Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"IgG2a"

Brief Communication

Purification and biochemical characterization of two novel antigens from Leishmania major promastigotes: Majid Zeinali, Sussan K. Ardestani, Amina Kariminia; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(4):287-293.
Published online December 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.4.287

Abstract
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The identification and characterization of antigens that elicit human T cell responses is an important step toward understanding of Leishmania major infection and ultimately in the development of a vaccine. Micropreparative SDS-PAGE followed by electrotransfer to a PVDF membrane and elution of proteins from the PVDF, was used to separate 2 novel proteins from L. major promastigotes, which can induce antibodies of the IgG2a isotype in mice and also are recognized by antisera of recovered human cutaneous leishmaniasis subjects. Fractionation of the crude extract of L. major revealed that all detectable proteins of interest were present within the soluble Leishmania antigens (SLA). Quantitation of these proteins showed that their expression in promastigotes is relatively very low. Considering the molecular weight, immunoreactivity, chromatographic and electrophoretic behavior in reducing and non-reducing conditions, these proteins are probably 2 isoforms of a single protein. A digest of these proteins was resolved on Tricine-SDS-PAGE and immunoreactive fragments were identified by human sera. Two immunoreactive fragments (36.4 and 34.8 kDa) were only generated by endoproteinase Glu-C treatment. These immunoreactive fragments or their parent molecules may be ideal candidates for incorporation in a cocktail vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis.

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Highly Effective Serodiagnosis for Chagas' Disease
Pilar Hernández, Michael Heimann, Cristina Riera, Marco Solano, José Santalla, Alejandro O. Luquetti, Ewald Beck
Clinical and Vaccine Immunology.2010; 17(10): 1598. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Changes of cytokine mRNA expression and IgG responses in rats infected with Capillaria hepatica: Dong-Kwan Kim, Kyoung-Hwan Joo, Myung-Sook Chung; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(2):95-102.
Published online June 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.2.95

Abstract
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The mRNA expression of several cytokines was evaluated in splenocytes and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells of rats infected with Capillaria hepatica by reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR until week 12 after infection. IgG1 and IgG2a, which are associated with Th1 and Th2 response, respectively, were also assessed by ELISA. The results indicated that the majority of cytokines, including the Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-γ) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10) were expressed at maximal levels during the early stage of infection (after week 1-2), and the ELISA data also evidenced a similar pattern of changes in IgG1 and IgG2a. Th1 and Th2 cytokines responded in a similar fashion in this rat model. The expression of cytokines in splenocytes was significantly higher than that in MLN cells, thereby indicating that cytokine production is controlled more by spleen than by MLN. In addition, the observation that IFN-γ expression increased unexpectedly at the time of maximal egg production (6 weeks after infection) indicated that IFN-γ is a cytokine reacting against egg production. However, increased IL-5 expression occurring in tandem with worm activity indicated that the activity of C. hepatica might be controlled by IL-5 expression.

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Identification of novel Leishmania major antigens that elicit IgG2a response in resistant and susceptible mice: Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Majid Zeinali, Sussan K. Ardestani, Amina Kariminia; Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(1):43-48.
Published online March 20, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.1.43

Abstract
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Experimental murine models with high, intermediate and low levels of genetically based susceptibility to Leishmania major infection reproduce almost entire spectrum of clinical manifestations of the human disease. There are increasing non-comparative studies on immune responses against isolated antigens of L. major in different murine strains. The aim of the present study was to find out whether there is an antigen that can induce protective immune response in resistant and susceptible murine strains. To do that, crude antigenic extract of procyclic and metacyclic promastigotes of L. major was prepared and subjected to SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Western-blotting was used to search for antigen(s) capable of raising high antibody level of IgG2a versus IgG1 in the sera of both infected resistant and susceptible strains. Two novel antigens from metacyclic promastigotes of L. major (140 and 152 kDa) were potentially able to induce specific dominant IgG2a responses in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. The 2 antigens also reacted with IgG antibody of cutaneous leishmaniasis patients. We confirm that 140 and 152 kDa proteins of L. major promastigotes are inducing IgG production in mice and humans.

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Purification and biochemical characterization of two novel antigens from Leishmania major promastigotes
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