Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

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Volume 39(1); March 2001

Mini Review

Highlights of human toxocariasis: Jean-Fran?ois Magnaval, Lawrence T. Glickman, Philippe Dorchies, Bruno Morassin; Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(1):1-11.
Published online March 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.1.1

Abstract
PDF

Human toxocariasis is a helminthozoonosis due to the migration of Toxocara species larvae through human organism. Humans become infected by ingesting either embryonated eggs from soil (geophagia, pica), dirty hands or raw vegetables, or larvae from undercooked giblets. The diagnosis relies upon sensitive immunological methods (ELISA or western-blot) which use Toxocara excretory-secretory antigens. Seroprevalence is high in developed countries, especially in rural areas, and also in some tropical islands. The clinical spectrum of the disease comprises four syndromes, namely visceral larva migrans, ocular larva migrans, and the more recently recognized "common" (in adults) and "covert" (in children) pictures. Therapy of ocular toxocariasis is primarily based upon corticosteroids use, when visceral larva migrans and few cases of common or covert toxocariasis can be treated by anthelmintics whose the most efficient appeared to be diethylcarbamazine. When diagnosed, all of these syndromes require thorough prevention of recontamination (especially by deworming pets) and sanitary education.

Citations

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Maciej Klockiewicz, Małgorzata Sobczak-Filipiak, Tadeusz Jakubowski, Ewa Długosz
Journal of Veterinary Research.2019; 63(2): 205. CrossRef
Cytokine production and signalling in human THP-1 macrophages is dependent on Toxocara canis glycans
Ewa Długosz, Katarzyna Basałaj, Anna Zawistowska-Deniziak
Parasitology Research.2019; 118(10): 2925. CrossRef
Larval distribution, migratory pattern and histological effects of Toxocara canis in Rattus norvegicus
Kennesa Klariz R. Llanes, Cyrelle M. Besana, Vachel Gay V. Paller
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2019; 43(4): 679. CrossRef
Ocular toxocariasis: a neglected parasitic disease in Egypt
Nagwa Mostafa El-Sayed, Nagham Gamal Masoud
Bulletin of the National Research Centre.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Multiplex profiling of inflammation-related bioactive lipid mediators in Toxocara canis- and Toxocara cati-induced neurotoxocarosis
Patrick Waindok, Elisabeth Janecek-Erfurth, Dimitri Lindenwald, Esther Wilk, Klaus Schughart, Robert Geffers, Laurence Balas, Thierry Durand, Katharina Maria Rund, Nils Helge Schebb, Christina Strube, Alessandra Morassutti
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2019; 13(9): e0007706. CrossRef
Associations of mental disorders and neurotropic parasitic diseases: a meta-analysis in developing and emerging countries
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BMC Public Health.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
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Ali Rostami, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Celia V. Holland, Ali Taghipour, Mohsen Khalili-Fomeshi, Yadolah Fakhri, Vahid Fallah Omrani, Peter J. Hotez, Robin B. Gasser, Alessandra Nicoletti
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TOXOCARIASIS - WHAT DO WE KNOW?
Eleonora Kaneva
PROBLEMS of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases.2019; 47(1): 39. CrossRef
Environmental contamination with Toxocara spp. eggs in public parks and playground sandpits of Greater Lisbon, Portugal
David Otero, Ana M. Alho, Rolf Nijsse, Jeroen Roelfsema, Paul Overgaauw, Luís Madeira de Carvalho
Journal of Infection and Public Health.2018; 11(1): 94. CrossRef
Toxocariasis: critical analysis of serology in patients attending a public referral center for ophthalmology in Brazil
Guita Rubinsky-Elefant, Joyce H. Yamamoto, Carlos E. Hirata, Luiz E. Prestes-Carneiro
Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology.2018; 62(1): 77. CrossRef
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Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology.2018; 32(3): 227. CrossRef
Assessment of the diagnostic value of specific anti-Toxocara IgA in Slovakian patients suspected to have toxocarosis
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Folia Microbiologica.2018; 63(3): 345. CrossRef
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Revista Argentina de Microbiología.2018; 50(3): 249. CrossRef
Lactobacillus rhamnosus reduces parasite load on Toxocara canis experimental infection in mice, but has no effect on the parasite in vitro
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Parasitology Research.2018; 117(2): 597. CrossRef
A Lateral Flow Rapid Test for Human Toxocariasis Developed Using Three Toxocara canis Recombinant Antigens
Muhammad Hafiznur Yunus, Siti Naqiuyah Tan Farrizam, Izzati Zahidah Abdul Karim, Rahmah Noordin
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2018; 98(1): 32. CrossRef
Tissue expression pattern of ABCG transporter indicates functional roles in reproduction of Toxocara canis
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S. Inchauspe, L.V. Echandi, E.M. Dodds
Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología (English Edition).2018; 93(5): 220. CrossRef
Diagnóstico de toxocariasis ocular mediante la demostración de anticuerpos en el humor vítreo
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Identifying anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies in horses of Mexico
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Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia.2018; 70(1): 1. CrossRef
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Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
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The Korean Journal of Medicine.2018; 93(5): 482. CrossRef
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Carla Lavallén, Beatriz Brignani, Karina Riesgo, Amalia Rojas, Gabriela Colace, Martín Biscaychipi, Estela Chicote, Cristian Giuntini, Mariela Kifer, María Eugenia del Río, Guillermo Denegri, Marcela Dopchiz
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Ludmilla Parreiras Campos, Elaine Alvarenga de Almeida Carvalho, Gabriela de Moraes Soares, Júnea Chagas, Kênia da Silva Costa, Edna Afonso Reis, Carlos James Scaini, Micheline Rosa Silveira
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Acta Tropica.2016; 158: 20. CrossRef
Latent and AsymptomaticToxocaraInfection among Young Population in Northwest Iran: The Necessity of Informing People as a Potential Health Risk
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Experimental Parasitology.2016; 171: 33. CrossRef
Human Toxocariasis: Prevalence and Factors Associated with Biosafety in Research Laboratories
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The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2016; 95(6): 1428. CrossRef
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Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2016; 29(2): 375. CrossRef
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Ocular Immunology and Inflammation.2015; : 1. CrossRef
Molecular cloning and characterization of arginine kinase gene of Toxocara canis
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International Journal for Parasitology.2015; 45(7): 495. CrossRef
Seroprevalence, disease awareness, and risk factors for Toxocara canis infection among primary schoolchildren in Makoko, an urban slum community in Nigeria
Pam V. Gyang, Olaoluwa P. Akinwale, Yueh-Lun Lee, Ting-Wu Chuang, Akwaowo B. Orok, Olusola Ajibaye, Chien-Wei Liao, Po-Ching Chen, Chia-Mei Chou, Ying-Chieh Huang, Ursula Barghouth, Chia-Kwung Fan
Acta Tropica.2015; 146: 135. CrossRef
Enhanced Resolution of Eosinophilic Liver Abscess Associated with Toxocariasis by Albendazole Treatment
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The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2015; 65(4): 222. CrossRef
Field evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test to detect antibodies in human toxocariasis
P.K.C. Lim, H. Yamasaki, J.W. Mak, S.F. Wong, C.W. Chong, I.K.S. Yap, S. Ambu, V. Kumarasamy
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The Prevalence of Toxocariasis and Diagnostic Value of Serologic Tests in Asymptomatic Korean Adults
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Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research.2015; 7(5): 467. CrossRef
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Study of Toxocara seroprevalence among patients with allergy and healthy individuals in Bulgaria
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Experimental Parasitology.2015; 159: 252. CrossRef
Kinetics and avidity of anti-Toxocara antibodies (IgG) in rabbits experimentally infected with Toxocara canis
Lundia Luara Cavalcante Bin, Vamilton Alvares Santarém, Cecília Braga Laposy, Guita Rubinsky-Elefant, William Henry Roldán, Rogério Giuffrida
Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária.2015; 25(1): 99. CrossRef
Production of Toxocara cati TES-120 Recombinant Antigen and Comparison with its T. canis Homolog for Serodiagnosis of Toxocariasis
Anizah Rahumatullah, Mohammad Hosein Falaki Moghaddam, Farzaneh Zahabiun, Rahmah Noordin, Muhammad Hafiznur Yunus, Syazwan Saidin, Seyed Mahmoud Sadjjadi
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2015; 93(2): 319. CrossRef
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Producción y evaluación del antígeno recombinante Tes-30 de Toxocara canis para el inmunodiagnóstico de toxocariasis
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Prevalence and Haemato-Biochemical Studies of Toxocara canis Infestation in Dogs and Risk Perception of Zooneses by Dog Owners in Mathura, India
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Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances.2014; 9(10): 653. CrossRef
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Current Tropical Medicine Reports.2014; 1(1): 69. CrossRef
Toxocariasis After Slug Ingestion Characterized by Severe Neurologic, Ocular, and Pulmonary Involvement
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Open Forum Infectious Diseases.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
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Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift.2014; 164(19-20): 424. CrossRef
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Revue Francophone des Laboratoires.2014; 2014(464): 61. CrossRef
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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine.2014; 7: S79. CrossRef
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A Comparative Seroprevalence Study of Toxocariasis in Hypereosinophilic and Apparently Healthy Individuals
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Toxocariasis: seroprevalence in abandoned-institutionalized children and infants
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BioMed Research International.2014; 2014: 1. CrossRef
Pulmonary Toxocariasis Mimicking Invasive Aspergillosis in a Patient with Ulcerative Colitis
Eun Jin Park, Joon Young Song, Min Ju Choi, Ji Ho Jeon, Jah-yeon Choi, Tae Un Yang, Kyung Wook Hong, Ji Yun Noh, Hee Jin Cheong, Woo Joo Kim
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A Case of Ocular Toxocariasis Successfully Treated with Albendazole and Triamcinolon
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Comparison of Toxocariasis Frequency in Hyper- eosinophilic and Non- Eosinophilic Individuals Referred to Abadan Health Centers
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Veterinary Parasitology.2013; 193(4): 375. CrossRef
Toxocara-induced hepatic inflammation: Immunohistochemical characterization of lymphocyte subpopulations and Bcl-2 expression
Ahmad A. Othman, Dalia S. Ashour, Dareen A. Mohamed
Experimental Parasitology.2013; 134(1): 76. CrossRef
Diagnosis of human nematode infections
Coralie L’Ollivier, Renaud Piarroux
Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy.2013; 11(12): 1363. CrossRef
Laboratory diagnosis of human toxocariasis
J. Fillaux, J.-F. Magnaval
Veterinary Parasitology.2013; 193(4): 327. CrossRef
Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Toxocara canis Infection in Children
Camilo Romero Núñez, Germán David Mendoza Martínez, Selene Yañez Arteaga, Martha Ponce Macotela, Patricia Bustamante Montes, Ninfa Ramírez Durán, Gabriella Cancrini, Edward L. Jarroll
The Scientific World Journal.2013;[Epub] CrossRef
Manifestaciones cardiovasculares de la toxocariasis humana
Adrián Bolívar-Mejía, Alfonso J. Rodríguez-Morales, Alberto E. Paniz-Mondolfi, Olinda Delgado
Archivos de Cardiología de México.2013; 83(2): 120. CrossRef
A Case of Acute Cholecystitis Combined with Eosinophilic Pericarditis Caused by Toxocariasis
Jin Woo Choo, Hyun Jong Choi, Jong Ho Moon, Jong Ho Chung, Jin Seok Park, Yu Sik Myung, Hye Sun Seo
Korean Journal of Medicine.2013; 84(6): 836. CrossRef
A perfect time to harness advanced molecular technologies to explore the fundamental biology of Toxocara species
Robin B. Gasser
Veterinary Parasitology.2013; 193(4): 353. CrossRef
Factors affecting disease manifestation of toxocarosis in humans: Genetics and environment
Chia-Kwung Fan, Chien-Wei Liao, Yu-Chieh Cheng
Veterinary Parasitology.2013; 193(4): 342. CrossRef
Toxocara spp. seroprevalence in sheep from southern Brazil
Gabriela Lopes Rassier, Sibele Borsuk, Felipe Pappen, Carlos Jaime Scaini, Tiago Gallina, Marcos Marreiro Villela, Nara Amélia da Rosa Farias, Magda Vieira Benavides, Maria Elisabeth Aires Berne
Parasitology Research.2013; 112(9): 3181. CrossRef
Eosinophilic granulomatous gastrointestinal and hepatic abscesses attributable to basidiobolomycosis and fasciolias: a simultaneous emergence in Iraqi Kurdistan
Hemmin A Hassan, Runnak A Majid, Nawshirwan G Rashid, Bryar E Nuradeen, Qalandar H Abdulkarim, Tahir A Hawramy, Rekawt M Rashid, Alton B Farris, Jeannette Guarner, Michael D Hughson
BMC Infectious Diseases.2013;[Epub] CrossRef
Toxocariasis in Waste Pickers: A Case Control Seroprevalence Study
Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel, Herbert B. Tanowitz
PLoS ONE.2013; 8(1): e54897. CrossRef
Toxocara Infection in Psychiatric Inpatients: A Case Control Seroprevalence Study
Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel, Bruce Russell
PLoS ONE.2013; 8(4): e62606. CrossRef
PCR-Based Molecular Characterization of Toxocara spp. Using Feces of Stray Cats: A Study from Southwest Iran
Shahram Khademvatan, Fakher Rahim, Mahdi Tavalla, Rahman Abdizadeh, Mahmoud Hashemitabar, Kelly A. Brayton
PLoS ONE.2013; 8(6): e65293. CrossRef
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF THE PROBIOTIC Saccharomyces boulardii IN Toxocara canis INFECTION IS NOT DUE TO DIRECT ACTION ON THE LARVAE
Luciana Farias da Costa de Avila, Paula de Lima Telmo, Lourdes Helena Rodrigues Martins, Thais Aimee Glaeser, Fabricio Rochedo Conceicao, Fabio Pereira Leivas Leite, Carlos James Scaini
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo.2013; 55(5): 363. CrossRef
Analysis of the course and treatment of toxocariasis in children—a long-term observation
M. Wiśniewska-Ligier, T. Woźniakowska-Gęsicka, J. Sobolewska-Dryjańska, A. Markiewicz-Jóźwiak, M. Wieczorek
Parasitology Research.2012; 110(6): 2363. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of toxocariasis in hypereosinophilic individuals in Ahwaz, south-western Iran
S. Maraghi, A. Rafiei, R. Hajihossein, S. M. Sadjjadi
Journal of Helminthology.2012; 86(2): 241. CrossRef
Therapeutic battle against larval toxocariasis: Are we still far behind?
Ahmad A. Othman
Acta Tropica.2012; 124(3): 171. CrossRef
Advances in molecular identification, taxonomy, genetic variation and diagnosis of Toxocara spp.
Jia Chen, Dong-Hui Zhou, Alasdair J. Nisbet, Min-Jun Xu, Si-Yang Huang, Ming-Wei Li, Chun-Ren Wang, Xing-Quan Zhu
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2012; 12(7): 1344. CrossRef
Eosinophilic Myocarditis Associated with Visceral Larva Migrans Caused byToxocara CanisInfection
Ji Hee Kim, Woo-Baek Chung, Kyung-Yoon Chang, Sun-Young Ko, Mi-Hee Park, Young-Kyoung Sa, Yun-Seok Choi, Chul-Soo Park, Man-Young Lee
Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound.2012; 20(3): 150. CrossRef
Meningitis byToxocara canisafter Ingestion of Raw Ostrich Liver
Young Noh, Sung-Tae Hong, Ji Young Yun, Hong-Kyun Park, Jung-Hwan Oh, Young Eun Kim, Beom S. Jeon
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2012; 27(9): 1105. CrossRef
Association between contamination of public squares and seropositivity for Toxocara spp. in children
Marcos P. Manini, Ariella A. Marchioro, Cristiane M. Colli, Letícia Nishi, Ana L. Falavigna-Guilherme
Veterinary Parasitology.2012; 188(1-2): 48. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Seven Zoonotic Infections in Nunavik, Quebec (Canada)
V. Messier, B. Lévesque, J.‐F. Proulx, L. Rochette, B. Serhir, M. Couillard, B. J. Ward, M. D. Libman, É. Dewailly, S. Déry
Zoonoses and Public Health.2012; 59(2): 107. CrossRef
Frequency of antibodies to Toxocara in Cuban schoolchildren
I. Sariego, K. Kanobana, R. Junco, K. Vereecken, F. A. Núñez, K. Polman, M. Bonet, L. Rojas
Tropical Medicine & International Health.2012; 17(6): 711. CrossRef
A Case of Toxocariasis with Visceral Larva Migrans Combined with Ocular Larva Migrans
Ji Eun Park, Mi-Jung Oh, Dong Hyun Oh, In Myung Oh, Kyoung Hwa Yoo, Sung Gyu Im, Hyun Kyung Ghil
Korean Journal of Medicine.2012; 83(4): 543. CrossRef
Parasitic Liver Disease in Travelers
Wilson W. Chan, Adrienne Showler, Andrea K. Boggild
Infectious Disease Clinics of North America.2012; 26(3): 755. CrossRef
Analysis of serum cytokine levels in children with chronic cough associated with Toxocara canis infection
D. Nagy, O. Bede, J. Danka, Z. SzÉnási, S. Sipka
Parasite Immunology.2012; 34(12): 581. CrossRef
Clinical Evaluation of Toxocariasis Presenting as a Liver Abscess
Dong Wook Joo, Byung Seok Kim, Kyung Ho Ha, Kyoung Chan Park, Jung Il Ryu, Chang Hyeong Lee
Korean Journal of Medicine.2012; 82(4): 435. CrossRef
Human Toxocariasis Presenting with Fever and Colestatic Hepatitis: An Underestimated but Current Zoonosis
Vera Sicbaldi, Andrea Bellodi, Valerio Del Bono, Eleonora Arboscello, Riccardo Ghio
International Journal of Clinical Medicine.2012; 03(07): 595. CrossRef
Antigen-Specific T Cells and Cytokines Detection as Useful Tool for Understanding Immunity against Zoonotic Infections
Annalisa Agnone, Alessandra Torina, Gesualdo Vesco, Sara Villari, Fabrizio Vitale, Santo Caracappa, Marco Pio La Manna, Francesco Dieli, Guido Sireci
Clinical and Developmental Immunology.2012; 2012: 1. CrossRef
Toxocariasis in Cuba: A Literature Review
Idalia Sariego, Kirezi Kanobana, Lázara Rojas, Niko Speybroeck, Katja Polman, Fidel A. Núñez, Hélène Carabin
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2012; 6(2): e1382. CrossRef
IgG Antibody responses in mice coinfected with Toxocara canis and other helminths or protozoan parasites
Susana A. Zevallos Lescano, Maria Cristina Nakhle, Manoel Carlos S.A. Ribeiro, Pedro Paulo Chieffi
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo.2012; 54(3): 145. CrossRef
An evaluation of the dot-ELISA procedure as a diagnostic test in an area with a high prevalence of human Toxocara canis infection
María V Bojanich, Gioia L Marino, María Á López, José M Alonso
Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.2012; 107(2): 194. CrossRef
A case of liver abscess caused by toxocara canis
Yasumiko SAKAMOTO, Shigeki OKAMURA, Seiya SAITOH, Hiroo MATSUSHITA, Takumasa NISHIMURA, Masami KIMURA
Nihon Rinsho Geka Gakkai Zasshi (Journal of Japan Surgical Association).2012; 73(1): 97. CrossRef
Seroepidemiology of Nine Zoonoses in Viljujsk, Republic of Sakha (Northeastern Siberia, Russian Federation)
Jean-François Magnaval, Hugues Tolou, Morgane Gibert, Vladimir Innokentiev, Mylène Laborde, Olga Melnichuk, Marc Grandadam, Eric Crubézy, Anatoly Alekseev
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2011; 11(2): 157. CrossRef
Toxocara canis larvae reinfecting BALB/c mice exhibit accelerated speed of migration to the host CNS
Petra Kolbeková, David Větvička, Jan Svoboda, Karl Skírnisson, Markéta Leissová, Martin Syrůček, Helena Marečková, Libuše Kolářová
Parasitology Research.2011; 109(5): 1267. CrossRef
Anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies in sheep from southeastern Brazil
Vamilton Alvares Santarém, Paula Andreia Fabris Chesine, Beatriz Esther Leme Lamers, Guita Rubinsky-Elefant, Rogério Giuffrida
Veterinary Parasitology.2011; 179(1-3): 283. CrossRef
An Extremely Uncommon Case of Parasitic Infection Presenting as Eosinophilic Ascites in a Young Patient
Kemal Oncu, Yusuf Yazgan, Mustafa Kaplan, Alpaslan Tanoglu, Irfan Kucuk, Ufuk Berber, Levent Demirturk
Case Reports in Gastroenterology.2011; 5(1): 139. CrossRef
Kinetics of Foxp3-expressing regulatory cells in experimental Toxocara canis infection
Ahmad A. Othman, Safinaz H. El-Shourbagy, Rasha H. Soliman
Experimental Parasitology.2011; 127(2): 454. CrossRef
Toxocara and Ascaris seropositivity among patients suspected of visceral and ocular larva migrans in the Netherlands: trends from 1998 to 2009
E. Pinelli, T. Herremans, M. G. Harms, D. Hoek, L. M. Kortbeek
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases.2011; 30(7): 873. CrossRef
Imaging of Toxocara canis larvae labelled by CFSE in BALB/c mice
Petra Kolbeková, Libuše Kolářová, David Větvička, Martin Syrůček
Parasitology Research.2011; 108(4): 1007. CrossRef
Cough syncope and multiple pulmonary nodules
Louis Kreitmann, François Collet, Jean-Paul Gouello, Malcolm Lemyze
Internal and Emergency Medicine.2011; 6(4): 377. CrossRef
Contamination of the soil by eggs of geohelminths in rural areas of Lodz district (Poland)
J. Blaszkowska, P. Kurnatowski, P. Damiecka
Helminthologia.2011;[Epub] CrossRef
Toxocara Canis Myelitis
Rosette A. Jabbour, Souha S. Kanj, Raja A. Sawaya, Ghassan N. Awar, Mukbil H. Hourani, Samir F. Atweh
Medicine.2011; 90(5): 337. CrossRef
Potential immunological markers for diagnosis and therapeutic assessment of toxocariasis
Guita Rubinsky-Elefant, Sumie Hoshino-Shimizu, Cristina Miuki Abe Jacob, Maria Carmen Arroyo Sanchez, Antonio Walter Ferreira
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo.2011; 53(2): 61. CrossRef
Avaliação eosinofílica e soropositividade para anticorpos IgG anti-toxocara em crianças atendidas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde
Ariella Andrade Marchioro, Cristiane Maria Colli, Salete Mattia, Márcia Liz Paludo, Gisely Cardoso de Melo, Carolina Moreira Adami, Sandra Marisa Pelloso, Ana Lúcia F. Guilherme
Revista Paulista de Pediatria.2011; 29(1): 80. CrossRef
Identification of candidate antigens from adult stages of Toxocara canis for the serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis
Patrícia Longuinhos Peixoto, Evaldo Nascimento, Guilherme Grossi Lopes Cançado, Rodrigo Rodrigues Cambraia de Miranda, Regina Lunardi Rocha, Ricardo Nascimento Araújo, Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara
Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.2011; 106(2): 200. CrossRef
Protective and risk factors for toxocariasis in children from two different social classes of Brazil
Vamilton Alvares Santarém, Flávia Noris Chagas Leli, Guita Rubinsky-Elefant, Rogério Giuffrida
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo.2011; 53(2): 66. CrossRef
The increase in seroprevalence to Toxocara canis in asthmatic children is related to cross-reaction with Ascaris suum antigens
M.A. Muñoz-Guzmán, B.E. del Río-Navarro, G. Valdivia-Anda, F. Alba-Hurtado
Allergologia et Immunopathologia.2010; 38(3): 115. CrossRef
A Case of Recurrent Toxocariasis Presenting With Urticaria
Min-Hye Kim, Jae-Woo Jung, Jae-Woo Kwon, Tae-Whan Kim, Sae-Hoon Kim, Sang-Heon Cho, Kyung-Up Min, You-Young Kim, Yoon-Seok Chang
Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Research.2010; 2(4): 267. CrossRef
Comparative assessment of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot for the diagnosis of toxocariasis in patients with skin disorders
A-P. Bellanger, P. Humbert, B. Gavignet, A.D. Deschaseaux, C. Barisien, S. Roussel, L. Millon, F. Aubin, R. Piarroux
British Journal of Dermatology.2010; 162(1): 80. CrossRef
Recovery threshold of Toxocara canis eggs from soil
I.G. Rosa Xavier, B.C. Ramos, V.A. Santarém
Veterinary Parasitology.2010; 167(1): 77. CrossRef
Toxocara canis: Potential activity of natural products against second-stage larvae in vitro and in vivo
Mariana Reis, Alcione Trinca, Maria José U. Ferreira, Ana R. Monsalve-Puello, Maria Amélia A. Grácio
Experimental Parasitology.2010; 126(2): 191. CrossRef
Familial Case of Visceral Larval Migrans of Toxocara Canis after Ingestion of Raw Chicken Liver
Min Su Park, Young Joon Ahn, Kyung Rye Moon
Korean Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition.2010; 13(1): 70. CrossRef
Emerging Zoonoses in the Southern United States: Toxocariasis, Bovine Tuberculosis and Southern Tick-Associated Rash Illness
Rachel M. Clinton, Hélène Carabin, Susan E. Little
The American Journal of the Medical Sciences.2010; 340(3): 187. CrossRef
Syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë secondaire à une infection à Toxocara cati
J.-M. Tadié, A. Chaudeurge, N. Lerolle, J. Audibert, A. Novara, J.-Y. Fagon, E. Guérot
Revue des Maladies Respiratoires.2010; 27(5): 505. CrossRef
Biochemical and immunopathological changes in experimental neurotoxocariasis
Ahmad A. Othman, Ghada A. Abdel-Aleem, Eman M. Saied, Wael W. Mayah, Afaf M. Elatrash
Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology.2010; 172(1): 1. CrossRef
Emerging and Established Parasitic Lung Infestations
Vannan Kandi Vijayan, Tarek Kilani
Infectious Disease Clinics of North America.2010; 24(3): 579. CrossRef
In vitro and in vivo effects of Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 on Toxocara canis
Paula G Chiodo, Mónica D Sparo, Betina C Pezzani, Marta C Minvielle, Juan A Basualdo
Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.2010; 105(5): 615. CrossRef
Serological, clinical and epidemiological evaluation of toxocariasis in urban areas of south Brazil
Cristiane M. Colli, Guita Rubinsky-Elefant, Marcia L. Paludo, Dina L. M. Falavigna, Edson V. Guilherme, Salete Mattia, Silvana M. Araújo, Érika C. Ferreira, Isolde T. S. Previdelli, Ana L. Falavigna-Guilherme
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo.2010; 52(2): 69. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of human toxocariasis in Andean communities from the Northeast of Lima, Peru
Yrma A. Espinoza, Pedro E. Huapaya, William H. Roldán, Susana Jiménez, Enma P. Abanto, Carlos A. Rojas, Yuri A. Cavero, César A. Gutiérrez
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo.2010; 52(1): 31. CrossRef
Human toxocariasis: a seroepidemiological survey in the Amazonian city of Yurimaguas, Peru
William H. Roldán, Yuri A. Cavero, Yrma A. Espinoza, Susana Jiménez, César A. Gutiérrez
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo.2010; 52(1): 37. CrossRef
How common is human toxocariasis? Towards standardizing our knowledge
Huw Smith, Celia Holland, Mervyn Taylor, J-F. Magnaval, Peter Schantz, Rick Maizels
Trends in Parasitology.2009; 25(4): 182. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Toxocara canis infection among asymptomatic children with eosinophilia in Croatia
M. Sviben, T.V. Čavlek, E.M. Missoni, G.M. Galinović
Journal of Helminthology.2009; 83(4): 369. CrossRef
Impact of Toxocariasis in Patients with Unexplained Patchy Pulmonary Infiltrate in Korea
Young-Soon Yoon, Chang-Hoon Lee, Young-Ae Kang, Sung-Youn Kwon, Ho Il Yoon, Jae-Ho Lee, Choon-Taek Lee
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2009; 24(1): 40. CrossRef
Experimental Infection withToxocara catiin BALB/c Mice, Migratory Behaviour and Pathological Changes
N. Cardillo, A. Rosa, M. Ribicich, C. López, I. Sommerfelt
Zoonoses and Public Health.2009; 56(4): 198. CrossRef
Morphology and Occurrence of Species of Toxocara in Wild Mammal Populations from Egypt
Nahla A. Radwan, Amal I. Khalil, Rasha A. El Mahi
Comparative Parasitology.2009; 76(2): 273. CrossRef
Toxocara seropositivity in Sri Lankan children with asthma
Deepika Fernando, Pujitha Wickramasinghe, Gamini Kapilananda, Rajika L. Dewasurendra, Melanie Amarasooriya, Asangi Dayaratne
Pediatrics International.2009; 51(2): 241. CrossRef
Ultrastructural Localization of Toxocara canis Larval Antigen Reacted with a Seropositive Human Serum
Soo-Ung Lee, Jae-Ran Yu, Sun Huh
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(1): 65. CrossRef
Toxocariasis Might be an Important Cause of Atopic Myelitis in Korea
Jin-Young Lee, Byoung-Joon Kim, Sang-Pyo Lee, Yun-Jin Jeung, Mi-Jung Oh, Min-Su Park, Jae-Won Paeng, Byung-Jae Lee, Dong-Chull Choi
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2009; 24(6): 1024. CrossRef
Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot test for the confirmatory serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis
William H Roldán, Yrma A Espinoza
Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.2009; 104(3): 411. CrossRef
Frequency of human toxocariasis in a rural population from Cajamarca, Peru determined by DOT-ELISA test
William H. Roldán, Yrma A. Espinoza, Pedro E. Huapaya, Alina F. Huiza, Carlos R. Sevilla, Susana Jiménez
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo.2009; 51(2): 67. CrossRef
Influence of variables on centrifuge-flotation technique for recovery of Toxocara canis eggs from soil
Vamilton Alvares Santarém, Luciana Puga Magoti, Tathiana Dias Sichieri
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo.2009; 51(3): 163. CrossRef
Human toxocariasis: contribution by Brazilian researchers
Pedro Paulo Chieffi, Sérgio Vieira dos Santos, Maisa Leite de Queiroz, Susana A. Zevallos Lescano
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo.2009; 51(6): 301. CrossRef
Differentiation of Larva Migrans Caused byBaylisascaris procyonisandToxocaraSpecies by Western Blotting
Sriveny Dangoudoubiyam, Kevin R. Kazacos
Clinical and Vaccine Immunology.2009; 16(11): 1563. CrossRef
Development and Evaluation of a Sensitive and Specific Assay for Diagnosis of Human Toxocariasis by Use of Three Recombinant Antigens (TES-26, TES-30USM, and TES-120)
Suharni Mohamad, Norhaida Che Azmi, Rahmah Noordin
Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2009; 47(6): 1712. CrossRef
The co-occurrence of Toxocaraocular and visceral larva migrans syndrome: a case series
Małgorzata Paul, Jerzy Stefaniak, Hanna Twardosz-Pawlik, Krystyna Pecold
Cases Journal.2009;[Epub] CrossRef
Parasitic lung infection and the paediatric lung
Gilberto Bueno Fischer, Edgar E. Sarria, Álvaro Jorge Madeiro Leite, Murilo Carlos Amorim de Britto
Paediatric Respiratory Reviews.2008; 9(1): 57. CrossRef
A familial case of visceral toxocariasis due to consumption of raw bovine liver
Masahide Yoshikawa, Mariko Nishiofuku, Kei Moriya, Yukiteru Ouji, Shigeaki Ishizaka, Kei Kasahara, Kei-ichi Mikasa, Toshiko Hirai, Youka Mizuno, Shuhei Ogawa, Takahito Nakamura, Haruhiko Maruyama, Nobuaki Akao
Parasitology International.2008; 57(4): 525. CrossRef
Epilepsy and toxocariasis: a case–control study in Italy
Alessandra Nicoletti, Vito Sofia, Antonia Mantella, Giuseppina Vitale, Donatella Contrafatto, Veronica Sorbello, Roberto Biondi, Pierre‐Marie Preux, Hector Hugo Garcia, Mario Zappia, Alessandro Bartoloni
Epilepsia.2008; 49(4): 594. CrossRef
Experimental toxocariosis in BALB/c mice: Effect of the inoculation dose on brain and eye involvement
María Dolores Ollero, Soledad Fenoy, Carmen Cuéllar, José Luis Guillén, Carmen del Aguila
Acta Tropica.2008; 105(2): 124. CrossRef
Environmental and personal risk factors for toxocariasis in children with diagnosed disease in urban and rural areas of central Poland
Jakub Gawor, Anna Borecka, Hanna Żarnowska, Magdalena Marczyńska, Sabina Dobosz
Veterinary Parasitology.2008; 155(3-4): 217. CrossRef
Helminthic parasites and seizures
Hector H. Garcia, Manish Modi
Epilepsia.2008; 49(s6): 25. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Toxocariasis among Healthy People with Eosinophilia
Yong-Hun Kim, Sun Huh, Young-Bae Chung
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2008; 46(1): 29. CrossRef
Follow-up of antibody avidity in BALB/c mice infected withToxocara canis
S. FENOY, M. RODERO, E. PONS, C. AGUILA, C. CUÉLLAR
Parasitology.2008; 135(6): 725. CrossRef
Toxocara Seroprevalence in Schizophrenic Patients in Turkey
Mustafa Kaplan, Ahmet Kalkan, Salih Kuk, Kutbeddin Demirdag, Mehmet Ozden, S. Sirri Kilic
Yonsei Medical Journal.2008; 49(2): 224. CrossRef
rTES-30USM: cloning via assembly PCR, expression, and evaluation of usefulness in the detection of toxocariasis
A. Norhaida, M. Suharni, A. T. Liza Sharmini, J. Tuda, N. Rahmah
Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology.2008; 102(2): 151. CrossRef
Application of Toxocara canis excretory–secretory antigens and IgG subclass antibodies (IgG1-4) in serodiagnostic assays of human toxocariasis
Dorn Watthanakulpanich, Huw V. Smith, Glyn Hobbs, Anthony J. Whalley, David Billington
Acta Tropica.2008; 106(2): 90. CrossRef
Anticysticercal and antitoxocaral antibodies in people with epilepsy in rural Tanzania
Andrea Sylvia Winkler, Joachim Blocher, Herbert Auer, Thaddaeus Gotwald, William Matuja, Erich Schmutzhard
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2008; 102(10): 1032. CrossRef
The investigation of Toxocara canis eggs in coats of different dog breeds as a potential transmission route in human toxocariasis
M. Aydenizöz-Özkayhan, B.B. Yağcı, S. Erat
Veterinary Parasitology.2008; 152(1-2): 94. CrossRef
Cutaneous manifestations of human toxocariasis
Béatrice Gavignet, Renaud Piarroux, François Aubin, Laurence Millon, Philippe Humbert
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.2008; 59(6): 1031. CrossRef
Detection of Toxocara canis larvae by PCR in the liver of experimentally infected Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)
A. Borecka, J. Gawor, M. Niedworok, B. Sordyl
Helminthologia.2008; 45(3): 147. CrossRef
Cognitive dysfunction, urinary retention, and a lesion in the thalamus—Beware of possible toxocariasis of the central nervous system
Rainer Scheid, R. Tina Jentzsch, Matthias L. Schroeter
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery.2008; 110(10): 1054. CrossRef
Serodiagnosis of Human Toxocariasis Using Adult Somatic and Excretory-Secretory Antigens of Toxocara canis
Nawal A. Hassanain ., Mona S. Mahmoud .
Research Journal of Parasitology.2008; 3(3): 85. CrossRef
Toxocariasis associated with chronic cough in childhood: a longitudinal study in Hungary
O. Bede, Z. Szénási, J. Danka, K. Gyurkovits, D. Nagy
Journal of Helminthology.2008; 82(4): 357. CrossRef
Sero-epidemiology of toxocariasis in a rural settlement in São Paulo state, Brazil
L. E. Prestes-Carneiro, V. Santarém, S. C. S. Zago, N. A. Miguel, S. de F. Zambelli, R. Villas, A. J. Vaz, G. Rubinsky-Elefant
Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology.2008; 102(4): 347. CrossRef
Ocular lesions in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) infected with low larval burden of Toxocara canis: observations using indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy
Ledilma Inês Duarte Colodetti Zanandréa, Gabriela Mantovanelli Oliveira, Andressa Silva Abreu, Fausto Edmundo Lima Pereira
Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical.2008; 41(6): 570. CrossRef
Clinical and serological evidence of Toxocara infection in school children from Morrope District, Lambayeque, Peru
Yrma A. Espinoza, Pedro H. Huapaya, William H. Roldán, Susana Jiménez, Zhandra Arce, Elmer Lopez
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo.2008; 50(2): 101. CrossRef
Environmental contamination by Toxocara spp. Eggs in a rural settlement in Brazil
Vamilton Alvares Santarém, Elisabeth da Cunha Franco, Fernanda Torres Kozuki, Danila Fini, Luiz Euribel Prestes-Carneiro
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo.2008; 50(5): 279. CrossRef
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Original Articles

Localization of cytoskeletal proteins in Pneumocystis carinii by immuno-electron microscopy: Jae-Ran Yu, Jae-Kyong Pyon, Min Seo, Byung-Suk Jung, Sang Rock Cho, Soon-Hyung Lee, Sung-Tae Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(1):13-21.
Published online March 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.1.13

Abstract
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Pneumocystis carinii causes serious pulmonary infection in immunosuppressed patients. This study was undertaken to observe the cytoskeletal proteins of P. carinii by immuno-electron microscopy. P. carinii infection was experimentally induced by immunosuppression of Sprague-Dawley rats for seven weeks, and their lungs were used for the observations of this study. The gold particles localized actin, tropomyosin, and tubulin. The actin was irregularly scattered in the cytoplasm of the trophic forms but was much more concentrated in the inner space of the cell wall of the cystic forms called the inner electron-lucent layer. No significant amount of tropomyosin was observed in either trophic forms or cystic forms. The tubulin was distributed along the peripheral cytoplasm and filopodia of both the trophic and cystic forms rather than in the inner side of the cytoplasm. Particularly, in the cystic forms, the amount of tubulin was increased and located mainly in the inner electron-lucent layer of the cell wall where the actin was concentrated as well. The results of this study showed that the cell wall of P. carinii cystic forms is a structure whose inner side is rich in actin and tubulin. The location of the actin and tubulin in P. carinii suggests that the main role of these proteins is an involvement in the protection of cystic forms from the outside environment by maintaining rigidity of the cystic forms.

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A Molecular Window into the Biology and Epidemiology of Pneumocystis spp
Liang Ma, Ousmane H. Cissé, Joseph A. Kovacs
Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

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A nationwide survey of the prevalence of human Gymnophalloides seoi infection on western and southern coastal islands in the Republic of Korea: Jong-Yil Chai, Jae-Hwan Park, Eun-Taek Han, Eun-Hee Shin, Jae-Lip Kim, Kwang-Seon Hong, Han-Jong Rim, Soon-Hyung Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(1):23-30.
Published online March 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.1.23

Abstract
PDF

A nationwide survey was performed to know the distribution and prevalence of human Gymnophalloides seoi infection on western and southern coastal islands in the Republic of Korea. A total of 4,178 fecal specimens were collected from residents on 45 (24 western and 21 southern) islands, and examined by Kato-Katz and formalin-ether sedimentation techniques. Eggs of G. seoi were detected from 160 (3.8%) people living on 22 (13 western and 9 southern) islands. The prevalence varied by the location of islands; higher on western islands than on southern islands. The highest prevalence was found on Amtaedo (25.3%), followed by Cheungdo (25.0%), and Anchwado (20.9%) (Shinan-gun). A little lower prevalence was observed on Munyodo (13.3%), Shinshido (12.9%), and Sonyudo (10.3%) (Kunsan-shi). Of the remaining islands, the regions showing the prevalence greater than 5% included Kohado, Dallido (Mokpo-shi), Pyeongildo, Kogumdo (Wando-gun), and Keogumdo (Kohung-gun). A strong age predilection was noted (p < 0.05); 95% of the infected people were over 40 years old. Females showed a little higher prevalence than males. The results indicate that human G. seoi infection is more widely distributed than previously considered. Nine of 11 islands (excluding the 2 known areas Munyodo and Sunyudo) that showed greater prevalence than 5% are regarded as new endemic foci of G. seoi.

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Langui Song, Qingxing Xie, Zhiyue Lv
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine.2021; 14(9): 385. CrossRef
A potential zoonotic parasite, the digenean Gymnophalloides nacellae, on the Magellanic coast in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean: its life cycle and geographical distribution
Carmen Gilardoni, Gisele Di Giorgio, Estefanía Bagnato, Susana Pina, Pedro Rodrigues, Florencia Cremonte
Polar Biology.2020; 43(6): 725. CrossRef
Survey of Gymnophalloides seoi Metacercariae in Natural and Cultured Oysters from Several Western Coastal Areas, Korea
Taehee Chang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Hyemi Song, Jaeeun Cho, Sooji Hong, Keon-Hoon Lee, Eui-Hyug Hoang, Jisu Kang, Jini Lim, Hana Lee, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(6): 705. CrossRef
Prevalence and Density of Digenetic Trematode Metacercariae in Clams and Oysters from Western Coastal Regions of the Republic of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Won-Ja Lee
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Min Seo, Adauto Araujo, Karl Reinhard, Jong Yil Chai, Dong Hoon Shin
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Increased Intestinal Epithelial Cell Turnover and Intestinal Motility in Gymnophalloides seoi-Infected C57BL/6 Mice
Sang Hyub Lee, Bong-Kwang Jung, Jae-Hwan Park, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(3): 273. CrossRef
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Young-Eun Kim, Hee Jae Huh, Yu-Yean Hwang, Nam Yong Lee
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Sixteenth CenturyGymnophalloides seoiInfection on the Coast of the Korean Peninsula
Dong Hoon Shin, Chang Seok Oh, Jong-Yil Chai, Min Ju Ji, Hye-Jung Lee, Min Seo
Journal of Parasitology.2012; 98(6): 1283. CrossRef
Foodborne Intestinal Flukes in Southeast Asia
Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Hee Shin, Soon-Hyung Lee, Han-Jong Rim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(Suppl): S69. CrossRef
Trends in parasitic diseases in the Republic of Korea
Eun-Hee Shin, Sang-Mee Guk, Hyo-Jin Kim, Soon-Hyung Lee, Jong-Yil Chai
Trends in Parasitology.2008; 24(3): 143. CrossRef
Gymnophalloides seoi Eggs from the Stool of a 17th Century Female Mummy Found in Hadong, Republic of Korea
Min Seo, Dong Hoon Shin, Sang-Mee Guk, Chang Seok Oh, Eun-Joo Lee, Myung Ho Shin, Myeung Ju Kim, Soong Deok Lee, Yi-Suk Kim, Yang Su Yi, Mark Spigelman, Jong-Yil Chai
Journal of Parasitology.2008; 94(2): 467. CrossRef
A new endemic focus of Gymnophalloides seoi infection on Aphae Island, Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do
Jae-Hwan Park, Sang-Mee Guk, Eun-Hee Shin, Hyo-Jin Kim, Jae-Lip Kim, Min Seo, Yun-Kyu Park, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2007; 45(1): 39. CrossRef
Prevalence of Gymnophalloides seoi infection in coastal villages of Haenam-gun and Yeongam-gun, Republic of Korea
Sang-Mee Guk, Jae-Hwan Park, Eun-Hee Shin, Jae-Lip Kim, Aifen Lin, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2006; 44(1): 1. CrossRef
A survey of Enterobius vermicularis infection among children on western and southern coastal islands of the Republic of Korea
Jae-Hwan Park, Eun-Taek Han, Won-Hee Kim, Eun-Hee Shin, Sang-Mee Guk, Jae-Lip Kim, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2005; 43(4): 129. CrossRef
Gymnophalloides seoi: a new human intestinal trematode
Jong-Yil Chai, Min-Ho Choi, Jae-Ran Yu, Soon-Hyung Lee
Trends in Parasitology.2003; 19(3): 109. CrossRef
Food-borne intestinal trematode infections in the Republic of Korea
Jong-Yil Chai, Soon-Hyung Lee
Parasitology International.2002; 51(2): 129. CrossRef
A review of Gymnophalloides seoi (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) and human infections in the Republic of Korea
Soon-Hyung Lee, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2001; 39(2): 85. CrossRef

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Intestinal histopathology and in situ postures of Gymnophalloides seoi in experimentally infected mice: Jong-Yil Chai, Hong-Soon Lee, Sung-Jong Hong, Jae Hyung Yoo, Sang-Mee Guk, Min Seo, Min-Ho Choi, Soon-Hyung Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(1):31-41.
Published online March 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.1.31

Abstract
PDF

The intestinal histopathology and in situ postures of Gymnophalloides seoi (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) were studied using C3H/HeN and C57BL/6 mice as experimental hosts; the effects of immunosuppression were also observed. The metacercariae isolated from naturally infected oysters, 300 or 1,000 in number, were infected orally to each mouse, and the mice were killed at days 3-21 post-infection (PI). In immunocompetent (IC) mice, only a small number of flukes were found in the mucosa of the duodenum and jejunum during days 3-7 PI, with their large oral suckers pinching and sucking the root of villi. The intestinal mucosa showed mild villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and inflammations in the villous stroma and crypt, with remarkable goblet cell hyperplasia. These mucosal changes were almost restored after days 14-21 PI. In immunosuppressed (IS) mice, displacement as well as complete loss of villi adjacent to the flukes was frequently encountered, otherwise the histopathology was generally mild, with minimal goblet cell hyperplasia. In these mice, numerous flukes were found, and it seemed that they were actively moving and rotating in situ. Several flukes were found to have invaded into the submucosa, almost facing the serosa. These results indicate that in IC mice the intestinal histopathology caused by G. seoi is generally mild, and the flukes do not penetrate beyond the mucosa, however, in IS mice, the flukes can cause severe destruction of neighboring villi, and some of them invade into the submucosa.

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Immune pathogenesis in pigeons during experimental Prohemistomum vivax infection
Asmaa M. I. Abuzeid, Mahmoud M. Hefni, Yue Huang, Long He, Tingting Zhuang, Guoqing Li
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Olfat A. Mahdy, Sahar Z. Abdel‐Maogood, Mohamed Abdelsalam, Mohamed Shaalan, Hisham A. Abdelrahman, Mai A. Salem
Aquaculture Research.2021; 52(9): 4475. CrossRef
Foodborne Intestinal Flukes in Southeast Asia
Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Hee Shin, Soon-Hyung Lee, Han-Jong Rim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(Suppl): S69. CrossRef
A new endemic focus of Gymnophalloides seoi infection on Aphae Island, Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do
Jae-Hwan Park, Sang-Mee Guk, Eun-Hee Shin, Hyo-Jin Kim, Jae-Lip Kim, Min Seo, Yun-Kyu Park, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2007; 45(1): 39. CrossRef
A case of colonic lymphoid tissue invasion by Gymnophalloides seoi in a Korean man
Min Seo, Hokyung Chun, Geunghwan Ahn, Kee-Taek Jang, Sang-Mee Guk, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2006; 44(1): 87. CrossRef
Gymnophalloides seoi: a new human intestinal trematode
Jong-Yil Chai, Min-Ho Choi, Jae-Ran Yu, Soon-Hyung Lee
Trends in Parasitology.2003; 19(3): 109. CrossRef
Food-borne intestinal trematode infections in the Republic of Korea
Jong-Yil Chai, Soon-Hyung Lee
Parasitology International.2002; 51(2): 129. CrossRef
A review of Gymnophalloides seoi (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) and human infections in the Republic of Korea
Soon-Hyung Lee, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2001; 39(2): 85. CrossRef

9,306 View
75 Download
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PCR-RFLP patterns of four isolates of Trichinella for rDNA ITS1 region: Hye Soo Kwon, Myung Sook Chung, Kyoung Hwan Joo; Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(1):43-48.
Published online March 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.1.43

Abstract
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We have studied the genetic differences among four isolates of Trichinella including a new strain of Trichinella spiralis (ISS 623) recently found from a human case who took a badger in Korea. Because they have a different host origin and came from geographically separated regions, we supposed the genetic pattern of the isolates might be different as had been previously reported. It was analysed by PCR-RFLP analysis of the rDNA repeat that can readily distinguish a species or strain from others. Isolated genomic DNA of each isolate of Trichinella larvae was amplified with ITS1 specific primers and digested with restriction endonucleases. The PCR product of ITS1 was confirmed using Southern blot analysis to be a 910 bp fragment. The restriction fragments of each isolate had variable patterns when it was digested with Rsa I only. According to the RFLP patterns, the estimated genetic divergence between each isolate was different. In conclusion, four isolates of Trichinella including a new strain of T. spiralis obtained from a Korean patient may have genetic differences in the ITS1 region and the Shanghai isolate was genetically more similar to the Japanese unknown isolate than others in the ITS1 region.

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K.D. Murrell
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Yixin Lu, Caixia Han, Jinyu Yang, Xiaoyun Li, Mingxin Song
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Yurong Yang, Wei Jian, Edoardo Pozio
Parasitology Research.2008; 103(6): 1355. CrossRef

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Detection and characterization of excretory/secretory proteins from Toxoplasma gondii by monoclonal antibodies: Eui-Sun Son, Ho-Woo Nam; Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(1):49-56.
Published online March 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.1.49

Abstract
PDF

Excretory/secretory proteins (ESP) from Toxoplasma gondii were analyzed to define the function in the penetration process into host cells. Whole ESP obtained at 37℃ were composed of 15 bands with molecular mass of 110, 97, 86, 80, 70, 60, 54, 42, 40, 36, 30, 28, 26, 22, and 19 kDa. Five ESP of 86, 80, 42, 36, and 28 kDa were reacted with monoclonal antibodies (mAb), named as Tg386 (microneme), Tg485 (surface membrane), Tg786 (rhoptry), Tg378, and Tg556 (both dense granules), respectively. The ESP was released by a temperature-dependent/-independent manner and all at once whenever ready to pour out except Tg786. Each ESP was not exhausted within the parasite but the amount was limited. Tg786 was released continuously with increment, whereas Tg378 and Tg556 were ceased to release after 3 and 4 hr. Dense granular Tg378 and Tg556 were released spontaneously and constitutively before the entry into host cells also. The entry of T. gondii was inhibited by all the mAbs differentially. And the parasite deprived of ESP was inhibited to enter exponentially up to 90.1%. It is suggested that ESP play an essential function to provide appropriate environment for the entry of the parasite into host cells.

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Eui-Sun Son, Kyoung-Ju Song, Jong-Chul Shin, Ho-Woo Nam
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Dong Yeob Cha, In Kwan Song, Gye Sung Lee, Ok-Sun Hwang, Hyung-Jun Noh, Seung-Dong Yeo, Dae-Whan Shin, Young-Ha Lee
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Molecular cloning and characterization of an antigenic protein with a repeating region from Clonorchis sinensis: Tae Yun Kim, Shin-Yong Kang, Il-Young Ahn, Seung-Yull Cho, Sung-Jong Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(1):57-66.
Published online March 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.1.57

Abstract
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In the course of immunoscreening of Clonorchis sinensis cDNA library, a cDNA CsRP12 containing a tandem repeat was isolated. The cDNA CsRP12 encodes two putative peptides of open reading frames (ORFs) 1 and 2 (CsRP12-1 and -2). The repetitive region is composed of 15 repeats of 10 amino acids. Of the two putative peptides, CsRP12-1 was proline-rich and found to have homologues in several organisms. Recombinant proteins of the putative peptides were bacterially produced and purified by an affinity chromatography. Recombinant CsRP12-1 protein was recognized by sera of clonorchiasis patients and experimental rabbits, but recombinant CsRP12-2 was not. One of the putative peptide, CsRP12-1, is designated CsPRA, proline-rich antigen of C. sinensis. Both the C-termini of CsRP12-1 and -2 were bacterially produced and analysed to show no antigenicity. Recombinant CsPRA protein showed high sensitivity and specificity. In experimental rabbits, IgG antibodies to CsPRA was produced between 4 and 8 weeks after the infection and decreased thereafter over one year. These results indicate that CsPRA is equivalent to a natural protein and a useful antigenic protein for serodiagnosis of human clonorchiasis.

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Toxoplasma gondii: Ultrastructural localization of specific antigens and inhibition of intracellular multiplication by monoclonal antibodies: Boo-Young Lee, Myoung-Hee Ahn, Hyun-Chul Kim, Duk-Young Min; Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(1):67-75.
Published online March 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.1.67

Abstract
PDF

This experiment was focused on the characterization of anti-Toxoplasma monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and the effect of mAbs on the parasite invasion of mouse peritoneal macrophages. Twenty eight mAbs including M110, M556, R7A6 and M621 were characterized by Ab titer, immunoglobulin isotyping and western blot pattern. Antibody titer (optical density) of 4 mAbs, M110, M556, R7A6 and M621, were 0.53, 0.67, 0.45 and 0.39 (normal mouse serum; 0.19) with the same IgG1 isotypes shown by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blot analysis showed that M110, M556, R7A6 and M621 reacted with the 33 kDa (p30), 31 kDa (p28), 43 kDa and 36 kDa protein. Immunogold labelling of mAbs M110, M556, R7A6 and M621 reacted with the surface membrane, dense granules and parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (PVM), rhoptries and cytoplasm of tachyzoite, respectively. For in vitro assay, preincubation of tachyzoites with four mAbs, M110, M556, R7A6 and M621 resulted in the decrease of the number of infected macrophages (p < 0.05) and the suppression of parasite multiplication at 18 h postinfection. Four monoclonal antibodies including M110 (SAG1) were found to have an important role in the inhibition of macrophage invasion and T. gondii multiplication in vitro, and these mAbs may be suitable for vaccine candidates, diagnostic kit and for chemotherapy.

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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2001; 39(3): 233. CrossRef

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Case Report

Two imported cases of cutaneous larva migrans: Jin-Woo Park, Sang-Jin Kwon, Jae-Sook Ryu, Eun-Kyung Hong, Jung-Uk Lee, Hee-Joon Yu, Myoung-Hee Ahn, Duk-Young Min; Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(1):77-81.
Published online March 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.1.77

Abstract
PDF

Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is a rare serpiginous cutaneous eruption caused by accidental penetration and migration in the skin with infective larvae of nematode that normally do not have the human as their host. Although CLM has a worldwide distribution, the infection is most frequent in warmer climates. More recently, they have been increasingly imported from the tropics or subtropics by travelers. We experienced two patients who had pruritic serpiginous linear eruption in their skin for a few weeks after traveling to the endemic areas (Brazil and Thailand, respectively). After the treatment with albendazole, the skin lesions resolved with post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. We report herein two cases of cutaneous larva migrans successfully treated with albendazole.

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