Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Leishmania amazonensis"

Original Articles

Use of In Vivo and In Vitro Systems to Select Leishmania amazonensis Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein: Solange dos Santos Costa, Marjorie de Assis Golim, Bartira Rossi-Bergmann, Fabio Trindade Maranh?o Costa, Selma Giorgio; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(4):357-364.
Published online December 16, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.4.357

Abstract
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Various Leishmania species were engineered with green fluorescent protein (GFP) using episomal vectors that encoded an antibiotic resistance gene, such as aminoglycoside geneticin sulphate (G418). Most reports of GFP-Leishmania have used the flagellated extracellular promastigote, the stage of parasite detected in the midgut of the sandfly vector; fewer studies have been performed with amastigotes, the stage of parasite detected in mammals. In this study, comparisons were made regarding the efficiency for in vitro G418 selection of GFP-Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and amastigotes and the use of in vivo G418 selection. The GFP-promastigotes retained episomal plasmid for a prolonged period and G418 treatment was necessary and efficient for in vitro selection. In contrast, GFP-amastigotes showed low retention of the episomal plasmid in the absence of G418 selection and low sensitivity to antibiotics in vitro. The use of protocols for G418 selection using infected BALB/c mice also indicated low sensitivity to antibiotics against amastigotes in cutaneous lesions.

Citations

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Romário Lopes Boy, Ahyun Hong, Juliana Ide Aoki, Lucile Maria Floeter-Winter, Maria Fernanda Laranjeira-Silva
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Pharmaceutics.2022; 15(1): 51. CrossRef
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Single-dose treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis with an easily synthesized chalcone entrapped in polymeric microparticles
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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
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Development of Leishmania donovani stably expressing DsRed for flow cytometry-based drug screening using chalcone thiazolyl-hydrazone as a new antileishmanial target
Anil Kumar Jaiswal, K. Bhaskara Rao, Pragati Kushwaha, Keerti Rawat, Ram K. Modukuri, Prashant Khare, Sumit Joshi, Shikha Mishra, Ambak Rai, Koneni V. Sashidhara, Anuradha Dube
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Evaluation of the leishmanicidal and cytotoxic effects of inhibitors for microorganism metabolic pathway enzymes
Ademar de Mesquita Barbosa, Solange dos Santos Costa, Josmar Rodrigues da Rocha, Carlos Alberto Montanari, Selma Giorgio
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An alternative in vitro drug screening test using Leishmania amazonensis transfected with red fluorescent protein
Marcele N. Rocha, Célia M. Corrêa, Maria N. Melo, Stephen M. Beverley, Olindo Assis Martins-Filho, Ana Paula Madureira, Rodrigo P. Soares
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease.2013; 75(3): 282. CrossRef

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Aureobasidium-Derived Soluble Branched (1,3-1,6) β-Glucan (Sophy β-glucan) Enhances Natural Killer Activity in Leishmania amazonensis-Infected Mice: Lalani Yatawara, Susiji Wickramasinghe, Mitsuru Nagataki, Misa Takamoto, Haruka Nomura, Yasunori Ikeue, Yoshiya Watanabe, Takeshi Agatsuma; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(4):345-351.
Published online December 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.4.345

Abstract
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The β-glucans derived from yeast cell walls have been reported for having many immunomodulatory activities in vivo and in vitro. In this study, Aureobasidium-derived soluble branched (1,3-1,6) β-glucan (Sophy β-glucan) was checked for natural killer (NK) activity and for the production of IFN-γ and IL-4 in Leishmania amazonensis infection. The main experiment was performed with a group of female C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, orally supplemented with 5% of Sophy β-glucan and infected with promastogotes of L. amazonensis (1 × 10⁷) into the footpad. Increase in the footpad thickness with time was observed in BALB/c mice in spite of the oral Sophy β-glucan supplement, but it was less in C57BL/6 mice. The difference in overall mean footpad thickness between 'infection only' versus 'infection + glucan' groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). High NK activity in C57BL/6 than BALB/c mice was observed in 'glucan only' group compared to the control group and also in 'infection + glucan' group compared to 'infection only' group. The difference in the NK activity among these groups was significant (P < 0.05). The IFN-γ level increased at weeks 7 and 8 post-infection in C57BL/6 mice and was significantly high in 'infection + glucan' group compared to the 'infection only' group (P < 0.05). IL-4 levels did not increase up to detectable levels throughout the study. The results led a conclusion that Sophy β-glucan enhances NK activity and cellular immunity in L. amazonensis-infected mice.

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A Novel Organotellurium Compound (RT-01) as a New Antileishmanial Agent: Camila B?rbara Cantalupo Lima, Wagner Welber Arrais-Silva, Rodrigo Luiz Oliveira Rodrigues Cunha, Selma Giorgio; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(3):213-218.
Published online August 28, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.3.213

Abstract
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Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease and endemic in developing countries. A lack of adequate and definitive chemotherapeutic agents to fight against this infection has led to the investigation of numerous compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of RT-01, an organotellurane compound presenting biological activities, in 2 experimental systems against Leishmania amazonensis. The in vitro system consisted of promastigotes and amastigotes forms of the parasite, and the in vivo system consisted of L. amazonensis infected BALB/c mice, an extremely susceptible mouse strain. The compound proved to be toxic against promastigotes and amastigotes. The study also showed that treatment with RT-01 produces an effect similar to that treatment with the reference antimonial drug, Glucantime, in L. amazonensis infected mice. The best results were obtained following RT-01 intralesional administration (720 ?g/kg/day); mice showed significant delay in the development of cutaneous lesions and decreased numbers of parasites obtained from the lesions. Significant differences in tissue pathology consisted mainly of no expressive accumulation of inflammatory cells and well-preserved structures in the skin tissue of RT-01-treated mice compared with expressive infiltration of infected cells replacing the skin tissue in lesions of untreated mice. These findings highlight the fact that the apparent potency of organotellurane compounds, together with their relatively simple structure, may represent a new avenue for the development of novel drugs to combat parasitic diseases.

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Protective effect of lectin from Synadenium carinatum on Leishmania amazonensis infection in BALB/c mice: Sandra R. Afonso-Cardoso, Fl?vio H. Rodrigues, M?rcio A.B. Gomes, Adriano G. Silva, Ademir Rocha, Aparecida H.B. Guimar?es, Ign?s Candeloro, S?lvio Favoreto, Marcelo S. Ferreira, Maria A. de Souza; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(4):255-266.
Published online December 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.4.255

Abstract
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The protective effect of the Synadenium carinatum latex lectin (ScLL), and the possibility of using it as an adjuvant in murine model of vaccination against American cutaneous leishmaniasis, were evaluated. BALB/c mice were immunized with the lectin ScLL (10, 50, 100 ?g/animal) separately or in association with the soluble Leishmania amazonensis antigen (SLA). After a challenge infection with 10⁶ promastigotes, the injury progression was monitored weekly by measuring the footpad swelling for 10 weeks. ScLL appeared to be capable of conferring partial protection to the animals, being most evident when ScLL was used in concentrations of 50 and 100 ?g/animal. Also the parasite load in the interior of macrophages showed significant reduction (61.7%) when compared to the control group. With regard to the cellular response, ScLL 50 and 100 ?g/animal stimulated the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction significantly (P < 0.05) higher than SLA or SLA plus ScLL 10 weeks after the challenge infection. The detection of high levels of IgG2a and the expression of mRNA cytokines, such as IFN-γ, IL-12, and TNF-α (Th1 profiles), corroborated the protective role of this lectin against cutaneous leishmaniasis. This is the first report of the ScLL effect on leishmaniasis and shows a promising role for ScLL to be explored in other experimental models for treatment of leishmaniasis.

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