Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Hongman Zhang"

Brief Communication

Human Infections with Liver and Minute Intestinal Flukes in Guangxi, China: Analysis by DNA Sequencing, Ultrasonography, and Immunoaffinity Chromatography: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Dongmin Lee, Hansol Park, Duk-Young Min, Han-Jong Rim, Hongman Zhang, Yichao Yang, Xueming Li, Keeseon S Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(4):391-394.
Published online November 26, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.4.391

Abstract
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The prevalence of liver and intestinal fluke infections was determined by surveying inhabitants of Hengxuan, Fusui, and Shanglin villages which were known to be endemic for liver flukes in Guangxi, China in May 2010. A total of 718 people were examined for helminth eggs by the Kato-Katz thick smear technique, ultrasonography, immunoaffinity chromatography, and DNA sequencing. The overall egg positive rate was found to be 59.6% (28.0-70.6%) that included mixed infections with liver and intestinal flukes. Cases showing higher than 20,000 eggs per gram of feces (EPG) were detected between 1.3% and 16.2%. Ultrasonographic findings exhibited overall 28.2% (72 of 255 cases) dilatation rate of the intrahepatic bile duct. Clonorchis sinensis infection was detected serologically in 88.3% (38 of 43 cases) among C. sinensis egg positive subjects by the immunoaffinity chromatography using a specific antigen for C. sinensis. For differential diagnosis of the liver and intestinal flukes, more precise PCR and nucleotide sequencing for copro-DNA were performed for 46 egg positive cases. Mixed infections with C. sinensis and Metagonimus yokogawai were detected in 8 of 46 egg positive cases, whereas 29 specimens were positive for Haplorchis taichui. Ultrasonographic findings and immunoaffinity chromatography results showed usefulness, even in a limited way, in figuring out of the liver fluke endemicity.

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Original Article

Changing Patterns of Serum and Bile Antibodies in Re-infected Rats with Clonorchis sinensis: Hongman Zhang, Byung-Suk Chung, Shunyu Li, Min-Ho Choi, Sung-Tae Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(1):17-22.
Published online March 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.1.17

Abstract
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Rats develop strong resistance to re-infection and super-infection by Clonorchis sinensis. The present study investigated the antibodies present in the sera and bile juice of rats that were primary infected and re-infected with C. sinensis. The serum level of specific IgG antibodies, which were elevated 2 wk of the primary infection, peaked at 4 wk and subsequently remained unchanged even during re-infection. The total IgE level in serum increased slowly from 388 ng / ml to 3,426 ng / ml beginning 2 wk after the primary infection, and remained high up to 8 wk but dropped to a normal level (259 ng / ml) after treatment. In resistant re-infected rats, the serum IgE level increased rapidly and peaked within 1 wk, whereas no increase was observed in immunosuppressed rats. The serum level of specific IgA antibodies was elevated beginning 1 wk after infection, and decreased 4 wk after treatment. The total bile IgA level unchanged during the primary infection but increased in treated and re-infected rats. The elevated levels of serum IgE and bile IgA indicate that these immunoglobulins may be correlated with the development of resistance to re-infection by C. sinensis in rats.

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Local immune response to primary infection and re-infection by Clonorchis sinensis in FVB mice
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Brief Communication

Susceptibility of experimental animals to reinfection with Clonorchis sinensis: Woon-Mok Sohn, Hongman Zhang, Min-Ho Choi, Sung-Tae Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(2):163-166.
Published online June 20, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.2.163

Abstract
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The present study observed the resistance to reinfection with Clonorchis sinensis in various experimental animals including mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, and dogs, as well as rats and hamsters. The resistance rates to reinfection in rats, mice, hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits, and dogs were 79.7%, 58.0%, -12.6%, 54.8%, 62.6%, and 6.0%, respectively. Worms recovered from reinfected rats and mice were immature, and significantly smaller than those from the primarily infected (P < 0.01), whereas those from other animals were fully matured to adults. These findings indicate that the protective response against reinfection with C. sinensis is prominent in rats and mice, and that they may be a good animal model to investigate the mechanism of resistance to reinfection with C. sinensis.

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Factors in the resistance of rats to re-infection and super-infection by Clonorchis sinensis
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Parasitology Research.2008; 102(6): 1111. CrossRef

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Original Article

Development of resistance to reinfection by Clonorchis sinensis in rats: Byung-Suk Chung, Hongman Zhang, Min-Ho Choi, Deogkyu Jeon, Shunyu Li, Mejeong Lee, Sung-Tae Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2004;42(1):19-26.
Published online March 20, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2004.42.1.19

Abstract
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We investigated the induction of resistance to Clonorchis sinensis infection by prior infection in rat and hamster models. Animals were challenged with C. sinensis metacercariae, then treated with praziquantel and reinfected. Worm recovery rate in reinfected animals was used to estimate resistance to reinfection. The determined resistance rates to reinfection in rats and hamsters were 97.7% and 10.3%, respectively. In rats, cure from the primary infection of C. sinensis increased resistant to reinfection, and the greatert the worm burden and the longer the duration of primary infection, the higher was the resistance rate. For primary infection doses of 10, 40 and 100 metacercariae per rat, the resistance rates were 87.4%, 93.8% and 98.4%, respectively. The resistance rates in rats after 2 or 8-week primary infection were 78.7% and 95.3%, respectively. All worms recovered from reinfected rats were immature. When cured rats were administered with methylprednisolone, resistance to reinfection became impaired. These findings indicate that rats develop a high degree of resistance to reinfection by C. sinensis after cure. The growths and maturations of reinfected worms were also impaired.

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Local immune response to primary infection and re-infection by Clonorchis sinensis in FVB mice
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Parasitology International.2017; 66(4): 436. CrossRef
Virus-like particles vaccine containing Clonorchis sinensis tegumental protein induces partial protection against Clonorchis sinensis infection
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Parasites & Vectors.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Clonorchiasis
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Factors in the resistance of rats to re-infection and super-infection by Clonorchis sinensis
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Parasitology Research.2008; 102(6): 1111. CrossRef
Changing Patterns of Serum and Bile Antibodies in Re-infected Rats with Clonorchis sinensis
Hongman Zhang, Byung-Suk Chung, Shunyu Li, Min-Ho Choi, Sung-Tae Hong
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2008; 46(1): 17. CrossRef
Susceptibility of experimental animals to reinfection with Clonorchis sinensis
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