Various conditions of cultures were performed to investigate the role of tight junctions formed between adjacent MDCK cells on the entry of Toxoplasma. When MDCK cells were cocultured with excess number of Toxoplasma at the seeding density of 1 x 10(5), 3 x 10(5), and 5 x 10(5) cells/ml for 4 days, the number of intracellular parasites decreased rapidly as the host cells reached saturation density, i.e., the formation of tight junctions. When the concentration of calcium in the media (1.8 mM in general) was shifted to 5 microM that resulted in the elimination of tight junction, the penetration of Toxoplasma increased about 2-fold (p less than 0.05) in the saturated culture, while that of non-saturated culture decreased by half. Trypsin-EDTA which was treated to conquer the tight junctions of saturated culture favored the entry of Toxoplasma about 2.5-fold (p less than 0.05) compared to the non-treated, while that of non-saturated culture decreased to about one fifth. It was suggested that the tight junctions of epithelial cells play a role as a barrier for the entry of Toxoplasma and Toxoplasma penetrate into host cells through membrane structure-specific, i.e., certain kind of receptors present on the basolateral rather than apical surface of MDCK cells.
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Detection and characterization of excretory/secretory proteins from Toxoplasma gondii by monoclonal antibodies Eui-Sun Son, Ho-Woo Nam The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2001; 39(1): 49. CrossRef
Effects of gamma-irradiation on intracellular proliferation of Toxoplasma gondii RH tachyzoites J Kook, S H Oh, C K Yun, J Y Chai The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1995; 33(3): 173. CrossRef
Comparative susceptibility of different cell lines for culture of Toxoplasma gondii in vitro B K Park, H R Moon, J R Yu, J Kook, J Y Chai, S H Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1993; 31(3): 215. CrossRef
Inhibition of entry of Toxoplasma gondii into MDCK cells by fetal bovine serum H W Nam, D J Kim, S K Park, W Y Choi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1993; 31(4): 379. CrossRef
Cell cycle-dependent entry of Toxoplasma gondii into synchronized HL-60 cells J H Youn, H W Nam, D J Kim, Y M Park, W K Kim, W S Kim, W Y Choi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1991; 29(2): 121. CrossRef
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of paragonimiasis iloktsuenensis rat sera was performed using crude antigens of Paragonimus iloktsuenensis (PIA), P. westermani (PWA) and Clonorchis sinensis (CSA). Three crude antigens (PIA, PWA, CSA) were prepared to saline homogenated supernatants of whole adult worms. Infected rat sera were obtained biweekly from the albino rats fed 50-80 metacercariae of P.
iloktsuenensis through gastric catheter. Experimental groups were divided into 4 groups: GI (controls), GII, GIII and GIV according to 1-7 worms as GII, 10-19 worms as GIII and 22-40 worms as GIV, respectively. In ELISA, the mean OD values of each group for the homologous antigen (PIA) were increased significantly compared to the control sera at the 4th week of infection. With the progress of duration of infection, the mean OD values of infected sera of GII & GIV continuously increased up to the 12th week (last week), but in GIII the mean OD value increased until the 10th week. No significance was noted among the infection dose groups (GII, GIII and GIV), after the 6th week of infection. Also, the OD values of all infected rats did not show any proportional relationships to the number of worms recovered. In brief, the antibody productivity of individual rats were strongly different. The rat sera infected with P. iloktsuenensis cross-reacted with those infected with P. westermani or C.
sinensis, as identified by OD values.
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Immunoelectron microscopic localization of partially purified antigens in adult Paragonimus iloktsuenensis Ok-Ran Lee, Pyung-Rim Chung The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2001; 39(2): 119. CrossRef
Ultrastructural antigenic localization in Paragonimus iloktsuenensis during developmental stage by immunogold labeling method H S Kim, O R Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1995; 33(4): 365. CrossRef
The employees at the Pohang industrial area, where Clonorchis sinensis has been known to be endemic along the Hyungsan River, were examined parasitologically for clonorchiasis and a part of the infected cases were surveyed with a questionnaire to outline the recent infection status of C. sinensis and epidemiological parameters in the area.
Total of 3,180 cases were tested by intradermal inoculation of C. sinensis antigen (Green Cross Co., Korea), and 834 (26.2%) were found positive. Out of the positive cases, 598 were subjected to fecal examination for helminth ova. The examination revealed 129 (21.6%) ova positive cases of C.
sinensis, and Trichuris trichiura 1.7%, Ascaris lumbricoides 0.3%, and Metagonimus yokogawai 0.2%. The questionnaire analysis showed some significant differences between the infected and non-infected (control) groups. The infected cases were less educated than the control, and they lived at the closer area to the river, and most of them lived there over 20 years. Also they preferred eating raw fresh water fish. Most of the detected cases were treated with praziquantel and found negative for the eggs in 85.3% of them 1 year after the treatment. The present data reveal markedly decreased endemicity of clonorchiasis compared with previous prevalence rates but still clonorchiasis is endemic in the Hyungsan river basin. A comprehensive measure including case detection, treatment and education for parasite control should be applied to control clonorchiasis in such endemic areas.
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Prevalence of clonorchiasis in patients with gastrointestinal disease: A Korean nationwide multicenter survey Ho Gak Kim, Jimin Han, Myung-Hwan Kim, Kyu Hyun Cho, Im Hee Shin, Gwang Ha Kim, Jae Seon Kim, Jin Bong Kim, Tae Nyeun Kim, Tae Hyeon Kim, Tae Hyo Kim, Jae Woo Kim, Ji Kon Ryu, Young-Soo Moon, Jong Ho Moon, Sung Jae Park, Chan Guk Park, Sung-Jo Bang, Chang World Journal of Gastroenterology.2009; 15(1): 86. CrossRef
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Second report on intestinal parasites among the patients of Seoul Paik Hospital (1984-1992) S K Lee, B M Shin, N S Chung, J Y Chai, S H Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1994; 32(1): 27. CrossRef
Current status and the changing pattern of the prevalence of clonorchiasis in the inhabitants in Sanchong-gun, Kyongsangnam-do, Korea J S Lee, W J Lee, T S Kim, T S In, W S Kim, S K Kim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1993; 31(3): 207. CrossRef
Intestinal parasite infections in the inhabitants along the Hantan River, Chorwon-gun M S Park, S W Kim, Y S Yang, C H Park, W T Lee, C U Kim, E M Lee, S U Lee, S Huh The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1993; 31(4): 375. CrossRef
Turnover of biliary epithelial cells in Clonorchis sinensis infected rats S T Hong, W G Kho, W H Kim, J Y Chai, S H Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1993; 31(2): 83. CrossRef
Secretions of the biliary mucosa in experimental clonorchiasis S H Lee, J I Lee, S Huh, J R Yu, S W Chung, J Y Chai, S T Hong The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1993; 31(1): 13. CrossRef
The present study was performed to know the epidemiological status of echinostomiasis in the Chungju Reservoir and upper streams of Namhan River, together with an experimental study on the life history of Echinostoma hortense. The stool specimens of 169 inhabitants and 473 junior high school students from 5 different villages revealed 3 (0.5%) echinostomatid egg positive cases. E. hortense adult worms were recovered from one patient after a treatment and purgation. For the other two patients, it was presumed that one had E. hortense and another E. cinetorchis infection, based on the morphology of eggs. Five kinds of freshwater snails (168 Radix auricularia coreana, 534 Physa acuta, 144 Hippeutis cantori, 56 Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata and 125 Semisulcospira nodifila globus) examined for the cercariae of echinostomes showed negative results. Ten kinds of freshwater fishes examined for E. hortense metacercariae revealed positive rates as Misgurnus anguillicaudatus 40.5%, Odontobutis obscura interrupta 20.3%, Moroco oxycephalus 3.9%, and Coreoperca kawamebari 2.0%. In the experimental study, the metacercariae of E. hortense were infected to rats, eggs were collected from adult worms and cultivated, and miracidia were obtained. The miracidia were artificially infected to freshwater snails (R. auricularia), and cercarial shedding was studied. It was revealed that, when the snails were kept at a low temperature (24 degrees C), only 523 cercariae (on average) were produced during 24 hrs, while they were at a high temperature (30 degrees C), as many as 9,990 cercariae (on average) were shed during the same time. The experimental infection of E. hortense cercariae to freshwater fishes was successful in O. obscura interrupta 52.0%, M. anguillicaudatus 30.3%, C. kawamebari 27.0%, Cobitis lutheri 15.0%, M. oxycephalus 7.3%, Pseudogobio esocinus 4.3%, Squalidus coreanus 2.0%, Zacco platypus 1.3%, and Pungtungia herzi 1.3%. However, infection was not successful to snails, C. chinensis. It has been proved that the Chungju Reservoir and upper streams of Namhan river are endemic areas of echinostomiasis, especially of E. hortense, and snails such as R. auricularia coreana and fishes such as O. obscura interrupta, M.
anguillicaudatus, and others are taking the role of first and second intermediate hosts, respectively.
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During an investigation on intestinal flukes of house rats in Yangyang-gun, Kangwon-do, a total of 6 species of trematodes belonging to 3 families; Echinostomatidae (Echinostoma hortense, E. cinetorchis, E. revolutum and Echinoparyphium recurvatum), Diplostomidae (Fibricola seoulensis) and Plagiorchiidae (Plagiorchis muris), were recovered from two adult rats. E. revolutum and E.
recurvatum were new trematode faunae of rats in Korea. E.
revolutum had an elongated body, 5.3-6.0 mm long and 1.0-1.3 mm wide. The total number of collar spines was 35-37 including 5 end group ones on each ventral corner. Its coiled uterus contained numerous eggs. E. recurvatum also had an elongated body, 3.5-4.7 mm long and 0.50-0.65 mm wide. It had total 45 collar spines including 4 end group ones. The uterus was short with only a few eggs. It has been first confirmed by this study that E. revolutum and E.
recurvatum are indigenously distributed among house rats in Korea.
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In a basic attempt to develop the prophylactic and therapeutic measures on intestinal giant-cystic disease of the Israel carp, Cyprinus carpio nudus, the effects of physical and chemical factors on viability or survival of the spores of Thelohanellus kitauei were checked in vitro by means of extrusion test on the polar filament. When the fresh spores suspended with 0.45% and 0.9% sodium chloride solution and distilled water were laid at 5 degrees C and 28 degrees C for short terms, the extrusion rates increased until the 3rd day, meanwhile when some of them were suspended with Tyrode's solution at -70 degrees C the rates increased gradually until the 8th day. Viabilities of the spores suspended with 0.9% saline and added antibiotics to the suspension at 5 degrees C for long terms lasted for 997 days and 1,256 days (presumed values) at maximum, respectively. The spores suspended with distilled water at 28 degrees C for long terms survived 152.4 days, but the spores suspended with Tyrode's solution at -70 degrees C for long terms showed almost the same viable pattern as early freezing stages up to 780 days. The spores suspended with Tyrode's solution, frozen at -70 degrees C and thawed at 5 degrees C, showed the highest rate of extrusion of the polar filament. In the case of frozen spores, the extrusion rates during heating tend to become higher in accordance with the increase of frozen period, and the critical points of 180 day-frozen spores to be killed were generally 78.5 hr. at 60 degrees C, 23.4 hr. at 70 degrees C, 189.1 min. at 80 degrees C or 10.5 min. at 90 degrees C. The longer the spores were frozen, the more time was needed for the death of spores after thawing; 20 days-17.4 days, 100 days-33.2 days, and 400 days-37.8 days. The longer the spores were frozen, the more time was needed for the death of spores at a conventional when they were dried air drying condition, 540 days-23.5 days, 160 days-21.0 days, and 20 days-14.4 days. On the other hand, the longer the spores were frozen, the more spores were dead rapidly when they were irradiated with 10W UV-ray; 100 days-26.0 hr, 300 days-21.9 hr, and 540 days-13.9 hr. The time needed for killing 200 days-frozen spores by various disinfectants at 1,000 ppm was 5.2 min. by calcium oxide, 10.4 min. by potassium permanganate, 27.8 min. by malachite green and 14.3 hr. by formalin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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This study was performed to observe the infection status of sweetfish, caught from Kwangjung-stream and Namdae-stream in Yangyang-gun, Kangwon-do in August 1989, with the metacercariae of Metagonimus yokogawai. All of 28 sweetfish from Kwangjung-stream were infected with the metacercariae of M. yokogawai. The number of metacercariae in a fish ranged 89-521(224 on average), and the number of larvae/g of flesh was 12 approximately 55 (22 on average). On the other hand, no metacercariae were detected in the fish from Namdae-stream. It has been confirmed that the Kwangjung-stream in Yangyang-gun, Kangwon-do is one of the endemic foci of metagonimiasis in Korea.
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