lonergan KM, Gray MW. The ribosomal RNA gene region in
Acanthamoeba castellanii mitochondrial DNA: a case of evolutionary transfer of introns between mitochondria and plastids? J Mol Biol 1994;239:476-499. PMID:
8006963.
37. Ledee DR, Hay J, Byers TJ, Seal DV, Kirkness CM.
Acanthamoeba griffini. Molecular characterization of a new corneal pathogen. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1996;37:544-550. PMID:
8595954.
38. Nagyová V, Nagy A, Timko J. Morphological, physiological and molecular biological characterisation of isolates from first cases of
Acanthamoeba keratitis in Slovakia. Parasitol Res 2010;106:861-872. PMID:
20127114.
39. Dupuy M, Mazoua S, Berne F, Bodet C, Garrec N, Herbelin P, Ménard-Szczebara F, Oberti S, Rodier MH, Soreau S, Wallet F, Héchard Y. Efficiency of water disinfectants against
Legionella pneumophila and
Acanthamoeba. Water Res 2011;45:1087-1094. PMID:
21093012.
40. Booton GC, Visvesvara GS, Byers TJ, Kelly DJ, Fuerst PA. Identification and distribution of
Acanthamoeba species genotypes associated with nonkeratitis infections. J Clin Microbiol 2005;43:1689-1693. PMID:
15814986.
41. Horn M, Fritsche TR, Gautom RK, Schleifer KH, Wagner M. Novel bacterial endosymbionts of
Acanthamoeba spp. related to the
Paramecium caudatum symbiont
Caedibacter caryophilus. Environ Microbiol 1999;1:357-367. PMID:
11207753.
42. Gast RJ. Development of an
Acanthamoeba-specific reverse dot-blot and the discovery of a new ribotype. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2001;48:609-615. PMID:
11831768.
43. Hewett MK, Robinson BS, Monis PT, Saint CP. Identification of a new Acanthamoeba 18S rRNA gene sequence type, corresponding to the species Acanthamoeba jacobsi Sawyer, Nerad and Visvesvara, 1992 (Lobosea: Acanthamoebidae). Acta Protozool 2003;42:325-329.
44. Liu H, Moon EK, Yu HS, Jeong HJ, Hong YC, Kong HH, Chung DI. Evaluation of taxonomic validity of four species of
Acanthamoeba:
A. divionensis,
A. paradivionensis,
A. mauritaniensis, and
A. rhysodes, inferred from molecular analyses. Korean J Parasitol 2005;43:7-13. PMID:
15793353.