During May-July, 1978 a survey on the prevalence of C.
hepatica among house rat(Rattus norvegicus Erxl.) and wild mice (Mus musailus molossinus and Microtus mandarinus) in two districts in Seoul was carried out. Approximately 38 percent of 1,000 house rats examined were infected. Rat population as an established group in Ahyundong, neighbouring the city, revealed 39.2 percent of infection among 660 house rats, and that as newly formed group in Shinrimdong, a developing residential quarter on the southern outskirts of Seoul showed 35.9 percent among 340 rats. Infection rate of females and males was 38.9 percent and 37.2 percent respectively. Differences of infection rates by locality and sex were not statistically significant. It was very interesting that none of 64 wild mice were infected with this parasite in both districts.
Some probable factors which are related on C. hepatica infection among rats were discussed briefly.
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In Ascaris lumbricoides infection, the faecal examination, undertaking for ova detection, is not always diagnostic. It is just because some of the infected cases has Ascaris worm(s) which do not produce eggs. In the present study, the authors attempted to analyse quantitatively the egg discharging patterns in Ascaris infected cases with low worm burden. The following results were obtained: In 1,861 Ascaris worms collected from 853 cases, the sex ratio was 1: 0.74 (female: male). Sex combinations in each burden of case were always fitted with theoretical values from the binomial distribution; (m+f)(n)= (0.426+0.574)(n). In each worm burden, their sex combination indicated different egg discharging patterns; false negative cases, unfertilized ova passers and fertilized ova passers. When the relative frequency of the above three egg discharging patterns was plotted to worm burden per case, a definite relationship was found. The cases with six or more worms have nil probability to be false negative case or unfertilized ova passer. Out of 853 cases, we found 129 false negative cases. The collected worms from 125 cases were morphologically analysed. It was found that 52% of them were infected with only male worm(s) and 24% were infected with young female worm(s). And in 8.8%, old female(s) with empty uterus were infected. The cause of 15.2% was remained unexplained, even though the collected worms were scrutinized.
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Prevalence, worm burden and other epidemiological parameters of Ascaris lumbricoides infection in rural communities in Korea Jong Yil Chai, Koo Soo Kim, Sung Tae Hong, Soon Hyung Lee, Byong Seol Seo The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1985; 23(2): 241. CrossRef
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This study was undertaken to figure out the basic patterns of the frequency distribution of Ascaris lumbricoides in rural Koreans and to find out the effects of changing endemicity on the frequency distribution pattern. Total 853 cases in 6 areas were surveyed from November 1975 to February 1978. The mean ova positive rate was 33.1% and in the range from 23.9 to 66.7% by the surveyed unit. From the analyses of the collected data, the following results were obtained. The overdispersion pattern of worm burden per case was mathematically fitted both to the theoretical values of the negative binomial and Poly-Eggenberger distributions.
However, when "0" and lower burden cases were considered, the better fitness was observed in the negative binomial than in Polya-Eggenberger distribution. Although the endemicity of Ascaris is changed, the relative frequency of the lower burden cases is rather constant. The false negative rate of stool examination and unfertilized ova passers in the population were not changed significantly according to the endemicity. And the rate of unfertilized ova passers in infected cases was increased when the endemicity was lowered. From the above results, it is concluded that the overdispersed frequency distribution pattern of Ascaris in an endiemic area is changed by the relatively rapid decrease of heavy burden cases and increase of non-infected cases according to the lowered endemicity due to the impact of the control.
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Community control of Ascaris lumbricoides in rural Oyo State, Nigeria: mass, targeted and selective treatment with levamisole S. O. Asaolu, C. V. Holland, D. W. T. Crompton Parasitology.1991; 103(2): 291. CrossRef
Epidemiology and control of ascariasis in Korea B S Seo The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(Suppl): 49. CrossRef
The relationship between the frequency distribution of Ascaris lumbricoides and the prevalence and intensity of infection in human communities H. L. Guyatt, D. A. P. Bundy, G. F. Medley, B. T. Grenfell Parasitology.1990; 101(1): 139. CrossRef
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The weight/length profiles of Ascaris lumbricoides within a human community before mass treatment and following reinfection D. B. Elkins, M. Haswell-Elkins Parasitology.1989; 99(2): 293. CrossRef
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The epidemiology and control of intestinal helminths in the Pulicat Lake region of Southern India. I. Study design and pre- and post-treatment observations on Ascaris lumbricoides infection D.B. Elkins, M. Haswell-Elkins, R.M. Anderson Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.1986; 80(5): 774. CrossRef
Prevalence, worm burden and other epidemiological parameters of Ascaris lumbricoides infection in rural communities in Korea Jong Yil Chai, Koo Soo Kim, Sung Tae Hong, Soon Hyung Lee, Byong Seol Seo The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1985; 23(2): 241. CrossRef
Seasonal variations of metacercarial density of Clonorchis sinensis in fish intermediate host, Pseudorasbora parva Shin Yong Kang, Suk Il Kim, Seung Yull Cho The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1985; 23(1): 87. CrossRef
Epidemiological studies on Ascaris lumbricoides reinfection in rural communities in Korea 1. The relationship between prevalence and monthly reinfection rate Jong Yil Chai The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1983; 21(2): 135. CrossRef
The detectability of helminth eggs from feces by cellophane thick smear technique Jong Yil Chai, Young Tae Yang, Soon Hyung Lee, Byong Seol Seo The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1982; 20(1): 14. CrossRef
Fluctuation of the egg production amounts according to worm burden and length of Ascaris lumbricoides Jong Yil Chai, Sung Tae Hong, Soon Hyung Lee, Byong Seol Seo The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1981; 19(1): 38. CrossRef
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To understand the mode of transmission in clonorchiasis, a survey was made in Kim-hae Goon, South Kyong-sang Do (=Province). The mathematical analysis of the age prevalence was done on the egg positive rates. And another analysis for the comparison was also made to the cited data from two areas, North Kyong-sang Do and Ko-yang Goon, Kyong-gi Do.
Some catalytic models of H. Muench (1959) were applied to the observed age prevalence. Because the both parameters, such as force of infection(a) and loss of positivity(b) were considered to be constant for a long period in the surveyed area, the two stage catalytic model by Muench was chosen to the analysis. In the surveyed area, Kim-hae Goon where the egg positive rates were 56.2 percent and 61.2 percent (by Kim, 1974), the constant values of 'a' were found to be 0.051 and 0.089 respectively. In other words, the force of infection was 51, 89 per 1,000 susceptibles. The values of 'b' were found to be 0.006 and 0.005. This means that the rates of disappearance from egg positive cases to negative were 6 and 5 per annum per l,000 positive cases in above area. Therefore, the two catalytic curves were expressed by the following equations, y = 1.133 {e(-0.006t) - e(-0.051t)} and y = 1.047 {e(-0.005t) - e(-0.089t)} respectively. In the cases of North Kyong-sang Do and Ko-yang Goon, Kyong-gi Do where the egg positive rates of clonorchis shown as 27.7 percent and 15.2 percent by Shin (1964) and Kim (l974), the curves were expressed by y = 1.769 {e(-0.010t) - e(-0.034t)} and y = 2.857 {e(-0.020t) - e(-0.027t)} respectively. From the above mathematical analyses by age prevalence in clonorchiasis, it was considered that the mode of transmission of clonorchiasis in the surveyed area, Kim-hae Goon presented more rapid pattern than those of North Kyong-sang Do and Ko-yang Goon, Kyong-gi Do.
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The present work was to observe the wormicidal effects of the external mucous substance of Carassius carassius and Pseudorasbora parva on cercaria, metacercaria (liberating) and adult of Clonorchis sinensis. The mucous substance which was extracted by ether was separated into various spots on the silica gel thin layer chromatography and separated into various fractions in the silica gel column chromatography, using petroleum ether(30 percent) and chloroform(70 percent) as solvent. R(f) 0.952 value of the silica gel thin layer chromatography and the first fraction (reddish yellow) frorn the silica gel column chromatography of the ether extracts from C. carassius had the wormicidal effect on all of the developing stages of C. sinensis. Cercaria was killed within 14 minutes, metacercaria within 27 minutes and adult 2.5 hours by the first fraction. But in the normal saline solution (control) and in the other fraction, cercaria and metacercaria were alive more than 24 hours and adult more than 72 hours. The extracts from the mucous substance of P.
parva that is well penetrated by cercaria had no wormicidal effect on them.
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Since the pattern of the frequency distribution of a parasite within a host showed an overdispersed pattern, various statistical models such as Poisson, negative binomial and lognormal distributions have been applied on the population dynamics in host-parasite relations. The observed data on the number of metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis in a suitable intermediate host, Pseudorasbora parva which were collected from an endemic area, Juk-Rim River, Kim-Hae Goon, South Kyong-Sang Do were applied on the statistical models. The results obtained are as follows: By the calculation of the raw data, 258(94.9 percent) out of 272 fish showed positive to the metacercarial infection of C. sinensis. The mean number of metacercaria in a fish was 335.1. The standard deviation was 250.6 and the mode was observed between 250 and 299. The frequency distribution pattern of metacercariae of C. sinensis within the fish host in surveyed area was fitted to the lognormal distribution (0.05
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Prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis Metacercariae in Fish from Water Systems of Seomjin-gang (River) Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Mi-Yeoun Park, Cheon-Hyeon Kim, Min-Ah Hwang, Kyeong-Woo No, Ki-Bok Yoon, Hyun-Cheol Lim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(3): 305. CrossRef
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A pathological study was done to elucidate sequential changes of the lungs in various time intervals following experimental paragonimiasis in 15 dogs and 15 cats. The dogs and cats were fed with 30-50 metacercariae of Paragonimus westermani, and were sacrificed at 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 days after infection respecively. Autopsies were performed immediately after death. Gross and microscopic examination of the lungs showed following findings: There were no qualitative difference in pathological findings between dogs and cats. Pathological findings were first noticed at 20 days of infection in thoracic cavity, which consisted of fibrinous plueritis along with superficial hemorrhage. Although no worm was found in the lung parenchyma at this period, juveniles were seen in pleural cavity together with turbid effusion. Paragonimus juveniles were first recognized inside the lung parenchyma by 30 days of infection. This was the period when the lungs showed multiple areas of hemorrhage and probably active penetration by smaller worms. Hemorrhagic bronchopneumonia was quite pronounced from this stage through 45 days of infection.
Paragonimus worm cyst was essentially composed of fibrous scar and heavy inflammatory cellular infiltrate. The lining epithelial cells were first became noticed by 2 months of infection. And these epithelial cells were thought to be probably transformed alveolar lining cells rather than bronchiolar epithelial cells. As the infection progress, the cyst wall became more stabilized and often showed squamous metaplasia. Fibrinous pleuritis with pleural effusion was very prominent finding in early periods of infection.
Bronchiolitis and focal vascular sclerosis were often seen in experimental paragonimiasis.
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Paragonimiasis: A Pictorial Essay Kyung Nyeo Jeon, Mi Jung Park, Kyungsoo Bae, Hae Young Choi, Ho Cheol Choi, Jae Boem Na, Dae Seob Choi, Ho Cheol Kim, In Seok Jang, Dong Chul Kim Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology.2013; 69(5): 365. CrossRef
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In an attempt to investigate the antigen-antibody relations and the value of immunodiagnosis for several helminths, Ouchterlony tests and immunoelectrophoreses were carried out. Taenia saginata, Cysticercus sp. of cestodes, Clonorchis sinensis, Fasciola hepatica and Paramphistomum sp. of trematodes,and Ascaris suum of nematodes were used as antigens. On the other hand, antisera were obtained by injecting 0.5 ml each of the above antigens and the same amount of complete Freund's adjuvant into rabbits ten times at an interval of one week. The result obtained in this study are as follows: A larger number of precipitin arcs were demonstrated in homologous antigen-antibody reactions than in heterologous antigen-antibody reactions both in Ouchterlony tests and immunoelectrophoreses. Gross reactions were observed between the different species of the same class, but no cross reactions were noticed when the classes were different with one or two exceptions, such as between T. saginata, F. hepatica and A. suum. In A. suum, the difference between the male and female was more distinct in Ouchterlony test and immunoelectrophoresis than in the examination of organs such as genital organ and coeliac fluid. Immunoelectrophoresis revealed specific arcs and higher sensitive reaction than Ouchterlony test, and was considered to be a more valuable method for identifing species and immunological diagnosis.
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