Trichomonas tenax(T. tenax) and Trichomonas hominis (T.
hominis) were collected, cultured and sampled for comparative microscopical studies using electron microscope.
Both flagellates were oval in shape and surrounded by a distinct outer membrane. Five recurrent flagella and one anterior flagellum had, each, 9 paris of peripheral and 1 pair of central fibrils, Undulating membrane was curved over the recurrent flagella, and bended in the middle at right angles with cell surface. Cytostome, engulfing bacteria, was observed in T. hominis. In the cytoplasm, there were fine dense glycogen particles, and vacuoles containing ingested materials. Dense pigment rods were also observed in both flagellates, but the rods were not distributed around the vacuoles in T. hominis. In T. tenax axostyle appeared as a cup-shaped structure comprising a single row of 41 fibrils, each about 120 a in diameter. It enclosed glycogen particles, and the open side was faced to the nucleus.
Endoplasmic reticulum was observed around the nucleus, but it was less developed in T. hominis. Nucleus was ovoid having double nuclear membrane, which was clearly defined in T. hominis. Blepharoplast, parabasal body, Golgi appartus and mitochondrion was not observed in both flagellates.
Autoradiographic study was performed in order to know the distribution of exogenous radioactive substance, (3)H-6-Thymidine, by liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica. The worms were maintained in vitro for 1 hour, at 37 degrees C, in Tyrode solution containing (3)H-6-Thymidine. After the incubation, the worms were sectioned and autoradiographed by applying the techniques of microautoradiography. The black grains derived from labeled substance were highly accumulated in the vitelline duct and vitelline glands.
Moderate amount of blackening showed in the subcuticular muscle fibers, testes, ovary, cirrus sac, oral sucker and pharynx. Slightly labeled particles were in the reticular tissue, ventral sucker, intestinal epithelium, prostate, uterus and ova. There can hardly be found the black grains in the cuticle.
In order to determine the prevalence of Necator americanus, 182 fecal samples were collected from school children in the Taegu vicinity. These sample were subsequently cultured by the Harada-Mori technique. Necator americanus was differentiated from Ancylostoma duodenale using the bases of morphological characteristics of filariform larvae. Necator americanus was not found in the vicinity of Taegu.
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Epidemiological study on the hookworm infections in Korea Kyoung Hwan Joo, Han Jong Rim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1978; 16(2): 103. CrossRef
A study was required to evaluate the prevalence of clonorchiasis among school children in the 7 differnet schools located near the Gumho basin and to determine the effectiveness of the anticlonorchis campaign conducted in that area. Surveys for Clonorchis sinensis and the worm burden in the same areas were compared for the period 1960-1970. Both surveys concentrated on children in grades 1-3 ranging from 6-11 years old. They were examined using primarily intradermal tests with Clonorchis antigen and followed by stool examinations. Stool examinations consisting of the formalin-ether sedimentation(Ritchie, 1948 ) and the Stoll egg-count techniques were performed in those cases which revealed positive and doubtful intradermal reactions. The overall prevalence rate for clonorchiasis was reduced from 13.4 per cent to 4.1 per cent. There was also a significant reduction in the worm burden, suggesting that no clonorchiasis will be found among chileren in the near future. In connection with this survey, the prevalence rate for intestinal helminths in 1960 was compared with 1970. The rate for Ascaris lumbricoides had decreased, while the rates for Trichuris trichiura and Trichostrongylus species had increased. No fluctuation in the rate of hookworm was observed during the past 10 years. Clearly, the present survey denotes a requirement for a combined procedure of health education and mass survey with intradermal testing.
It has been found that these methods not only greatly reduce the prevalence of clonorchiasis but also is followed by the marked reductions of the worm burdens of the children examined.
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Epidemiological studies of Clonorchis sinensis in vicinity of river Taewha, Kyungnam province, Korea Chong Yoon Joo The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1980; 18(2): 199. CrossRef
Seasonal variation of snail population of Parafossarulus manchouricus and larval trematode infection in river Kumho, Kyungpook province, Korea Byung Joo Chung, Chong Yoon Joo, Dong Wik Choi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1980; 18(1): 54. CrossRef
Prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis in vicinity of Seongju, Kyungpook Province, Korea Dong Wik Choi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1978; 16(2): 140. CrossRef
Endemic foci of Paragonimus westermani in Chilgok, Kyungpook Province, Korea Young Woo Shon, Dong Wik Choi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1977; 15(2): 133. CrossRef
Clonorchis sinensis in Kyungpook Province, Korea 3. Changing pattern of Clonorchis sinensis infection among inhabitants Dong Wik Choi, Doo Hong Ahn, Chung Hun Choy, Sang Soon Kim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1976; 14(2): 117. CrossRef
Newly found endemic foci of Clonorchis sinensis in Kyungpook Province, Korea Chong Yoon Joo, Dong Wik Choi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1974; 12(2): 111. CrossRef
Study of filariasis to determine important factors involved in its ecology was carried out on Che Ju Island for three consecutive years from 1968 to 1970 in seven villages, three coastal villages and four islets remote from the main island. One village which was located in mountainous area far from the coast was surveyed to serve as control area.
About 90% of population inhabiting the study area had at least one blood smear during the three-year period; about one third had three blood smears, and a little over one third had two, and the rest only one examination. Animal and mosquito surveys were carried out at the same period.
Followings are the results obtained: All human cases but several had microfilariae identical to the description of B.
malayi. The several cases who had morphologically different microfilariae from that of B. malayi need further study for definite conclusion. Five persons randomly sampled from Mf positives and bled every two hours demonstrated nocturnal periodicity between 9 p.m. and 3 a.m. Human is considered to be only reservoir host for human filariasis in the area since animal survey and experimental exposure to the infective larvae of human filaria species showed failure to infect animals. Microfilaria rate, microfilaria density, prevalence of elephantiasis varied by area and age with correlation, which indicated cumulative process of the parasite by repeated exposure and development of host immunity to certain extent. Clinical manifestation of filariasis (symptom complex and elephantiasis ) taken from history and inspection was low in its prevalence with range of 0.9% 11.8% of total population. Only 5.2% of 517 Mf positives had the clinical manifestation. 24.8% of 109 persons with clinical manifestation had microfilaria; 42.9% with symptom complex only, 23.1% with both symptoms and elephantiasis, and none with elephantiasis only were microfilaria positive. Ae. togoi was the only species infected with the filaria. Mosquito infection rate by area showed positive correlation to the Mf rate and density of human population; where the Mf rate and density were high, the mosquito infection rate also high.
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What does not kill them makes them stronger: larval environment and infectious dose alter mosquito potential to transmit filarial worms Jennifer A. Breaux, Molly K. Schumacher, Steven A. Juliano Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.2014; 281(1786): 20140459. CrossRef
Surveillance and Vector Control of Lymphatic Filariasis in the Republic of Korea Shin Hyeong Cho, Da Won Ma, Bo Ra Koo, Hee Eun Shin, Wook Kyo Lee, Byong Suk Jeong, Chaeshin Chu, Won Ja Lee, Hyeng Il Cheun Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2012; 3(3): 145. CrossRef
Seasonal Prevalence of Mosquitoes, Including Vectors of Brugian Filariasis, in Southern Islands of the Republic of Korea Hyeng-Il Cheun, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Hee-Il Lee, E-Hyun Shin, Jong-Soo Lee, Tong-Soo Kim, Won-Ja Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2011; 49(1): 59. CrossRef
Successful Control of Lymphatic Filariasis in the Republic of Korea Hyeng-Il Cheun, Yoon Kong, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jong-Soo Lee, Jong-Yil Chai, Joo-Shil Lee, Jong-Koo Lee, Tong-Soo Kim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(4): 323. CrossRef
Elimination of lymphatic filariasis in the Republic of Korea: an epidemiological survey of formerly endemic areas, 2002–2006 Hyeong‐Il Cheun, Jong‐Soo Lee, Shin‐Hyeong Cho, Yoon Kong, Tong‐Soo Kim Tropical Medicine & International Health.2009; 14(4): 445. CrossRef
A survey of Brugia malayi infection on the Heugsan Islands, Korea Jong-Yil Chai, Soon-Hyung Lee, Sung-Yil Choi, Jong-Soo Lee, Tai-Soon Yong, Kyun-Jong Park, Kyeong-Ae Yang, Keon-Hoon Lee, Mi-Jeng Park, Hyung-Ran Park, Mi-Ja Kim, Han-Jong Rim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2003; 41(1): 69. CrossRef
Epidemiological studies on malayan filariasis in an inland area in Kyungpook, Korea 3. Ecological survey of vector mosquitoes of Brugia malayi Hewng Il Lee, Dong Wik Choi, Doo Hyun Baik, Chong Yoon Joo The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1986; 24(1): 15. CrossRef
The periodicity of the microfilariae of Brugia malayi in Cheju Island, Korea Byong Seol Seo The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1974; 12(2): 95. CrossRef
Efficacy of mass treatment for control of human filariasis Joung Soon Kim, Ok Ryun Moon, Won Young Lee, Suk Lak Chun The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1973; 11(1): 54. CrossRef
This study was carried out for three years from 1968 to 1970. Three coastal villages and four remote islets of Che Ju Island were surveyed and 90% of all inhabitants were blood smeared. These study areas were grouped into five according to its characteristic for evaluation of mass treatment with diethylcarbamazine citrate (Hetrazan U.S.P.) and insecticide spray in control of human filariasis. To set baseline up for control group, placebo was administered.
Followings are the results obtained: 81.1% of all mf positives accepted and completed the mass chemotherapy; main reason for refusal was side reactions told by neighboring villagers who experienced them. 6 mg of hetrazan/kg B.W. x 12 doses given every day turned mf postives to mf negative in 92.1%. The patients who had high mf density remained mf positive in 16.5% whereas only 2.1% for low mf density.
73.8% of mf positives after the treatment showed marked decrease in mf density. Most of them to less than 15n mg/20 mm(3) of blood that can not infect mosquito effectively.
Mosquito infection rates were also dropped markedly in areas where mf positive were mass treated. Side reaction induced by diethylcarbamazine was frequent(64%-90%) and various. The most frequent symptom was headache and fever. DDT spray did not influence human mf rate and mosquito infection rate.
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Successful Control of Lymphatic Filariasis in the Republic of Korea Hyeng-Il Cheun, Yoon Kong, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jong-Soo Lee, Jong-Yil Chai, Joo-Shil Lee, Jong-Koo Lee, Tong-Soo Kim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(4): 323. CrossRef
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