Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"DNA vaccine"

Original Articles

Evaluation of Protective Immune Response Induced by a DNA Vaccine Encoding GRA8 against Acute Toxoplasmosis in a Murine Model: Jia-Qi Chu, Shuai Huang, Wei Ye, Xuan-Yan Fan, Rui Huang, Shi-Cai Ye, Cai-Yuan Yu, Wei-Yun Wu, Yu Zhou, Wei Zhou, Young-Ha Lee, Juan-Hua Quan; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(4):325-334.
Published online August 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.4.325

Abstract
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Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan zoonotic protozoan parasite that infects most species of warm-blooded animals, including humans. The heavy incidence and severe or lethal damage caused by T. gondii infection clearly indicate a need for the development of an effective vaccine. T. gondii GRA8 is a member of the dense granules protein family and is used as a marker of acute infection. In the present study, we evaluated the protective immunity induced by DNA vaccination based on a recombinant eukaryotic plasmid, pDsRed2-GRA8, against acute toxoplasmosis in mice. BALB/c mice were intramuscularly immunized with the pDsRed2-GRA8 plasmid and then challenged by infection with the highly virulent GFP-RH strain of T. gondii. The specific immune responses and protective efficacy against T. gondii of this vaccine were analyzed by measuring cytokine and serum antibody titers, splenocyte proliferation assays, and the survival times of mice after challenge. Our results showed that mice immunized with pDsRed2-GRA8 demonstrated specific humoral and cellular responses, induced higher IgG antibody titers with predominant IgG2a production; increased levels of IL-10, IL-12 (p70), IFN-γ, TNF-α, and splenocyte proliferation; and prolonged survival times compared to those of control mice. The present study showed that DNA immunization with pDsRed2-GRA8 induced humoral and cellular immune responses, and all immunized mice showed greater Th1-type immune responses and longer survival times than those of control mice. These results indicated that T. gondii GRA8 DNA immunization induces a partial protective effect against acute toxoplasmosis.

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Toxoplasma gondii vaccine candidates: a concise review
Amirreza Javadi Mamaghani, Anwar Fathollahi, Zahra Arab-Mazar, Kobra kohansal, Matin Fathollahi, Adel Spotin, Homayoon Bashiri, Arezoo Bozorgomid
Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -).2023; 192(1): 231. CrossRef
Insight into the current Toxoplasma gondii DNA vaccine: a review article
Xirui Zhang, Hao Yuan, Yasser S. Mahmmod, Zipeng Yang, Mengpo Zhao, Yining Song, Shengjun Luo, Xiu-Xiang Zhang, Zi-Guo Yuan
Expert Review of Vaccines.2023; 22(1): 66. CrossRef
Co-Immunization with DNA Vaccines Expressing SABP1 and SAG1 Proteins Effectively Enhanced Mice Resistance to Toxoplasma gondii Acute Infection
Xiaoyu Sang, Xiang Li, Ran Chen, Ying Feng, Ting He, Xiaohan Zhang, Saeed El-Ashram, Ebtsam Al-Olayan, Na Yang
Vaccines.2023; 11(7): 1190. CrossRef
Evaluation of anti‐tick efficiency in rabbits induced by DNA vaccines encoding Haemaphysalis longicornis lipocalin homologue
Xiang‐Yuan Fan, Xiao‐Can Xu, Ya‐Xue Wu, Xiao‐Ya Liu, Feng Yang, Yong‐Hong Hu
Medical and Veterinary Entomology.2022; 36(4): 511. CrossRef
Review of DNA Vaccine Approaches Against the Parasite Toxoplasma gondii
Rosalie C. Warner, Ryan C. Chapman, Brianna N. Davis, Paul H. Davis
Journal of Parasitology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
A systematic review on the role of GRA proteins of Toxoplasma gondii in host immunization
Fatemeh Rezaei, Mahdi Sharif, Shahabeddin Sarvi, Seyed Hossein Hejazi, Sargis Aghayan, Abdol Sattar Pagheh, Samira Dodangeh, Ahmad Daryani
Journal of Microbiological Methods.2019; 165: 105696. CrossRef

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DNA Vaccines Encoding Toxoplasma gondii Cathepsin C 1 Induce Protection against Toxoplasmosis in Mice: Yali Han, Aihua Zhou, Gang Lu, Guanghui Zhao, Wenchao Sha, Lin Wang, Jingjing Guo, Jian Zhou, Huaiyu Zhou, Hua Cong, Shenyi He; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(5):505-512.
Published online October 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.5.505

Abstract
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Toxoplasma gondii cathepsin C proteases (TgCPC1, 2, and 3) are important for the growth and survival of T. gondii. In the present study, B-cell and T-cell epitopes of TgCPC1 were predicted using DNAstar and the Immune Epitope Database. A TgCPC1 DNA vaccine was constructed, and its ability to induce protective immune responses against toxoplasmosis in BALB/c mice was evaluated in the presence or absence of the adjuvant α-GalCer. As results, TgCPC1 DNA vaccine with or without adjuvant α-GalCer showed higher levels of IgG and IgG2a in the serum, as well as IL-2 and IFN-γ in the spleen compared to controls (PBS, pEGFP-C1, and α-Galcer). Upon challenge infection with tachyzoites of T. gondii (RH), pCPC1/α-Galcer immunized mice showed the longest survival among all the groups. Mice vaccinated with DNA vaccine without adjuvant (pCPC1) showed better protective immunity compared to other controls (PBS, pEGFP-C1, and α-Galcer). These results indicate that a DNA vaccine encoding TgCPC1 is a potential vaccine candidate against toxoplasmosis.

Citations

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Modest Protective Immune Responses Induced by a DNA Vaccine Expressing IMP1 of Toxoplasma gondii in BALB/c Mice
Farid Alizadeh, Maryam Hataminejad, Hajar Yaghoobi, Hakim Azizi
Parasite Immunology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Insight into the current Toxoplasma gondii DNA vaccine: a review article
Xirui Zhang, Hao Yuan, Yasser S. Mahmmod, Zipeng Yang, Mengpo Zhao, Yining Song, Shengjun Luo, Xiu-Xiang Zhang, Zi-Guo Yuan
Expert Review of Vaccines.2023; 22(1): 66. CrossRef
iNKT cell agonists as vaccine adjuvants to combat infectious diseases
Ya-Qian Li, Cheng Yan, Rui Luo, Zheng Liu
Carbohydrate Research.2022; 513: 108527. CrossRef
Mining the Proteome of Toxoplasma Parasites Seeking Vaccine and Diagnostic Candidates
Sajad Rashidi, Javier Sánchez-Montejo, Reza Mansouri, Mohammad Ali-Hassanzadeh, Amir Savardashtaki, Mohammad Saleh Bahreini, Mohammadreza Karimazar, Raúl Manzano-Román, Paul Nguewa
Animals.2022; 12(9): 1098. CrossRef
A Novel Combined DNA Vaccine Encoding Toxoplasma gondii SAG1 and ROP18 Provokes Protective Immunity Against a Lethal Challenge in Mice
Lamei Wu, Huijian Yang, Jianglin Wang, Xiuwen Yu, Yanhong He, Shenxia Chen
Acta Parasitologica.2021; 66(4): 1387. CrossRef
Review of DNA Vaccine Approaches Against the Parasite Toxoplasma gondii
Rosalie C. Warner, Ryan C. Chapman, Brianna N. Davis, Paul H. Davis
Journal of Parasitology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Characterization of metalloproteases and serine proteases of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites and their effect on epithelial cells
Carlos J. Ramírez-Flores, Rosalba Cruz-Mirón, Rossana Arroyo, Mónica E. Mondragón-Castelán, Tais Nopal-Guerrero, Sirenia González-Pozos, Emmanuel Ríos-Castro, Ricardo Mondragón-Flores
Parasitology Research.2019; 118(1): 289. CrossRef
Antigenic Epitope Analysis and Efficacy Evaluation of GRA41 DNA Vaccine Against T. gondii Infection
Jian Zhou, Chenxi Li, Yingquan Luo, Lin Wang
Acta Parasitologica.2019; 64(3): 471. CrossRef
Cysteine proteases in protozoan parasites
Jair L. Siqueira-Neto, Anjan Debnath, Laura-Isobel McCall, Jean A. Bernatchez, Momar Ndao, Sharon L. Reed, Philip J. Rosenthal, Photini Sinnis
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2018; 12(8): e0006512. CrossRef
Immune Responses Induced by HSP60 DNA Vaccine against Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Kunming Mice
Zhong-Yuan Li, Jing Lu, Nian-Zhang Zhang, Jia Chen, Xing-Quan Zhu
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(3): 237. CrossRef
Evaluation of Protective Immune Response Induced by a DNA Vaccine Encoding GRA8 against Acute Toxoplasmosis in a Murine Model
Jia-Qi Chu, Shuai Huang, Wei Ye, Xuan-Yan Fan, Rui Huang, Shi-Cai Ye, Cai-Yuan Yu, Wei-Yun Wu, Yu Zhou, Wei Zhou, Young-Ha Lee, Juan-Hua Quan
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(4): 325. CrossRef

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Protective and Anti-Pathology Effects of Sm Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase-Based DNA Vaccine against Schistosoma mansoni by Changing Route of Injection: Mohamed Saber, Tarek Diab, Olft Hammam, Amr Karim, Amina Medhat, Mamdouh Khela, Ehab El-Dabaa; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):155-163.
Published online April 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.155

Abstract
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This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of fructose-1,6-bis phosphate aldolase (SMALDO) DNA vaccination against Schistosoma mansoni infection using different routes of injection. The SMALDO has been cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1/V5-His TOPO-TA and was used in injecting Swiss albino mice intramuscularly (IM), subcutaneously (SC), or intraperitoneally (IP) (50 ?g/mouse). Mice vaccinated with non-recombinant pcDNA3.1 served as controls. Each group was immunized 4 times at weeks 0, 2, 4, and 6. Two weeks after the last booster dose, all mice groups were infected with 80 S. mansoni cercariae via tail immersion. At week 8 post-infection, animals were sacrificed for assessment of parasitological and histopathological parameters. High anti-SMALDO IgG antibody titers were detected in sera of all vaccinated groups (P<0.01) compared to the control group. Both the IP and SC vaccination routes resulted in a significant reduction in worm burden (46.2% and 28.9%, respectively, P<0.01). This was accompanied by a significant reduction in hepatic and intestinal egg counts (41.7% and 40.2%, respectively, P<0.01) in the IP group only. The number of dead eggs was significantly increased in both IP and IM groups (P<0.01). IP vaccination recorded the highest significant reduction in granuloma number and diameter (54.7% and 29.2%, respectively, P<0.01) and significant increase in dead miracidia (P<0.01). In conclusion, changing the injection route of SMALDO DNA vaccination significantly influenced the efficacy of vaccination. SMALDO DNA vaccination via IP route could be a promising protective and anti-pathology vaccine candidate against S. mansoni infection.

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Glycolytic Enzymes as Vaccines Against Schistosomiasis: Testing Schistosoma mansoni Phosphoglycerate Mutase in Mice
David B. Pirovich, Akram A. Da'dara, Patrick J. Skelly
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Multifunctional Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase as a Therapeutic Target
David B. Pirovich, Akram A. Da’dara, Patrick J. Skelly
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Characterization of Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase 1 of Echinococcus multilocularis
Xuedong He, Jing Zhang, Yue Sun, Tianyan Lan, Xiaola Guo, Xiaoqiang Wang, Omnia M. Kandil, Mazhar Ayaz, Xuenong Luo, Houhui Song, Yadong Zheng
Veterinary Sciences.2021; 9(1): 4. CrossRef
Proteomic analysis of adult Schistosoma mekongi somatic and excretory-secretory proteins
Onrapak Reamtong, Nattapon Simanon, Tipparat Thiangtrongjit, Yanin Limpanont, Phiraphol Chusongsang, Yupa Chusongsang, Songtham Anuntakarun, Sunchai Payungporn, Orawan Phuphisut, Poom Adisakwattana
Acta Tropica.2020; 202: 105247. CrossRef
Amelioration of type 1 diabetes by recombinant fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase and cystatin derived from Schistosoma japonicum in a murine model
Ke Yan, Bo Wang, Huabang Zhou, Qingli Luo, Jilong Shen, Yunxia Xu, Zhengrong Zhong
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International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2020; 164: 3718. CrossRef
Protein extract from head-foot tissue of Oncomelania hupensis promotes the growth and development of mother sporocysts of Schistosoma japonicum via upregulation of parasite aldolase gene
Ting Chai, Sijing Zhu, Huifen Dong, Zhenping Ming
Parasitology Research.2019; 118(6): 1821. CrossRef
Comparative study of excretory–secretory proteins released by Schistosoma mansoni-resistant, susceptible and naïve Biomphalaria glabrata
Conor E. Fogarty, Min Zhao, Donald P. McManus, Mary G. Duke, Scott F. Cummins, Tianfang Wang
Parasites & Vectors.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Why Do Intravascular Schistosomes Coat Themselves in Glycolytic Enzymes?
David Pirovich, Akram A. Da'dara, Patrick J. Skelly
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Ahmad A. Othman, Rasha H. Soliman
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Cloning, expression, and partial characterization of FBPA from Schistosoma japonicum, a molecule on that the fluke may develop nutrition competition and immune evasion from human
Qiping Hu, Huiqiong Xie, Shuyu Zhu, Dejun Liao, Tingzheng Zhan, Dengyu Liu
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G. Abdel-Monaem, A. Farid, I. Rabia, A. El-Amir
Experimental Parasitology.2015; 157: 23. CrossRef

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Efficacy of a DNA Vaccine Carrying Eimeria maxima Gam56 Antigen Gene against Coccidiosis in Chickens: Jinjun Xu, Yan Zhang, Jianping Tao; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):147-154.
Published online April 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.147

Abstract
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To control coccidiosis without using prophylactic medications, a DNA vaccine targeting the gametophyte antigen Gam56 from Eimeria maxima in chickens was constructed, and the immunogenicity and protective effects were evaluated. The ORF of Gam56 gene was cloned into an eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(zeo)+. Expression of Gam56 protein in COS-7 cells transfected with recombinant plasmid pcDNA-Gam56 was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence assay. The DNA vaccine was injected intramuscularly to yellow feathered broilers of 1-week old at 3 dosages (25, 50, and 100 ?g/chick). Injection was repeated once 1 week later. One week after the second injection, birds were challenged orally with 5×10⁴ sporulated oocysts of E. maxima, then weighed and killed at day 8 post challenge. Blood samples were collected and examined for specific peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation activity and serum antibody levels. Compared with control groups, the administration of pcDNA-Gam56 vaccine markedly increased the lymphocyte proliferation activity (P<0.05) at day 7 and 14 after the first immunization. The level of lymphocyte proliferation started to decrease on day 21 after the first immunization. A similar trend was seen in specific antibody levels. Among the 3 pcDNA-Gam56 immunized groups, the median dosage group displayed the highest lymphocyte proliferation and antibody levels (P<0.05). The median dosage group had the greatest relative body weight gain (89.7%), and the greatest oocyst shedding reduction (53.7%). These results indicate that median dosage of DNA vaccine had good immunogenicity and immune protection effects, and may be used in field applications for coccidiosis control.

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Brief Communication

CD8⁺ T-cell Activation in Mice Injected with a Plasmid DNA Vaccine Encoding AMA-1 of the Reemerging Korean Plasmodium vivax: Hyo-Jin Kim, Bong-Kwang Jung, Jin-Joo Lee, Kyoung-Ho Pyo, Tae Yun Kim, Byung-il Choi, Tae Woo Kim, Hajime Hisaeda, Kunisuke Himeno, Eun-Hee Shin, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(1):85-90.
Published online March 18, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.1.85

Abstract
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Relatively little has been studied on the AMA-1 vaccine against Plasmodium vivax and on the plasmid DNA vaccine encoding P. vivax AMA-1 (PvAMA-1). In the present study, a plasmid DNA vaccine encoding AMA-1 of the reemerging Korean P. vivax has been constructed and a preliminary study was done on its cellular immunogenicity to recipient BALB/c mice. The PvAMA-1 gene was cloned and expressed in the plasmid vector UBpcAMA-1, and a protein band of approximately 56.8 kDa was obtained from the transfected COS7 cells. BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly or using a gene gun 4 times with the vaccine, and the proportions of splenic T-cell subsets were examined by fluorocytometry at week 2 after the last injection. The spleen cells from intramuscularly injected mice revealed no significant changes in the proportions of CD8⁺ T-cells and CD4⁺ T-cells. However, in mice immunized using a gene gun, significantly higher (P<0.05) proportions of CD8⁺ cells were observed compared to UB vector-injected control mice. The results indicated that cellular immunogenicity of the plasmid DNA vaccine encoding AMA-1 of the reemerging Korean P. vivax was weak when it was injected intramuscularly; however, a promising effect was observed using the gene gun injection technique.

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