Macrophages play a key role in chronic inflammation, and are the most abundant immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. We investigated whether an interaction between inflamed prostate cancer cells stimulated with Trichomonas vaginalis and macrophages stimulates the proliferation of the cancer cells. Conditioned medium was prepared from T. vaginalis-infected (TCM) and uninfected (CM) mouse prostate cancer (PCa) cell line (TRAMP-C2 cells). Thereafter conditioned medium was prepared from macrophages (J774A.1 cell line) after incubation with CM (MCM) or TCM (MTCM). When TRAMP-C2 cells were stimulated with T. vaginalis, protein and mRNA levels of CXCL1 and CCL2 increased, and migration of macrophages toward TCM was more extensive than towards CM. Macrophages stimulated with TCM produced higher levels of CCL2, IL-6, TNF-α, their mRNAs than macrophages stimulated with CM. MTCM stimulated the proliferation and invasiveness of TRAMP-C2 cells as well as the expression of cytokine receptors (CCR2, GP130, CXCR2). Importantly, blocking of each cytokine receptors with anti-cytokine receptor antibody significantly reduced the proliferation and invasiveness of TRAMP-C2 cells. We conclude that inflammatory mediators released by TRAMP-C2 cells in response to infection by T. vaginalis stimulate the migration and activation of macrophages and the activated macrophages stimulate the proliferation and invasiveness of the TRAMP-C2 cells via cytokine-cytokine receptor binding. Our results therefore suggested that macrophages contribute to the exacerbation of PCa due to inflammation of prostate cancer cells reacted with T. vaginalis.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
The role of proinflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines (CXCL1–CXCL16) in the progression of prostate cancer: insights on their therapeutic management Amin Ullah, Wang Jiao, Bairong Shen Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
CysLT receptor-mediated NOX2 activation is required for IL-8 production in HMC-1 cells induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(3): 270. CrossRef
Point-of-Care Diagnostic for Trichomonas vaginalis, the Most Prevalent, Non-Viral Sexually Transmitted Infection John F. Alderete, Hermes Chan Pathogens.2023; 12(1): 77. CrossRef
PCR is known to be the most sensitive method for diagnosing Trichomonas vaginalis infections. This study aimed to compare the sensitivity of a PCR assay for trichomoniasis (HY-PCR) developed in Hanyang University with the use of a Seeplex Ace Detection Kit®, using urine collected from four Korean men with prostatic disease. Overall, HY-PCR was more sensitive than the Seeplex Kit. The use of Chelex 100 is recommended for DNA isolation in order to increase the sensitivity of the PCR test.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Trikomoniyaz tanısında farklı laboratuvar yöntemlerinin kullanılması ve Trikomoniyaz hastalarında miRNA profilinin belirlenmesi Hasan Turgut, Fadime Eroğlu Dicle Tıp Dergisi.2024; 51(1): 89. CrossRef
Development of a portable DNA extraction and cross-priming amplification (CPA) tool for rapid in-situ visual diagnosis of plant diseases Jie Li, Juan Du, Shengzhican Li, Jiali Dong, Jiahan Ying, Yuehao Gu, Jie Lu, Xinyu Zeng, Philip Kear, Daolong Dou, Xiaodan Wang Phytopathology Research.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
A microfluidic-chip-based system with loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid and parallel detection of Trichomonas vaginalis and human papillomavirus Zeyin Mao, Anni Deng, Xiangyu Jin, Meng Li, Wenqi Lv, Leyang Huang, Hao Zhong, Han Yang, Shihong Wang, Yixuan Shi, Lei Zhang, Qinping Liao, Guoliang Huang The Analyst.2023; 148(19): 4820. CrossRef
Development of Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction with Novel Specific Primers for Detection of Tritrichomonas muris Infection in Laboratory Mice Hongbo Zhang, Nan Zhang, Jianhua Li, Panpan Zhao, Xin Li, Xiaocen Wang, Xu Zhang, Bao Yuan, Fei Gao, Pengtao Gong, Xichen Zhang Animals.2023; 13(20): 3177. CrossRef
Photo-genosensor for Trichomonas vaginalis based on gold nanoparticles-genomic DNA S. Ilbeigi, R. Dehdari Vais, N. Sattarahmady Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy.2021; 34: 102290. CrossRef
Development of a convenient detection method for Trichomonas vaginalis based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification targeting adhesion protein 65 Yuhua Li, Shuai Wang, Haoran Li, Xiaoxiao Song, Hao Zhang, Yujuan Duan, Chengyang Luo, Bingli Wang, Sifan Ji, Qing Xie, Zhenchao Zhang BMC Infectious Diseases.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Trichomoniasis is the most common curable sexually-transmitted infection. Most Trichomonas vaginalis-infected men are asymptomatic and can remain undiagnosed and untreated, and this has been thought to result in chronic persistent prostatic infection. Chronic inflammation is regarded as the major factor in the pathogenesis and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic cancer (PCa). The aim of this study is to identify seropositivity to T. vaginalis in men with prostate tumors (BPH or PCa) visited to Hanyang University Hospital. A total of 183 men were enrolled between October 2013 and November 2014. They consisted of 139 with BPH (mean age: 64.0 ± 0.07) and 44 with prostate cancer (mean age: 73.3±0.18). We carried out ELISA to identify the seropositivity to T. vaginalis. Mixed lysate antigen extracted from 8 strains of T. vaginalis was used in the ELISA. Also 58 male outpatients visited to Health Promotion Center in Hanyang University Hospital were evaluated for comparing group. As a results, seropositivity to T. vaginalis in patients with prostatic diseases was 19.7% (BPH: 18.7%, PCa: 22.7%) and it was significantly higher than the 1.7% of the comparing healthy group (P = 0.001). Therefore, prostatic tumor showed higher seropositivity against T. vaginalis than normal men. As far as we know, this is the first report about seroprevalence in prostatic tumor in Korea.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
The Past, Present, and Future in the Diagnosis of a Neglected Sexually Transmitted Infection: Trichomoniasis Alexandra Ibáñez-Escribano, Juan José Nogal-Ruiz Pathogens.2024; 13(2): 126. CrossRef
Prevalence and Genotype of Trichomonas vaginalis among Men in Xinxiang City, Henan Province, China Zhenchao Zhang, Yuhui Sang, Pucheng Wu, Yujia Shang, Lesong Li, Yujuan Duan, Linfei Zhao, Minghui Gao, Lihua Guo, Xiaowei Tian, Zhenke Yang, Shuai Wang, Lixia Hao, Xuefang Mei, Jianbing Mu Journal of Tropical Medicine.2023; 2023: 1. CrossRef
Inflammatory responses during trichomoniasis: The role of Toll‐like receptors and inflammasomes Abdollah Jafarzadeh, Maryam Nemati, Ehsan Salarkia, Sonal Yadav, Najmeh Aminizadeh, Sara Jafarzadeh, Manisha Yadav Parasite Immunology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
No Association of Trichomonas vaginalis Seropositivity with Advanced Prostate Cancer Risk in the Multiethnic Cohort: A Nested Case-Control Study Michelle Nagata, Anne Tome, Kami White, Lynne R. Wilkens, Song-Yi Park, Loïc Le Marchand, Christopher Haiman, Brenda Y. Hernandez Cancers.2023; 15(21): 5194. CrossRef
Identification of Signature Genes and Construction of an Artificial Neural Network Model of Prostate Cancer Hongye Dong, Xu Wang, Kalidoss Rajakani Journal of Healthcare Engineering.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
Multiple pathogens and prostate cancer James S. Lawson, Wendy K. Glenn Infectious Agents and Cancer.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Trichomonas vaginalis serostatus and prostate cancer risk in Egypt: a case-control study Nora E. Saleh, Samar M. Alhusseiny, Wafaa M. El-Zayady, Engy M. Aboelnaga, Wafaa N. El-beshbishi, Yasser M. Saleh, Hala S. Abou-ElWafa, Samar N. El-Beshbishi Parasitology Research.2021; 120(4): 1379. CrossRef
The Role of Microbial Factors in Prostate Cancer Development—An Up-to-Date Review Karolina Garbas, Piotr Zapała, Łukasz Zapała, Piotr Radziszewski Journal of Clinical Medicine.2021; 10(20): 4772. CrossRef
Involvement of Macrophages in Proliferation of Prostate Cancer Cells Infected with Trichomonas vaginalis Kyu-Shik Kim, Hong-Sang Moon, Sang-Su Kim, Jae-Sook Ryu The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(6): 557. CrossRef
Seroprevalence and risk factors of Trichomonas vaginalis among couples in Al-Hamza city-Iraq. Musafer H. Al-Ardi Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology.2021; 13(1): 26. CrossRef
Is Trichomonas vaginalis a Risk Factor for Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Gianpaolo Perletti, Vittorio Magri, Louise Beckers-Perletti, Alberto Trinchieri, Konstantinos Stamatiou Hellenic Urology.2021; 33(1): 12. CrossRef
IL-6 produced by prostate epithelial cells stimulated with Trichomonas vaginalis promotes proliferation of prostate cancer cells by inducing M2 polarization of THP-1-derived macrophages Ik-Hwan Han, Hyun-Ouk Song, Jae-Sook Ryu, Michael H. Hsieh PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2020; 14(3): e0008126. CrossRef
Development of a convenient detection method for Trichomonas vaginalis based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification targeting adhesion protein 65 Yuhua Li, Shuai Wang, Haoran Li, Xiaoxiao Song, Hao Zhang, Yujuan Duan, Chengyang Luo, Bingli Wang, Sifan Ji, Qing Xie, Zhenchao Zhang BMC Infectious Diseases.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
The Crosstalk between Prostate Cancer and Microbiota Inflammation: Nutraceutical Products Are Useful to Balance This Interplay? Felice Crocetto, Mariarosaria Boccellino, Biagio Barone, Erika Di Zazzo, Antonella Sciarra, Giovanni Galasso, Giuliana Settembre, Lucio Quagliuolo, Ciro Imbimbo, Silvia Boffo, Italo Francesco Angelillo, Marina Di Domenico Nutrients.2020; 12(9): 2648. CrossRef
First
Prev
