Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Hossein Keshavarz"

Original Articles

Serologic Tests of IgG and IgM Antibodies and IgG Avidity for Diagnosis of Ocular Toxoplasmosis: Bahman Rahimi-Esboei, Mohammad Zarei, Mehdi Mohebali, Hossein Keshavarz Valian, Saeedeh Shojaee, Raziyeh Mahmoudzadeh, Mirataollah Salabati; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(2):147-152.
Published online April 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.2.147

Abstract
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This prospective study was aimed to detect acute and chronic ocular toxoplasmosis by comparison of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM and IgG antibody levels and IgG avidity test. One hundred and seventeen patients with ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) who referred to the Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran were included in this study. Of the patients, 77 cases were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG, and 8 cases were positive for anti-T. gondii IgM. IgG avidity test revealed 11, 4, and 102 cases were low, intermediate, and high, respectively, and 6.8% and 9.4% of cases were positive for IgM and IgG avidity tests, respectively (P=0.632). Agreement (Kappa value) between paired tests IgG-IgM, IgG-IgG avidity, and IgM-IgG avidity was 0.080, 0.099, and 0.721, respectively (P<0.05). This study showed that conventional serologic tests (IgM and IgG levels) and IgG avidity correlate well each other and can be used to differentiate recent infections from old OT. It seems that reactivated old infections rather than recently acquired infections are majority of Iranian OT patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Serum Concentrations of Th1, Th2 and Treg‐Associated Cytokines in Patients With Ocular Toxoplasmosis
Ovi Sofia, Rahajeng Anugrahing Saldianovitta, I. Nyoman Surya Ari Wahyudi, Loeki Enggar Fitri, Hani Susianti, Seskoati Prayitnaningsih, Hidayat Sujuti
Parasite Immunology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Identification of novel biomarkers for anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM detection and the potential application in rapid diagnostic fluorescent tests
Minh-Ngoc Nguyen, Seon-Ju Yeo, Hyun Park
Frontiers in Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Role of IgG avidity in eyes with active Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis
Pratik Lakhmawar, Anup Kelgaonkar, Anamika Patel, Ashish Khalsa, Soumyava Basu
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology.2024; 72(Suppl 4): S601. CrossRef
Efficacy of amniotic fluid, blood and urine samples for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women candidates for amniocentesis using serological and molecular techniques
Rohallah Abedian, Bahman Rahimi Esboei, Shirafkan Kordi, Hadi Shokrollahnia Roshan, Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi, Zahra Rahmani, Mahbobeh Montazeri, Mahdi Fakhar
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical and Serological Characteristics of Ocular Toxoplasmosis in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Nadine Nsiangani Lusambo, Dieudonné Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo, Dieudonné Mumba Ngoyi, Janvier Kilangalanga Ngoy, Marie-Thérèse Ngoyi Bambi, Théodore Kadima Mutombo, Guy Kintoki Makela, Lady Ngandowe Nzamokili, Alejandra de-la-Torre
Ocular Immunology and Inflammation.2023; 31(7): 1522. CrossRef
The infectious status of patients with optic neuritis of inflammatory and demyelinating etiologies
V. V. Neroev, E. K. Eliseeva, G. I. Krichevskaya, G. A. Davydova, M. N. Zakharova
Russian Ophthalmological Journal.2023; 16(3): 54. CrossRef
Ocular toxoplasmosis, an overview focusing on clinical aspects
Silvia Fabiani, Claudio Caroselli, Martina Menchini, Giovanna Gabbriellini, Marco Falcone, Fabrizio Bruschi
Acta Tropica.2022; 225: 106180. CrossRef
Diagnostic Dilemma and Therapeutic Challenges in Managing an Atypical Presentation of an Ocular Toxoplasmosis Patient With Myasthenia Gravis: Literature Review
Zen Kuang Tham, Pooi Wah Lott, Chye Li Ee, Norlina Ramli, Tajunisah Iqbal
Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Utility of blood as the clinical specimen for the diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis using uracil DNA glycosylase-supplemented loop-mediated isothermal amplification and real-time polymerase chain reaction assays based on REP-529 sequence and B1 gene
Bahman Rahimi Esboei, Shirzad Fallahi, Mohammad Zarei, Bahram Kazemi, Mehdi Mohebali, Saeedeh Shojaee, Parisa Mousavi, Aref Teimouri, Raziyeh Mahmoudzadeh, Mirataollah Salabati, Hossein Keshavarz Valian
BMC Infectious Diseases.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Ocular toxoplasmosis: phenotype differences between toxoplasma IgM positive and IgM negative patients in a large cohort
Sofia Ajamil-Rodanes, Joshua Luis, Rabia Bourkiza, Benedict Girling, Angela Rees, Catherine Cosgrove, Carlos Pavesio, Mark Westcott
British Journal of Ophthalmology.2021; 105(2): 210. CrossRef
Study of toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis in patients suffering from ophthalmic disorders using serological and molecular methods
Jasem Saki, Elham Eskandari, Mostafa Feghhi
International Ophthalmology.2020; 40(9): 2151. CrossRef
Duffy blood group system and ocular toxoplasmosis
Ana Iara Costa Ferreira, Cinara Cássia Brandão de Mattos, Fábio Batista Frederico, Cássia Rúbia Bernardo, Gildásio Castelo de Almeida Junior, Rubens Camargo Siqueira, Cristina Silva Meira-Strejevitch, Vera Lucia Pereira-Chioccola, Luiz Carlos de Mattos
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2020; 85: 104430. CrossRef
Genotyping and phylogenic study of Acanthamoeba isolates from human keratitis and swimming pool water samples in Iran
Bahman Rahimi Esboei, Mahdi Fakhar, Reza Saberi, Mohammad Barati, Masoumeh Moslemi, Hadi Hassannia, Yousef Dadimoghadam, Nahid Jalallou
Parasite Epidemiology and Control.2020; 11: e00164. CrossRef
Diagnostic significance of C-reactive protein and hematological parameters in acute toxoplasmosis
Vanessa Sandri, Itamar Luís Gonçalves, Gustavo Machado das Neves, Marisa Lucia Romani Paraboni
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2020; 44(4): 785. CrossRef
Evaluation of RE and B1 Genes as Targets for Detection of Toxoplasma gondii by Nested PCR in Blood Samples of Patients with Ocular Toxoplasmosis
Bahman Rahimi Esboei, Bahram Kazemi, Mohammad Zarei, Mehdi Mohebali, Hossein Keshavarz Valian, Saeedeh Shojaee, Fatemeh Zahedipour, Shirzad Fallahi, Parisa Mousavi, Raziyeh Mahmoudzadeh, Mirataollah Salabati
Acta Parasitologica.2019; 64(2): 384. CrossRef

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Visceral Leishmaniasis in Rural Areas of Alborz Province of Iran and Implication to Health Policy: Aliehsan Heidari, Mehdi Mohebali, Kourosh Kabir, Hojatallah Barati, Yousef Soultani, Hossein Keshavarz, Behnaz Akhoundi, Homa Hajjaran, Hosein Reisi; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(4):379-383.
Published online August 25, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.4.379

Abstract
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Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or kala-azar mainly affects children in endemic areas. This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of VL using direct agglutination test (DAT) in children living in rural districts of Alborz Province located 30 km from Tehran capital city of Iran. Multi-stage cluster random sampling was applied. Blood samples were randomly collected from 1,007 children under 10 years of age in the clusters. A total of 37 (3.7%) of the studied population showed anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies with titers of ≥1:800. There was a significant association between positive sera and various parts of the rural areas of Alborz Province (P<0.002). Two children with anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies titers of ≥1:3,200 indicated kala-azar clinical features and treated with anti-leishmaniasis drugs in pediatric hospital. The findings of this study indicated that Leishmania infection is prevalent in rural areas of Alborz Province. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the awareness and alertness among physicians and public health managers, particularly in high-risk rural areas of the province in Iran.

Citations

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A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of Leishmania infantum in sandflies in Iran
Sara Rahimi, Homa Arshadi, Hamid Reza Shoraka, Aioub Sofizadeh, Arman Latifi
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine.2024; 17(11): 491. CrossRef
Unraveling the role of natural killer cells in leishmaniasis
Zahra Alizadeh, Pooya Omidnia, Farag M.A. Altalbawy, Gamal A. Gabr, Rasha Fadhel Obaid, Narges Rostami, Saeed Aslani, Aliehsan Heidari, Hamed Mohammadi
International Immunopharmacology.2023; 114: 109596. CrossRef
Prevalence of human visceral leishmaniasis in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Mosayeb Rostamian, Homayoon Bashiri, Vahid Yousefinejad, Arezoo Bozorgomid, Nasrollah Sohrabi, Saber Raeghi, Mohammad Taghi Khodayari, Keyghobad Ghadiri, Shahab Rezaeian
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.2021; 75: 101604. CrossRef
Seroepidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis among free-roaming dogs and children in Zahedan city, southeast of Iran, 2018–2020
Baharak Akhtardanesh, Mahshid Mostafavi, Javad Khedri, Ayoob Fakhri, Iraj Sharifi, Mehdi Khoshsima Shahraki
Microbial Pathogenesis.2021; 161: 105234. CrossRef
Seroepidemiological study on visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic focus of central Iran during 2017
Leyli Zanjirani Farahani, Mehdi Mohebali, Behnaz Akhoundi, Abedin Saghafipour, Zahra Kakooei
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2019; 43(1): 22. CrossRef
Paediatric visceral leishmaniasis: a retrospective study on clinical manifestations, demographic features and laboratory findings of hospitalised cases in Iran between 2006 and 2016
Manijeh Nourian, Aliehsan Heidari, Saleheh Tajali, Erfan Ghasemi, Mehdi Mohebali, Amir Heidari
Tropical Doctor.2019; 49(1): 59. CrossRef
Population structures of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania tropica the causative agents of kala-azar in Southwest Iran
Mohammad Amin Ghatee, Hossein Mirhendi, Mehdi Karamian, Walter R. Taylor, Iraj Sharifi, Massood Hosseinzadeh, Zahra Kanannejad
Parasitology Research.2018; 117(11): 3447. CrossRef
Autoantibodies in a Three-Year-Old Girl with Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall
Gholamreza Pouladfar, Zahra Jafarpour, Amir Hossein Babaei, Bahman Pourabbas, Bita Geramizadeh, Anahita Sanaei Dashti
Case Reports in Infectious Diseases.2016; 2016: 1. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Production and Evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii Recombinant GRA7 for Serodiagnosis of Human Infections: Mina Selseleh, Hossein Keshavarz, Mehdi Mohebali, Saeedeh Shojaee, Monavar Selseleh, Mohammad Reza Eshragian, Fatemeh Mansouri, Mohammad Hossein Modarressi; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(3):233-238.
Published online August 13, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.3.233

Abstract
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The precise diagnosis of the acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and immunocompromsied patients has critical importance. Most of the commercially available assays use the whole Toxoplasma soluble extract as the antigen. However, the assays currently available for the detection of specific anti-Toxoplasma antibodies may vary in their abilities to detect serum immunoglobulins, due to the lack of a purified standardized antigen. The aim of this study was production and evaluation of the usefulness of the recombinant Toxoplasma gondii GRA7 antigen for the serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii IgM and IgG by ELISA. A total of 70 T. gondii IgM positive sera, 74 T. gondii IgG positive sera, and 60 sera from subjects who were not infected with T. gondii were examined. These sera were shown different absorbance values in ELISA test. To control the specificity of the rGRA7 other parasitic diseases, for example, echinococcosis, malaria, leishmaniasis, fascioliasis, and strongyloidiasis were tested of which none showed positive results. Sensitivity and specificity of the generated recombinant IgG ELISA in comparison with commercial ELISA (com ELISA) were 89% and 90%, and the sensitivity and specificity of the generated recombinant IgM ELISA were 96% and 90%, respectively. The results obtained here show that this antigen is useful for diagnostic purposes.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

IgM Antibody Detection as a Diagnostic Marker for Acute Toxoplasmosis: Current Status of Studies and Main Limitations
Karolina Sołowińska, Lucyna Holec-Gąsior
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Design of a Multi-epitope Antigen for Toxoplasmosis Diagnosis: An Immunoinformatics Approach
Negar Asadi, Elham Yousefi, Sadegh Feizollahzadeh, Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh, Shahram Khademvatan, Gordon S. Howarth
Acta Parasitologica.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Spread of Toxoplasmosis in Women within Al-Rifai District
Rehab Issa Hashem Suhail, Shimaa Ahmed Mutab Nayef, Teeba Sabah Daham Mohammed, Yaqeen Mohammed Mahmud, Abdalrhman Falah Omar Ali
European Journal of Medical and Health Research.2024; 2(4): 257. CrossRef
Trend in serological and molecular diagnostic methods for Toxoplasma gondii infection
Min-ju Kim, Soeun J. Park, Hyunwoo Park
European Journal of Medical Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparative Performance of Recombinant GRA6, GRA7, and GRA14 for the Serodetection of T. gondii Infection and Analysis of IgG Subclasses in Human Sera from the Philippines
Rochelle Haidee Ybañez, Yoshifumi Nishikawa
Pathogens.2022; 11(2): 277. CrossRef
Utility of blood as the clinical specimen for the diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis using uracil DNA glycosylase-supplemented loop-mediated isothermal amplification and real-time polymerase chain reaction assays based on REP-529 sequence and B1 gene
Bahman Rahimi Esboei, Shirzad Fallahi, Mohammad Zarei, Bahram Kazemi, Mehdi Mohebali, Saeedeh Shojaee, Parisa Mousavi, Aref Teimouri, Raziyeh Mahmoudzadeh, Mirataollah Salabati, Hossein Keshavarz Valian
BMC Infectious Diseases.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Four Chemotherapeutic Compounds That Limit Blood-Brain-Barrier Invasion by Toxoplasma gondii
Zijing Yan, Hao Yuan, Junjie Wang, Zipeng Yang, Pian Zhang, Yasser S. Mahmmod, Xiaohu Wang, Tanghui Liu, Yining Song, Zhaowen Ren, Xiu-Xiang Zhang, Zi-Guo Yuan
Molecules.2022; 27(17): 5572. CrossRef
Assessment of an In-House Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and IgG Avidity Test Based on SAG1 and GRA7 Proteins for Discriminating between Acute and Chronic Toxoplasmosis in Humans
Aref Teimouri, Mohammad Javad Abbaszadeh Afshar, Sina Mohtasebi, Sanaz Jafarpour Azami, Rasoul Alimi, Hossein Keshavarz, Bobbi S. Pritt
Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Enhancing Immune Responses to a DNA Vaccine Encoding Toxoplasma gondii GRA7 Using Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles as an Adjuvant
Hong-Chao Sun, Jing Huang, Yuan Fu, Li-Li Hao, Xin Liu, Tuan-Yuan Shi
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Designing Diagnostic Kit for Toxoplasma gondii Based on GRA7, SAG1, and ROP1 Antigens: An In Silico Strategy
Amirreza Javadi Mamaghani, Seyyed Javad Seyyed Tabaei, Mohammad Mehdi Ranjbar, Ali Haghighi, Adel Spotin, Parisa Ataee Dizaji, Hanieh Rezaee
International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics.2020; 26(4): 2269. CrossRef
Serological detection of T. gondii infection in humans using an immunochromatographic assay based on dense granule protein 7
Rochelle Haidee D. Ybañez, Yoshifumi Nishikawa
Parasitology International.2020; 76: 102089. CrossRef
Detection of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in cats using an immunochromatographic test based on GRA7 antigen
Rochelle Haidee D. YBAÑEZ, Hisako KYAN, Yoshifumi NISHIKAWA
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science.2020; 82(4): 441. CrossRef
Review on the Current Trends of Toxoplasmosis Serodiagnosis in Humans
Rochelle Haidee D. Ybañez, Adrian P. Ybañez, Yoshifumi Nishikawa
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
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Juntao Luo, Jingyi Wan, Ziru Tang, Shuang Shen
Experimental Parasitology.2019; 204: 107722. CrossRef
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Amirreza Javadi Mamaghani, Anwar Fathollahi, Adel Spotin, Mohammad mehdi Ranjbar, Meisam Barati, Somayeh Aghamolaie, Maryam Karimi, Niloofar Taghipour, Mohammad Ashrafi, Seyyed Javad Seyyed Tabaei
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Ali Rostami, Panagiotis Karanis, Shirzad Fallahi
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Juan Gabriel Costa, María Julia Vilariño
Biomarkers in Medicine.2018; 12(5): 517. CrossRef
Detection of toxoplasma-specific immunoglobulin G in human sera: performance comparison of in house Dot-ELISA with ECLIA and ELISA
Aref Teimouri, Mohammad Hossein Modarressi, Saeedeh Shojaee, Mehdi Mohebali, Nima Zouei, Mostafa Rezaian, Hossein Keshavarz
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases.2018; 37(8): 1421. CrossRef
The association of latent toxoplasmosis and level of serum testosterone in humans
Nima Zouei, Saeedeh Shojaee, Mehdi Mohebali, Hossein Keshavarz
BMC Research Notes.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
The relation of secondary sex ratio and miscarriage history with Toxoplasma gondii infection
Saeedeh Shojaee, Aref Teimouri, Hossein Keshavarz, Sanaz Jafarpour Azami, Sahar Nouri
BMC Infectious Diseases.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in cattle in Mongolia
Baldorj Pagmadulam, Punsantsogvoo Myagmarsuren, Ragab M. Fereig, Makoto Igarashi, Naoaki Yokoyama, Badgar Battsetseg, Yoshifumi Nishikawa
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports.2018; 14: 11. CrossRef
Early detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection by using a interferon gamma release assay: A review
Shima Mahmoudi, Setareh Mamishi, Xun Suo, Hossein Keshavarz
Experimental Parasitology.2017; 172: 39. CrossRef
Toxoplasma gondii GRA7-Targeted ASC and PLD1 Promote Antibacterial Host Defense via PKCα
Hyun-Jung Koh, Ye-Ram Kim, Jae-Sung Kim, Jin-Seung Yun, Kiseok Jang, Chul-Su Yang, Sarah M. Fortune
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Dense Granule Protein-7 (GRA-7) of Toxoplasma gondii inhibits viral replication in vitro and in vivo
Prasanna Weeratunga, Thilina U. B. Herath, Tae-Hwan Kim, Hyun-Cheol Lee, Jae-Hoon Kim, Byeong-Hoon Lee, Eun-Seo Lee, Kiramage Chathuranga, W. A. Gayan Chathuranga, Chul-Su Yang, Jin Yeul Ma, Jong-Soo Lee
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Ahmad Rouhizadeh, Ata A Ghadiri, Mohammad Razi Jalali, Masoud Ghorbanpour, Mohammad Hossein Razi Jalali
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Toxoplasma gondii GRA7-Induced TRAF6 Activation Contributes to Host Protective Immunity
Chul-Su Yang, Jae-Min Yuk, Young-Ha Lee, Eun-Kyeong Jo, J. H. Adams
Infection and Immunity.2016; 84(1): 339. CrossRef
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Zedong Wang, Wei Ge, Jiping Li, Mingxing Song, Hongchao Sun, Feng Wei, Quan Liu
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease.2014; 11(9): 734. CrossRef
Toxoplasma gondii infection: What is the real situation?
Waenurama Chemoh, Nongyao Sawangjaroen, Veeranoot Nissapatorn, Chitkasaem Suwanrath, Verapol Chandeying, Thanaporn Hortiwakul, Hemah Andiappan, Natthawan Sermwittayawong, Bunsri Charoenmak, Pisut Siripaitoon, Amorn Lekkla, Yaowalark Sukthana
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Clinical and Vaccine Immunology.2013; 20(9): 1343. CrossRef

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Original Article

Real-Time RT-PCR on SAG1 and BAG1 Gene Expression during Stage Conversion in Immunosuppressed Mice Infected with Toxoplasma gondii Tehran Strain: Monavar Selseleh, Mohammad Hossein Modarressi, Mehdi Mohebali, Saeedeh Shojaee, Mohammad Reza Eshragian, Mina Selseleh, Ebrahim Azizi, Hossein Keshavarz; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(3):199-205.
Published online August 13, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.3.199

Abstract
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Toxoplasmic encephalitis is caused by reactivation of bradyzoites to rapidly dividing tachyzoites of the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii in immunocompromised hosts. Diagnosis of this life-threatening disease is problematic, because it is difficult to discriminate between these 2 stages. Toxoplasma PCR assays using gDNA as a template have been unable to discriminate between an increase or decrease in SAG1 and BAG1 expression between the active tachyzoite stage and the latent bradyzoite stage. In the present study, real-time RT-PCR assay was used to detect the expression of bradyzoite (BAG1)- and tachyzoite-specific genes (SAG1) during bradyzoite/tachyzoite stage conversion in mice infected with T. gondii Tehran strain after dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DXM) administration. The conversion reaction was observed in the lungs and brain tissues of experimental mice, indicated by SAG1 expression at day 6 after DXM administration, and continued until day 14. Bradyzoites were also detected in both organs throughout the study; however, it decreased at day 14 significantly. It is suggested that during the reactivation period, bradyzoites not only escape from the cysts and reinvade neighboring cells as tachyzoites, but also converted to new bradyzoites. In summary, the real-time RT-PCR assay provided a reliable, fast, and quantitative way of detecting T. gondii reactivation in an animal model. Thus, this method may be useful for diagnosing stage conversion in clinical specimens of immunocompromised patients (HIV or transplant patients) for early identification of tachyzoite-bradyzoite stage conversion.

Citations

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Human Retinal Organoid Model of Ocular Toxoplasmosis
Liam M. Ashander, Grace E. Lidgerwood, Amanda L. Lumsden, João M. Furtado, Alice Pébay, Justine R. Smith
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Dan Zhao, Yanzhen Liao, Hao Liu, Jianwei Wang, Ruiying Liang, Rongqiong Zhou, Jiabo Ding, Sixin Zhang, Xinming Tang
Virulence.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
High Efficacy of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles for Treatment of Toxoplasma Gondii Infection Through Their Immunomodulatory, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Potency
Qais A.H. Majeed, Sultan F. Alnomasy, Abdullah F. Shater, Abdullah D. Alanazi
Acta Parasitologica.2024; 69(2): 1201. CrossRef
Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis Using Surface Antigen Grade 1 Detection by ELISA, Nano-Gold ELISA, and PCR in Pregnant Women
Nagwa SM Aly, Hye-Sook Kim, Yasmin M Marei, Azza S Elhamshary, Ibrahim R Bayoumi, Rabab E Omar, Dina A Mohammed, Shin-Ichi Miyoshi, Gehan A Rashed
International Journal of Nanomedicine.2023; Volume 18: 1335. CrossRef
Assessment of tissue levels of miR-146a and proinflammatory cytokines in experimental cerebral toxoplasmosis following atovaquone and clindamycin treatment: An in vivo study
Nima Zouei, Abdolhossein Dalimi, Majid Pirestani, Fatemeh Ghaffarifar
Microbial Pathogenesis.2023; 184: 106340. CrossRef
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Food Microbiology.2021; 99: 103798. CrossRef
Temporal expression of Toxoplasma stage-specific genes in brain tissue: coincidence with parasitological and histopathological findings in mice models
Mona H. El-Sayad, Neveen A. Hussein, A. H. Kazem, Omnya A. El Geddawi, Enas M. Rizk, Hend A. El-Taweel
Parasitology Research.2020; 119(7): 2299. CrossRef
Micronemal protein 13 contributes to the optimal growth of Toxoplasma gondii under stress conditions
Shu Ye, Ningbo Xia, Pengfei Zhao, Jichao Yang, Yanqin Zhou, Bang Shen, Junlong Zhao
Parasitology Research.2019; 118(3): 935. CrossRef
Nanoemulsion of atovaquone as a promising approach for treatment of acute and chronic toxoplasmosis
Sanaz Jafarpour Azami, Amir Amani, Hossein Keshavarz, Roqya Najafi-Taher, Mehdi Mohebali, Mohammad Ali Faramarzi, Mahmood Mahmoudi, Saeedeh Shojaee
European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences.2018; 117: 138. CrossRef
ANK1 and DnaK-TPR, Two Tetratricopeptide Repeat-Containing Proteins Primarily Expressed in Toxoplasma Bradyzoites, Do Not Contribute to Bradyzoite Differentiation
Jichao Yang, Lihong Zhang, Huiyan Diao, Ningbo Xia, Yanqin Zhou, Junlong Zhao, Bang Shen
Frontiers in Microbiology.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Deletion of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 inhibits development and growth of Toxoplasma gondii
Lili Cao, Zedong Wang, Shuchao Wang, Jiping Li, Xinglong Wang, Feng Wei, Quan Liu
Parasitology Research.2016; 115(2): 797. CrossRef
Brain cystogenesis capacity of Toxoplasma gondii, avirulent Tehran strain in mice
Mehrzad Saraei, Yosef Ghaderi, Tahereh Mosavi, Mojtaba Shahnazi, Hossein Keshavarz, Saeedeh Shojaee
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease.2014; 4: S739. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Genetic diversity in merozoite surface protein (MSP)-1 and MSP-2 genes of Plasmodium falciparum in a major endemic region of Iran: Aliehsan Heidari, Hossein Keshavarz, Mohammad B Rokni, Tomas Jelinek; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(1):59-63.
Published online March 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.1.59

Abstract
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Merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) and merozoite surface protein-2 (MSP-2) were used to develop vaccines and to investigate the genetic diversity in Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Iran. Nested polymerase chain reaction amplification was used to determine polymorphisms of block 2 of the MSP-1 and the central domain of MSP-2 genes. A total of 67 microscopically positive P. falciparum infected individuals from a major endemic region, southeast Iran, were included in this trial. Nine alleles of MSP-1 and 11 alleles of MSP-2 were identified. The results showed that amplified product from these surface antigen genes varied in size and there was specific pattern for each isolate. Besides, regarding this pattern, 23 multiple infections with at least 2 alleles were observed. While the endemic regions of malaria in Iran is classified in low to moderate group, but extensive polymorphism was observed for each marker and the MSP-2 central repeat was the most diverse that could be considered in designing malaria vaccine.

Citations

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Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax field isolates from the Nowshera district of Pakistan
Chandni Hayat, Atif Kamil, Asifullah Khan, Aniqa Sayed, Kehkashan Akbar, Sahib Gul Afridi
Malaria Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Population genetic analyses inferred a limited genetic diversity across the pvama-1 DI domain among Plasmodium vivax isolates from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa regions of Pakistan
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