The amebicidal activity of traditional anitiamoebic drug (emetine, carbasone, diodoquin, chloroquine, atabrine, chloramphenicol and tertracycline) and newly appeared chemicals(niridazole, metronidazole and No. 8603 substance) were assayed by in vitro experiment using five strains of human originated E, histolytica. The variety of amebicidal activity of drugs by the strains were discussed. Ranges of amoebicidal activity of traditional antiamoebic drugs kept almost similar titers of previous reports at the concentration; 1:5,000 to 1:20,000 with emetine hydrochloride, 1:10.000 to 1:20,000 with carbarsone, 1:8,000 to 1:16,000 with diodoquin, 1:50,000 with chloroquine, 1:1,000 to 1: 4,000 with atabrine ,1:1,000 to 1:2,000 with chloramphencol and 1:5,000 to 1:8,000 with tetracycline. The newly appeared chemicals showed higher amebicidal titres at the concentration; 1:500,000 to 1:5,000,000 with niridazole, 1:50,000 to 1:100,000 with metronidazol and 1:100,000 to 1:500,000 with No.8603 substance. Emetine, chloramphenicol and No. 8603 substance showed amebicidal activities at lower concentration to intestine originated amebae (YS 14, YS 15 and NAMRU II strain) than to liver originated amebae (YS 24 and YS 25 strain ), while carbarsone, chloroquine and metronidazole showed the activity at higher concentrations.
Diodoquin showed lower amebicidal titres to trophozoite borne amebae (NAMRU II, YS 24 and YS 25 strain) than to cyst borne amebae(YS 14 and YS 15 strain), but niridazole showed converse results. The concentration of atabrine for amebicidal activity was not constant according to strains of the amoeba, but tetracycline showed almost settled titers.
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Parasitic Amebae in Korea Chin Thack Soh The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1981; 19(Suppl): 5. CrossRef
The metacercariae of Metagonimus yokogawai were isolated from the sweetfish Plecoglossus altivelis, clollected at Hwagae, South Kyongsang Do, one of the newly known endemic foci of metagonimiasis in Korea. The body structure of metacercaria of M.yokogawai was described and the measurements of the excysted metacercaria were also made. In order to know the distribution of metacercariae within the host, the rate of infection and the intensity of infection, a total of 10 sweet fishes was examined and it was found all infected, from which a total of 38,511 metacercariae was isolated. The number of metacercariae in a fish varied from 219 to 14,427. The average number of metacercaria per fish was 3,851. The distribution of metacercariae in the four divided parts of fish was observed in the following order; number of metacercaria in the muscles; 2,417 (62.8%), in the subcutaneous tissues; 1,126.9 (29.3%), and on the scale; 291.9(7.7%). The development of the metacercaria of M.
yokogawai in the mouse host was experimentally traced every day for 10 days after infection . In an earlier period of infection, the growth rate of the genital primordia was distinctly high, particularly in the testes. The seminal receptable and seminal vesicle became clearly recognized in measurable size at 4 days after infection. The vitelline follicles and their ducts were also first visible in the living specimens at 6 days after infection. The oral sucker was larger in size than the ventral sucker in an early stage of the worms, however after 7 days after infection it reversed. The posterior part of body began to extend since two days after infection. Fully matured worms were able to collect only after 7 days after infection. At this stage, the body of worm became 0.7 mm long and 0.3 mm wide. The first positive appearance of eggs in the uterine tubule and in feces was on the 6th day and 10th day of infection, respectively. In an earlier stage of infection, the worms were found mostly in the upper portion of small intestine and the recovery rates of the worms were high, however according to the course of infection in later stage they were seen rather in the lower part of the intestine and the recovery rate also decreased.
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Prevalence ofMetagonimusMetacercariae in Sweetfish,Plecoglossus altivelis, from Eastern and Southern Coastal Areas in Korea Shin-Hyeong Cho, Tong-Soo Kim, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2011; 49(2): 161. CrossRef
Geographical distribution of Metagonimus yokogawai and M. miyatai in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, and their site preferences in the sweetfish, Plecoglossus altivelis, and hamsters Hideto Kino, Tohru Suzuki, Hisaji Oishi, Saeko Suzuki, Shizuko Yamagiwa, Mitsuru Ishiguro Parasitology International.2006; 55(3): 201. CrossRef
Invasion of Metagonimus yokogawai into the submucosal layer of the small intestine of immunosuppressed mice J Y Chai, J Kim, S H Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1995; 33(4): 313. CrossRef
Recovery rate, growth and development of Heterophyopsis continua in experimental chicks S J Hong, S H Lee, J Y Chai, B S Seo The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(1): 53. CrossRef
Infection status of sweetfish from Kwangjung-stream and Namdae-stream in Yangyang-gun, Kangwon-do with the metacercariae ofMetagonimus yokogawai W M Sohn, S T Hong, J Y Chai, S H Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(4): 253. CrossRef
Studies on the Metagonimus fluke in the Daecheong reservoir and the upper stream of Geum river, Korea Chong Hwan Kim, Nam Man Kim, Chan Hyun Lee, Jin Suk Park The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1987; 25(1): 69. CrossRef
Growth and development of Pygidiopsis summa in rats and mice with a supplementary note on its morphological characters Jong Yil Chai, Byong Seol Seo, Soon Hyung Lee, Sung Tae Hong The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1986; 24(1): 55. CrossRef
Studies on the intestinal fluke, Metagonimus yokogawai Katsurada, 1912 in Korea Geographical distribution of sweetfish and infection status with Metagonimus metacercaria in south-eastern area of Korea Chul Yong Song, Soon Hyung Lee, Sang Rin Jeon The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1985; 23(1): 123. CrossRef
Study on Metagonimus yokogawai(Katsurada, 1912) in Korea VII. Electron microscopic observation on the tegumental structure Soon Hyung Lee, Byong Seol Seo, Jong Yil Chai, Sung Jong Hong The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1984; 22(1): 1. CrossRef
Study on Metagonimus yokogawai(Katsurada, 1912) in Korea VII. Susceptibility of various strains of mice to Metagonimus infection and effect of Prednisolone Jong Yil Chai, Byong Seol Seo, Soon Hyung Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1984; 22(2): 153. CrossRef
A study on intestinal lesions of experimentally reinfected dogs with Metagonimus yokogawai Shin Yong Kang, Seung Yull Cho, Jong Yil Chai, Jung Bin Lee, Du Hwan Jang The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1983; 21(1): 58. CrossRef
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Epidemiological studies on Clonorchis sinensis infection along the Nam-river in Gyeongnam province, Korea Kyoung Hoon Bae, Yung Kyum Ahn, Chin Thack Soh, Hiroshi Tsutsumi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1983; 21(2): 167. CrossRef
Study on Metagonimus yokogawai (Katsurada, 1912) in Korea VI.The geographical distribution of metacercarial infection in sweetfish along the East and South Coast Byong Seol Seo, Sung Tae Hong, Jong Yil Chai, Soon Hyung Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1982; 20(1): 28. CrossRef
Study on the Metagonimus sp. in Gum river basin, Chungchung-nam Do, Korea Chong Hwan Kim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1980; 18(2): 215. CrossRef
Epidemiological conditions of Metagonimus yokogawai infection in Hadong Gun, Gyeongsang Nam Do Dong Chan Kim, On Young Lee, Eui Beom Jeong The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1979; 17(1): 51. CrossRef
Demonstration of Metagonimus yokogawai metacercariae from Plecoglossus altivelis in river Ahnseong, Kyungpook province, Korea Jong Woo Suh, Dong Wik Choi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1979; 17(1): 45. CrossRef
Anthelmintic effects of various drugs against metagonimiasis Han Jong Rim, Dong Sun Chu, Joon Sang Lee, Kyoung Hwan Joo, Chang Yong Won The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1978; 16(2): 117. CrossRef
Epidemiological study on Metagonimus yokogawai infection along Boseong River in Jeonra Nam Do, Korea Chin Thack Soh, Yung Kyum Ahn The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1978; 16(1): 1. CrossRef
Study on Metagonimus yokogawai(Katsurada, 1912) in Korea IV. An epidemiological investigation along Tamjin River basin, South Cholla Do, Korea Jong Yil Chai, Seung Yull Cho, Byong Seol Seo The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1977; 15(2): 115. CrossRef
Metacercarial density of Metagonimus yokogawai in Plecoglossus altivelis in Kyungpook province, Korea Jae Taeck Hwang, Dong Wik Choi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1977; 15(1): 30. CrossRef
Radioactive (14)C-glucose(U) was given to Clonorchis sinensis in Tris buffer medium, in corder to trace the metabolic fate of the labelled carbon. The labelled carbon from glucose enters into intermediary metabolites and end products of anaeroblic glycolysis, Embden-Meyerhof pathway, and of aerobic Krebs cycle. These product were identified by one or two-dimensional paper chromatography in combination with autoradoigraphy. The labelled metabolites detected in this experiment corresponded to pyruvic acid, latic acid, malic acid, succinic acid and fumaric acid. Amino acids, such as alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, valine, theronine, and serine, derived by the degradation of (14)C- glycose were also found. Labelled compounds behaving like alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid were observed in the chroma to gram of incubation medium. The preciptation which suggests a positive reaction for protein occured when absolute ethanol was added to the incubation medium.
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Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a glucose transporter (CsGLUT) in Clonorchis sinensis
Seong Kyu Ahn, Pyo Yun Cho, Byoung-Kuk Na, Sung-Jong Hong, Ho-Woo Nam, Woon-Mok Sohn, Bernadette F. Ardelli, Yun-Kyu Park, Tong-Soo Kim, Seok Ho Cha Parasitology Research.2016; 115(1): 347. CrossRef
Bile components and amino acids affect survival of the newly excysted juvenile Clonorchis sinensis in maintaining media Shunyu Li, Tae Im Kim, Won Gi Yoo, Pyo Yun Cho, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong Parasitology Research.2008; 103(5): 1019. CrossRef
Cloning and expression of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase of Clonorchis sinensis
Nancai Zheng, Baoming Huang, Jin Xu, Shansheng Huang, Jinzhong Chen, Xuchu Hu, Chaoneng Ji, Kang Ying, Xinbing Yu Parasitology Research.2008; 102(5): 989. CrossRef
Analysis of the genes expressed in Clonorchis sinensis adults using the expressed sequence tag approach Ji-Sook Lee, Jongweon Lee, Soon-Jung Park, Tai-Soon Yong Parasitology Research.2003; 91(4): 283. CrossRef
Molecular cloning and immunological characterization of phosphoglycerate kinase from Clonorchis sinensis Sung-Jong Hong, Kee-Young Seong, Woon-Mok Sohn, Kye-Yong Song Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology.2000; 108(2): 207. CrossRef
Autoradiographic studies on the uptake and distribution of C(14)-glucose by Paragonimus westermani Young Ok Park The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1971; 9(1): 9. CrossRef
Autoradiographic studies on the uptake of C(14)-succinic acid by Clonorchis sinensis Seung Soo Han The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1971; 9(1): 17. CrossRef
A study on the Aedes togoi to find out important biological and ecological factors as an efficient vector of filariasis, was carried out on Che-Ju Island for two years from 1968 though 1969. Results obtained are as followings: Geographical distribution of the mosquito breeding habitat was found to be extensive covering circular areas of about three km distance along the shore line. The main breeding sites were rockpools and smaller holes on rocks retaining tide and/or rain water with high larval density; water tanks, pots, and other artificial containers retaining only rain water around the houses located within the area with relatively low larval density. Species constitution of adult mosquitos collected in the study villages consisted largely of Aedes togoi with a range of 70-90 per cent by village.
The pH of the breeding sites ranged from 5.0 to l0.0, and the chloride content from 0.01 to 28.75 (gm/l). More than fifty per cent of examined sites, however, had pH 5.6-6.5 and chloride content of less than 1.0 gm/1. The natural infection rate of A. togoi by filaria showed proportional relationships with microfilaria rates among the human population by area. Experimental infection of A. togoi by human and dog filaria demonstrated that this species is an efficient vector for both filaria species proved by natural infection as well as experimental infection. Susceptibility of both larva and adult of A. togoi to insecticide, DDT and dieldrin, showed considerable sensitivity in all villages tested.
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In order to observe the complement fixation test and immuno-diffusion test of paragonimiasis, the sera taken at 10 days intervals up to 150 days from cats infected with Paragonimus westermani were examined by the above two immunological methods. The resultant findings were as follows: The complement fixation test showed positive reaction 20 days after the infection with 20 metacercariae, and 40-50 days after the infection with 10 metacercariae.
The highest titer was observed 110 days later following the acceleration at 80 days later. In immuno-diffusion test, one are appeared 30 days after the infection with 20 metacercariae, but 60 days after the infection with 10 metacercariae. However, more than two arcs were observed since 70 days after infection. A relatively wide band appeared by the antigens of Fresh worm material and Somatic material. But relatively clear precipitin lines were observed in the diffusion test with V.B.S. antigen, increasing to 3-4 arcs after 110days. In general, complement fixation test showed earlier and higher sensitive reaction than immuno-diffusion test, and was considered to be more valuable method forr immunological diagnosis.
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Paragonimus and paragonimiasis in Korea D W Choi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(Suppl): 79. CrossRef
ELISA of paragonimiasis in cat by crude and purified antigens of Paragonimus westermani Ok Ran Lee, Jae Kyung Chang The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1986; 24(2): 187. CrossRef
Agar-gel precipitin reactions in experimental paragonimiasis Won Young Choi, Ok Ran Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1981; 19(2): 101. CrossRef
Analysis of protein components at varioue stages of Clonorchis sinensis Won Young Choi, Young Kwan Jin, Ok Ran Lee, Woon Gyu Kim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1981; 19(1): 8. CrossRef
Immunoelectrophoretic studies of several helminths Won Young Choi, Ok Ran Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1979; 17(2): 147. CrossRef
A histopathologic study of the lungs infected with Paragonimus westermani in the dog Ok Ran Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1979; 17(1): 19. CrossRef
Immunoelectrophoresis for anthelmintics evaluation against experimental paragonimiasis Won Young Choi, Kimihiko Kimura, Moriyasu Tsuji The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1976; 14(2): 94. CrossRef
A survey on the prevalence of intestinal parasites was performed during the period from April to June of 1969, to evaluate the present status of parasitic infections in ROK Army soldiers. Stool specimens of 1,0l2 soldiers were collected from a camp located in Won-Ju area, and examined by the method of formalin-ether sedimentation technique. For protozoan cysts, examined slide was stained with Lugol's iodine solution and for eggs of Enterobius, the Graham's scotch cellulose tape anal swab technique was applied. The results obtained in this survey were as follows: Of the 1,012 soldiers examined, 95.0 percent were found infected by one or more intestinal parasites and 28.7 percent were found positive for protozoan cysts. The positive rates of each parasites were; A. lumbricoides 61.0 percent, T. trichiurus 73.4 percent, hookworm 17.5 percent, T. orientalis 9.5 percent, E. vermicularis 0.1 percent (from stool specimen), C. sinensis 8.8 percent, M. yokogawai 1.1 percent, Taenia sp. 1.0 percent (from stool), H. nana 0.3 percent and E.
histolytica 7.4 percent. E. coli 12.6 percent, E. nana 5.9 percent, I. buetchlii 0.7 pecent, G. lamblia 6.1 percent, and C. mesnili 0.8 percent. From the anal swabs, eggs of Enterobius were recovered in 2.6 percent, and eggs of Taenia sp. showed positive rate of 1.5 percent.
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War on Two Fronts: The Fight against Parasites in Korea and Vietnam Mark Harrison, Sung Vin Yim Medical History.2017; 61(3): 401. CrossRef
A survey on intestinal parasites of soldiers in Korea Sung Tae Hong The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1986; 24(2): 213. CrossRef
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Parasitologial studies of Korean Forces in South Vietnam II. A comparative study on the incidences of intestinal parasites Joong Ho Kim, Jong June Yoon, Soon Hyung Lee, Byong Seol Seo The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1970; 8(1): 30. CrossRef
A study on the infection status of intermediate hosts of Paragonimus, snail and crab, was conducted on Che Ju Island for four years to understand ecology of Paragonimus in the area and to evalute the control program by mass chemotherapy The infection rate of the first intermediate host of Paragonimus, snail, showed higher rate in the area where human association was more frequent and had higher human infection rate compared with the area with lower human infection and less contact by people. Larger snails were infected more frequently than smaller ones. After the mass treatment on human population, the infection rate of snail dropped markedly in four years. The infection rate and the intensity of infection of crabs were influenced by many factors:by frequency of human association, by prevalence of paragonimiasis in the population and volume of water flow, dilution effect. The distribution of metacercariae in infected crabs varied by body sites; the most frequently in gill, next in legs, internal organs and thoracic muscle in order. If crabs were examined for existence of metacercariae only gills, about 6% of infected crabs of may be missed as negative. The infection status of the crabs was not different by distance from the actual site of pollution.
Also seasonal fluctuation of crab infection was not remakable. The crab infection by size showed time sequence of exposure; smaller crabs had lower infection rate and metacercaria density reaching to the maximum by 3 cm of size. As shown in the snail infection, the crab infection remarkably decreased after the control measure of human paragonimiasis, mass chemotherapy, in four years.
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Korean molluscs as auxiliary hosts for parasites: A study of implications for pathogen transmission in a changing climate Gab-Man Park The Korean Journal of Malacology.2012; 28(1): 13. CrossRef
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Paragonimus and paragonimiasis in Korea D W Choi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(Suppl): 79. CrossRef
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The life cycle of Eurytrema pancreaticum has been studied locally at Chejudo (Quelpart Island) in Korea, and found a land snail, Acusta despecta Gray served as the first intermediate host of the pancreatic fluke. The second intermediate host of the fluke also has been surveyed there, the tettigoniid grasshoppers, Conocephalus maculatus Le Guillon and C. gladiatius Redtenbacher. The land snail, Acusta despecta Gray, is acquired infection with the eggs of the fluke in the autum, then the miracidia grow in the liver of the land snails and become mother sporocysts through the winter. After one mother sporocyst has been divided into many spindle shaped daughter sporocysts during spring session, the fully matured daughter sporocysts penetrate into the membrane of mantle cavity in the land snail, and then, pass actively the membrane between June and July. The daughter sporocysts are eaten by the tettigoniid grasshoppers, C. maculatus and C. gladiatus, through the summer and autumn. Cercariae in the grasshoppers grow for about 20 days, and become matured metacercariae in the abdominal cavity. Finally, the matured metacercariae together with the grasshoppers are eaten by their final hosts; goat, rabbit, etc. The artificial infection with the metacercariae of the pancreatic fluke to rabbit as the final host in laboratory room was carried out successfully. The miracidia have been forced out by pressure from the eggs incubated at 20-25 C could live more than three hours swimming around the medium under the microscope.
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The anthelminthic effect of phenylene-diisothiocyanate-(1,4)(=Jonit) was studied on the eighty three cases infected with Ancylostoma duodenale. For the evalution, the number of eggs per gram of feces on all these cases was calculated before treatment. The follow-up for the egg reduction was carried out over a period of four weeks. The sixty-seven cases were treated in dosage schedule of 3 x 100 mg every 12 hours. The cure rates - the rate of negative conversion of eggs - was 74.6 percent and the total egg reduction rate of 94.2% was obtained. The ten out of 14 cases treated in the dosage schedule of 2 x 100 mg every 12 hours showed 100% egg reduction and the cure rate was 71.4%.
In this group. the total egg reduction rate of 78.6% was noted. In the dosage schedule of 2 x 50 mg every 12 hours the remainder, two out of total 83 cases showed 100% egg reduction. Side effects were observed as being mild, 51 cases (56.6%) were free of side reactions and the most frequently noted side effects were vertigo and diarrhea.
From the above results, it is concluded that Jonit is an effective antheminthic against Ancylostoma duodenale and its effectiveness is quite equivalent to that of a known recommended anti-hookworm products.
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