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"Leishmania major"

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"Leishmania major"

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Tamoxifen Induces Apoptosis of Leishmania major Promastigotes in Vitro
Masoud Doroodgar, Mahdi Delavari, Moein Doroodgar, Ali Abbasi, Ali Akbar Taherian, Abbas Doroodgar
Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):9-14.
Published online February 26, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.9
Tamoxifen is an antagonist of the estrogen receptor and currently used for the treatment of breast cancer. The current treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with pentavalent antimony compounds is not satisfactory. Therefore, in this study, due to its antileishmanial activity, effects of tamoxifen on the growth of promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania major Iranian strain were evaluated in vitro. Promastigotes and amastigotes were treated with different concentrations (1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 μg/ml) and time periods (24, 48, and 72 hr) of tamoxifen. After tamoxifen treatment, MTT assay (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 biphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay) was used to determine the percentage of live parasites and Graph Pad Prism software to calculate IC50. Flow cytometry was applied to investigate the induction of tamoxifen-induced apoptosis in promastigotes. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of tamoxifen on promastigotes was 2.6 μg/ml after 24 hr treatment. Flow cytometry analysis showed that tamoxifen induced early and late apoptosis in Leishmania promastigotes. While after 48 hr in control group the apoptosis was 2.0%, the 50 ?g/L concentration of tamoxifen increased it to 59.7%. Based on the in vitro antileishmanial effect, tamoxifen might be used for leishmaniasis treatment; however, further researches on in vivo effects of tamoxifen in animal models are needed.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Therapeutic effect of topical tamoxifen in murine cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major
    Parastoo Hassani-Abharian, Seyedamirmehdi Hejazi Dehaghani, Zabihollah Shahmoradi, Seyed Hossein Hejazi, Audrey Odom John
    Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Compared Antileishmanial Activity of Clomiphene and Tamoxifen
    Sergio Sifontes-Rodríguez, Alma Reyna Escalona-Montaño, Ricardo Mondragón Flores, Niurka Mollineda-Diogo, Lianet Monzote Fidalgo, Mónica Edith Mondragón-Castelán, Fedra Alardin-Gutiérrez, Lourdes Araceli López-Enzana, Daniel Andrés Sánchez-Almaraz, Ofelia
    Biomedicines.2024; 12(10): 2290.     CrossRef
  • Caryocar coriaceumWittm. fruit extracts asLeishmaniainhibitors:in-vitroandin-silicoapproaches
    Fernanda Tomiotto-Pellissier, Daniela Ribeiro Alves, Selene Maia de Morais, Bruna Taciane da Silva Bortoleti, Manoela Daiele Gonçalves, Taylon Felipe Silva, Eliandro Reis Tavares, Lucy Megumi Yamauchi, Idessania Nazareth Costa, Emmanuel Silva Marinho, Mar
    Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics.2022; 40(17): 8040.     CrossRef
  • Antileishmanial Activity of Tamoxifen by Targeting Sphingolipid Metabolism: A Review
    Kaleab Alemayehu Zewdie, Haftom Gebregergs Hailu, Muluken Altaye Ayza, Bekalu Amare Tesfaye
    Clinical Pharmacology: Advances and Applications.2022; Volume 14: 11.     CrossRef
  • The potential role and apoptotic profile of three medicinal plant extracts on Leishmania tropica by MTT assay, macrophage model and flow cytometry analysis
    Mozhde Ilaghi, Iraj Sharifi, Fariba Sharififar, Fatemeh Sharifi, Razieh Tavakoli Oliaee, Zahra Babaei, Manzume Shamsi Meimamandi, Alireza Keyhani, Mehdi Bamorovat
    Parasite Epidemiology and Control.2021; 12: e00201.     CrossRef
  • Apoptosis-Like Cell Death in Leishmania major Treated with HESA-A: An Herbal Marine Compound
    Jasem Saki, Khalil Saki, Reza Arjmand
    Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria: An Experimental Study
    Aakriti Garg, Arti Singh, Anoop Kumar
    Future Microbiology.2021; 16(13): 987.     CrossRef
  • Network-Based Approaches Reveal Potential Therapeutic Targets for Host-Directed Antileishmanial Therapy Driving Drug Repurposing
    J. Eduardo Martinez-Hernandez, Zaynab Hammoud, Alessandra Mara de Sousa, Frank Kramer, Rubens L. do Monte-Neto, Vinicius Maracaja-Coutinho, Alberto J. M. Martin, Tim Downing
    Microbiology Spectrum.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Male predominance in reported Visceral Leishmaniasis cases: Nature or nurture? A comparison of population-based with health facility-reported data
    Kristien Cloots, Sakib Burza, Paritosh Malaviya, Epco Hasker, Sangeeta Kansal, Guy Mollett, Jaya Chakravarty, Nurpur Roy, Bibek Kumar Lal, Suman Rijal, Shyam Sundar, Marleen Boelaert, Guilherme L. Werneck
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2020; 14(1): e0007995.     CrossRef
  • Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Mechanistic Insights Against Microbial Infections
    Aakriti Garg, Balraj Singh, Ruchika Sharma, Arti Singh, Anoop Kumar
    Current Molecular Medicine.2020; 20(2): 102.     CrossRef
  • Epidemiology, Associated Factors and Treatment Methods of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Based on Previous Data from 2013 to 2018 in Ilam, Western Iran
    Nasrin Rezaee, Vahid Raissi, Ahmad Rajaeipour, Mehdi Nazari, Muhammad Getso, Ali Taghipour, Omid Raiesi, Asmaa Ibrahim
    Acta Parasitologica.2020; 65(3): 760.     CrossRef
  • Diethyldithiocarbamate encapsulation reduces toxicity and promotes leishmanicidal effect through apoptosis-like mechanism in promastigote and ROS production by macrophage
    João Paulo Assolini, Fernanda Tomiotto-Pellissier, Bruna Taciane da Silva Bortoleti, Manoela Daiele Gonçalves, Claudia Stoeglehner Sahd, Amanda Cristina Machado Carloto, Paulo Emilio Feuser, Arthur Poester Cordeiro, Sergio Marques Borghi, Waldiceu Apareci
    Journal of Drug Targeting.2020; 28(10): 1110.     CrossRef
  • 4-nitrochalcone exerts leishmanicidal effect on L. amazonensis promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes, and the 4-nitrochalcone encapsulation in beeswax copaiba oil nanoparticles reduces macrophages cytotoxicity
    João Paulo Assolini, Thais Peron da Silva, Bruna Taciane da Silva Bortoleti, Manoela Daiele Gonçalves, Fernanda Tomiotto-Pellissier, Claudia Stoeglehner Sahd, Amanda Cristina Machado Carloto, Paulo Emilio Feuser, Arthur Poester Cordeiro, Claudia Sayer, Pe
    European Journal of Pharmacology.2020; 884: 173392.     CrossRef
  • Repurposing azole antifungals into antileishmanials: Novel 3-triazolylflavanones with promising in vitro antileishmanial activity against Leishmania major
    Masoud Keighobadi, Saeed Emami, Mahdi Fakhar, Azar Shokri, Hassan Mirzaei, Saeed Hosseini Teshnizi
    Parasitology International.2019; 69: 103.     CrossRef
  • Study of Ethinyl Estradiol Activity Against Promastigotes, Axenic and Macrophage-Dwelling Amastigotes of Leishmania infantum by Using Atomic Force Microscopy and Methyl Thiazolyl Tetrazolium Methods
    Farnoush Shadnoush, Reza Arjmand, Fakher Rahim, Jasem Saki
    Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Repurposing as a strategy for the discovery of new anti-leishmanials: the-state-of-the-art
    REBECCA L. CHARLTON, BARTIRA ROSSI-BERGMANN, PAUL W. DENNY, PATRICK G. STEEL
    Parasitology.2018; 145(2): 219.     CrossRef
  • Caryocar coriaceum extracts exert leishmanicidal effect acting in promastigote forms by apoptosis-like mechanism and intracellular amastigotes by Nrf2/HO-1/ferritin dependent response and iron depletion
    Fernanda Tomiotto-Pellissier, Daniela Ribeiro Alves, Milena Menegazzo Miranda-Sapla, Selene Maia de Morais, João Paulo Assolini, Bruna Taciane da Silva Bortoleti, Manoela Daiele Gonçalves, Allan Henrique Depieri Cataneo, Danielle Kian, Tiago Bervelieri Ma
    Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2018; 98: 662.     CrossRef
  • Epidemiological Aspects of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis during 2009-2016 in Kashan City, Central Iran
    Doroodgar Moein, Doroodgar Masoud, Mahboobi Saeed, Doroodgar Abbas
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(1): 21.     CrossRef
  • Tamoxifen Never Ceases to Amaze: New Findings on Non-Estrogen Receptor Molecular Targets and Mediated Effects
    Tatiana Anatolievna Bogush, Boris Borisovich Polezhaev, Ivan Andreevich Mamichev, Elena Alexandrovna Bogush, Boris Evseevich Polotsky, Sergei Alexeevich Tjulandin, Andrey Borisovich Ryabov
    Cancer Investigation.2018; 36(4): 211.     CrossRef
  • Cell death mechanisms in Leishmania amazonensis triggered by methylene blue-mediated antiparasitic photodynamic therapy
    Débora P. Aureliano, José Angelo Lauletta Lindoso, Sandra Regina de Castro Soares, Cleusa Fumika Hirata Takakura, Thiago Martini Pereira, Martha Simões Ribeiro
    Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy.2018; 23: 1.     CrossRef
  • Grandiflorenic acid promotes death of promastigotes via apoptosis-like mechanism and affects amastigotes by increasing total iron bound capacity
    Bruna Taciane da Silva Bortoleti, Manoela Daiele Gonçalves, Fernanda Tomiotto-Pellissier, Milena Menegazzo Miranda-Sapla, João Paulo Assolini, Amanda Cristina Machado Carloto, Priscila Goes Camargo de Carvalho, Ian Lucas Alves Cardoso, Andréa Name Colado
    Phytomedicine.2018; 46: 11.     CrossRef
  • In vitro Effects of Ketotifen and Cromolyn Sodium on Promastigote and Amastigotes of Leishmania major
    Lima Asgharpour Sarouey, Khadijeh Khanaliha, Parvaneh Rahimi-Moghaddam, Samaneh Khorrami, Mohammad Saaid Dayer, Fatemeh Tabatabaie
    Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Repurposing Estrogen Receptor Antagonists for the Treatment of Infectious Disease
    Marhiah C. Montoya, Damian J. Krysan, Danielle A. Garsin
    mBio.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Library of Seleno-Compounds as Novel Agents against Leishmania Species
    Álvaro Martín-Montes, Daniel Plano, Rubén Martín-Escolano, Verónica Alcolea, Marta Díaz, Silvia Pérez-Silanes, Socorro Espuelas, Esther Moreno, Clotilde Marín, Ramón Gutiérrez-Sánchez, Carmen Sanmartín, Manuel Sánchez-Moreno
    Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity Effect of Chaerophyllum Extract on Leishmania major and J774 Cell Line in Vitro
    Parisa Ebrahimisadr, Hamidreza Majidiani, Farahnaz Bineshian, Farnoosh Jameie, Ezatollah Ghasemi, Fatemeh Ghaffarifar
    Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity Effect of Chaerophyllum Extract on Leishmania major and J774 Cell Line in Vitro
    Parisa Ebrahimisadr, Hamidreza Majidiani, Farahnaz Bineshian, Farnoosh Jameie, Ezatollah Ghasemi, Fatemeh Ghaffarifar
    Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 10,859 View
  • 165 Download
  • 29 Web of Science
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In Vitro Infectivity Assessment by Drug Susceptibility Comparison of Recombinant Leishmania major Expressing Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein or EGFP-Luciferase Fused Genes with Wild-Type Parasite
Somayeh Sadeghi, Negar Seyed, Mohammad-Hossein Etemadzadeh, Saeid Abediankenari, Sima Rafati, Tahereh Taheri
Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(4):385-394.
Published online August 25, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.4.385
Leishmaniasis is a worldwide uncontrolled parasitic disease due to the lack of effective drug and vaccine. To speed up effective drug development, we need powerful methods to rapidly assess drug effectiveness against the intracellular form of Leishmania in high throughput assays. Reporter gene technology has proven to be an excellent tool for drug screening in vitro. The effects of reporter proteins on parasite infectivity should be identified both in vitro and in vivo. In this research, we initially compared the infectivity rate of recombinant Leishmania major expressing stably enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) alone or EGFP-luciferase (EGFP-LUC) with the wild-type strain. Next, we evaluated the sensitivity of these parasites to amphotericin B (AmB) as a standard drug in 2 parasitic phases, promastigote and amastigote. This comparison was made by MTT and nitric oxide (NO) assay and by quantifying the specific signals derived from reporter genes like EGFP intensity and luciferase activity. To study the amastigote form, both B10R and THP-1 macrophage cell lines were infected in the stationary phase and were exposed to AmB at different time points. Our results clearly revealed that the 3 parasite lines had similar in vitro infectivity rates with comparable parasite-induced levels of NO following interferon-γ/lipopolysaccharide induction. Based on our results we proposed the more reporter gene, the faster and more sensitive evaluation of the drug efficiency.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Characterization and Evaluation of Microwave-Synthesized Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Enhanced Amphotericin B Efficacy Against Leishmania donovani: A Novel Therapeutic Paradigm
    Sunidhi Lohan, Meenakshi Bhatia
    BioNanoScience.2024; 14(3): 2782.     CrossRef
  • Insights into the drug screening approaches in leishmaniasis
    Boobalan Gopu, Parampreet Kour, Ramajayan Pandian, Kuljit Singh
    International Immunopharmacology.2023; 114: 109591.     CrossRef
  • A short-term method to evaluate anti-leishmania drugs by inhibition of stage differentiation in Leishmania mexicana using flow cytometry
    Christian Florian Teh-Poot, Victor Manuel Dzul-Huchim, Jonathan M. Mercado, Liliana Estefanía Villanueva-Lizama, Maria Elena Bottazzi, Kathryn M. Jones, Francis T.F. Tsai, Julio Vladimir Cruz-Chan
    Experimental Parasitology.2023; 249: 108519.     CrossRef
  • Challenges and Tools for In Vitro Leishmania Exploratory Screening in the Drug Development Process: An Updated Review
    Anita Cohen, Nadine Azas
    Pathogens.2021; 10(12): 1608.     CrossRef
  • A Survey on Inhibitory Effect of Whole-Body Extraction and Secretions of Lucilia sericata's Larvae on Leishmania major In vitro
    Maryam Tahmasebi, Simindokht Soleimanifard, Alireza Sanei, Azadeh Karimy, Seyed Mohammad Abtahi
    Advanced Biomedical Research.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Potential of the natural products against leishmaniasis in Old World - a review of in-vitro studies
    Sofia Cortes, Carolina Bruno de Sousa, Thiago Morais, João Lago, Lenea Campino
    Pathogens and Global Health.2020; 114(4): 170.     CrossRef
  • Sambucus ebulus extract stimulates cellular responses in cutaneous leishmaniasis
    Maryam Heidari‐Kharaji, Vahid Fallah‐Omrani, Alireza Badirzadeh, Behnam Mohammadi‐Ghalehbin, Mohammad Ali Nilforoushzadeh, Leila Masoori, Hossein Montakhab‐Yeganeh, Mehrak Zare
    Parasite Immunology.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • In-depth comparison of cell-based methodological approaches to determine drug susceptibility of visceral Leishmania isolates
    Sarah Hendrickx, Lieselotte Van Bockstal, Guy Caljon, Louis Maes, Kiyoshi Kita
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2019; 13(12): e0007885.     CrossRef
  • Assessment of Leishmania cell lines expressing high levels of beta-galactosidase as alternative tools for the evaluation of anti-leishmanial drug activity
    Aline C. da Silva Santos, Danielle M.N. Moura, Thiago A.R. dos Santos, Osvaldo P. de Melo Neto, Valéria R.A. Pereira
    Journal of Microbiological Methods.2019; 166: 105732.     CrossRef
  • Development of NanoLuc-PEST expressing Leishmania mexicana as a new drug discovery tool for axenic- and intramacrophage-based assays
    Sarah L. Berry, Hamza Hameed, Anna Thomason, Marissa L. Maciej-Hulme, Somaia Saif Abou-Akkada, Paul Horrocks, Helen P. Price, Timothy G. Geary
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2018; 12(7): e0006639.     CrossRef
  • Arginase activity in pathogenic and non-pathogenic species of Leishmania parasites
    Alireza Badirzadeh, Tahereh Taheri, Yasaman Taslimi, Zahra Abdossamadi, Maryam Heidari-Kharaji, Elham Gholami, Baharehsadat Sedaghat, Maryam Niyyati, Sima Rafati, Armando Jardim
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2017; 11(7): e0005774.     CrossRef
  • Human Neutrophil Peptide 1 as immunotherapeutic agent against Leishmania infected BALB/c mice
    Zahra Abdossamadi, Negar Seyed, Farnaz Zahedifard, Tahereh Taheri, Yasaman Taslimi, Hossein Montakhab-Yeganeh, Alireza Badirzadeh, Mohammad Vasei, Safoora Gharibzadeh, Sima Rafati, Michael P. Pollastri
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2017; 11(12): e0006123.     CrossRef
  • EGFP reporter protein: its immunogenicity in Leishmania-infected BALB/c mice
    Samira Seif, Fereshteh Kazemi, Elham Gholami, Negar Seyed, Yasaman Taslimi, Sima Habibzadeh, Bahareh Azarian, Shahram Jamshidi, Mehrdad Hashemi, Sima Rafati, Tahereh Taheri
    Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.2016; 100(9): 3923.     CrossRef
  • 11,370 View
  • 113 Download
  • 15 Web of Science
  • Crossref
An Epidemiological Study of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Al-Jabal Al-Gharbi, Libya
Manal Z. M. Abdellatif, Khamis El-Mabrouk, Ashraf A. Ewis
Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(1):75-84.
Published online February 18, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.1.75

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an endemic parasitic infection in the Mediterranean region, including Libya and its Al-jabal Al-gharbi province. We aimed at studying the occupational relevance as well as other epidemiological aspects of CL. We investigated 140 CL cases who attended at Gharyan outpatient polyclinic during a period of 6 months in 2009. CL infection was clinically diagnosed and confirmed by demonstration of Leishmania parasites on smears from lesions. Our findings showed that males were more affected than females (P=0.04), and people above 10-years were more affected than younger ones (P=0.0001). A significant percent of CL cases belonged to Al-Kawasem subprovince (P=0.0001). Farm-related activities were the most frequent occupations among CL cases (P=0.04). In addition to farm workers, housewives and students are at risk groups since they are engaged at farm activities. Moreover, those who have occupations that require staying outdoors for a part of night, e.g., policemen, are also at risk. Compared to children, adult CL patients had multiple lesions (P=0.001) that were more prevalent in their upper and lower extremities than the face (P=0.0001). We conclude that CL is a major health problem in Al-jabal Al-gharbi province of Libya. The presence of rodents and sandflies makes it a suitable environment for Leishmania to spread in an endemic epidemiological pattern. Being engaged in farming activities or outdoor occupations increases the risk of infection. Various clinical patterns of CL suggest the presence of more than 1 species of Leishmania at Al-jabal Al-gharbi province. We propose that the 2 species responsible for CL in this area are L. major and L. tropica. Further investigations to identify the leishmanial species responsible for CL at Al-jabal Al-gharbi together with adoption of preventive and control programs are needed.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Ongoing presence of Leishmania major cutaneous leishmaniasis in Mauritania, 2016–2024
    Aminetou El Moctar, Mohamed Ouldabdallahi Moukah, Abdoulaye Kassoum Koné, Mona Saout, Magalie Demar, Mamadou Dramani Fofana, Taleb Khyar Cheikh Mohamed Vadel, Mariem Kébé, Mahamadou Ali Thera, Romain Blaizot, Ali Ould Mohamed Salem Boukhary
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Retrospective Analysis of Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Epidemiology During 2016 - 2021 in Hoveyzeh County, Khuzestan Province, Iran
    Mehdi Kian, Naser Hatamzadeh, Hamid Kassiri, Abas Naboureh, Zahra Makiani, Somayeh Mirzavand
    Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Cutaenous Leishmaniasis In Libya
    Tarek Mohamed Arshah
    Arab Board Medical Journal.2023; 24(1): 3.     CrossRef
  • Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in North Africa and Its Threats to Public Health: A Statistical Study Focused on Djelfa (Algeria)
    Fatma Messaoudene, Slimane Boukraa, Said Chaouki Boubidi, Ahlem Guerzou, Abdeldjalil Ouahabi
    Microorganisms.2023; 11(10): 2608.     CrossRef
  • Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Al-Jabal Al-Gharbi, Libya: Incidence and Epidemiology
    Abdalsalam Ashour, Ahmed Atia, Nisreen Akash, Elham Jumaa, Amira Alkhishrabi
    Khalij-Libya Journal of Dental and Medical Research.2022; : 81.     CrossRef
  • Spatiotemporal patterns of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the district upper and lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A GIS-based spatial approaches
    Ismail Zeb, Naveeda Akhter Qureshi, Nargis Shaheen, Mazhar Iqbal Zafar, Abid Ali, Aneeqa Hamid, Syed Aizaz Ali Shah, Asma Ashraf
    Acta Tropica.2021; 217: 105861.     CrossRef
  • Epidemiological and genetic characteristics of asymptomatic canine leishmaniasis and implications for human Leishmania infections in Egypt
    Mai Abuowarda, Huda O. AbuBakr, Elshaimaa Ismael, Mohamed Shaalan, Mona A. Mohamed, Samira H. Aljuaydi
    Zoonoses and Public Health.2021; 68(5): 413.     CrossRef
  • Phylogenetic analysis of kinetoplast DNA: kDNA of Leishmania tropica in Thi-Qar province, Iraq
    Mohammed Hassan Flaih, Fadhil Abbas Al-Abady, Khwam Reissan Hussein
    Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.2021; 78: 101696.     CrossRef
  • Epidemiological situation analysis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Batna (northeast): An important focus in Algeria
    Nacer Eddine Messahel, Ismail Lafri, Idir Moualek, Karim Houali, Ahcène Hakem
    Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports.2021; 26: 100621.     CrossRef
  • Socioeconomic, demographic and landscape factors associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kurunegala District, Sri Lanka
    Tharaka Wijerathna, Nayana Gunathilaka, Kithsiri Gunawardena, Wasana Rodrigo
    Parasites & Vectors.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Epidemiology, Associated Factors and Treatment Methods of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Based on Previous Data from 2013 to 2018 in Ilam, Western Iran
    Nasrin Rezaee, Vahid Raissi, Ahmad Rajaeipour, Mehdi Nazari, Muhammad Getso, Ali Taghipour, Omid Raiesi, Asmaa Ibrahim
    Acta Parasitologica.2020; 65(3): 760.     CrossRef
  • Clinico-epidemiological features of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran
    Mahmood Moosazadeh, Mahdi Afshari, Mohammadreza Parsaee, Ali charkameh, Asghar Nezammahalleh, Ghasem Abedi, Mahdi Fakhar, Seif Ali Mahdavi, Jalil Shojaei, Ahmad Ali Enayati
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  • Spatial epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia: socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with a growing epidemic
    Andrés M Hernández, Juan D Gutierrez, Yanyu Xiao, Adam J Branscum, Diego F Cuadros
    Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2019; 113(9): 560.     CrossRef
  • Visceral and Cutaneous Leishmaniases in a City in Syria and the Effects of the Syrian Conflict
    Alexey Youssef, Rim Harfouch, Said El Zein, Zuheir Alshehabi, Rafea Shaaban, Souha S. Kanj
    The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2019; 101(1): 108.     CrossRef
  • Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka
    Devika Iddawela, Sanura Malinda Pallegoda Vithana, Dhilma Atapattu, Lanka Wijekoon
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Epidemiological Aspects of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis during 2009-2016 in Kashan City, Central Iran
    Doroodgar Moein, Doroodgar Masoud, Mahboobi Saeed, Doroodgar Abbas
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(1): 21.     CrossRef
  • Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Qasr-e Shirin, a border area in the west of Iran
    Yazdan Hamzavi, Naser Nazari, Nahid Khademi, Keivan Hassani, Arezoo Bozorgomid
    Veterinary World.2018; : 1692.     CrossRef
  • Entomological studies of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in relation to cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in Al Rabta, North West of Libya
    Mostafa Ramahdan Dokhan, Mohamed Amin Kenawy, Said Abdallah Doha, Shabaan Said El-Hosary, Taher Shaibi, Badereddin Bashir Annajar
    Acta Tropica.2016; 154: 95.     CrossRef
  • Genetic diversity of Leishmania tropica strains isolated from clinical forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis in rural districts of Herat province, Western Afghanistan, based on ITS1-rDNA
    Mahdi Fakhar, Hossein Pazoki Ghohe, Sayed Abobakar Rasooli, Mehdi Karamian, Abdul Satar Mohib, Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi, Abdol Sattar Pagheh, Mohammad Amin Ghatee
    Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2016; 41: 120.     CrossRef
  • Geographical Distribution and New Situation ofLeishmaniaSpecies after the Control of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Foci in Errachidia Province, Morocco, in 2014
    El Alem Mohamed Mahmoud, Sebti Faiza, Med Lemine, Chichaoui Smaine, El Bachir Adlaoui, Habbari Khalid, Sadak Abderrahim, Fellah Hajiba
    BioMed Research International.2016; 2016: 1.     CrossRef
  • RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH AMERICAN CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN AN ENDEMIC AREA OF BRAZIL
    Alberon Ribeiro de ARAUJO, Nairomberg Cavalcanti PORTELA, Ana Paula Sampaio FEITOSA, Otamires Alves da SILVA, Ricardo Andrade Arraes XIMENES, Luiz Carlos ALVES, Fábio André BRAYNER
    Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Comparison of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Syrian and Turkish Patients with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
    Enver Turan, Nurittin Ardic, Hacer Altun Sürücü, Mustafa Aksoy, Abhay R. Satoskar, Sanjay Varikuti, Nebiye Doni, Steve Oghumu, Abdullah Yesilova, Yavuz Yeşilova
    The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2015; 93(3): 559.     CrossRef
  • Leishmaniases in Maghreb: An endemic neglected disease
    Dhekra Chaara, Najoua Haouas, Jean Pierre Dedet, Hamouda Babba, Francine Pratlong
    Acta Tropica.2014; 132: 80.     CrossRef
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The Route of Leishmania tropica Infection Determines Disease Outcome and Protection against Leishmania major in BALB/c Mice
Hamid Mahmoudzadeh-Niknam, Ghader Khalili, Firoozeh Abrishami, Ali Najafy, Vahid Khaze
Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(1):69-74.
Published online February 18, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.1.69

Leishmania tropica is one of the causative agents of leishmaniasis in humans. Routes of infection have been reported to be an important variable for some species of Leishmania parasites. The role of this variable is not clear for L. tropica infection. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of route of L. tropica infection on the disease outcome and immunologic parameters in BALB/c mice. Two routes were used; subcutaneous in the footpad and intradermal in the ear. Mice were challenged by Leishmani major, after establishment of the L. tropica infection, to evaluate the level of protective immunity. Immune responses were assayed at week 1 and week 4 after challenge. The subcutaneous route in the footpad in comparison to the intradermal route in the ear induced significantly more protective immunity against L. major challenge, including higher delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, more rapid lesion resolution, lower parasite loads, and lower levels of IL-10. Our data showed that the route of infection in BALB/c model of L. tropica infection is an important variable and should be considered in developing an appropriate experimental model for L. tropica infections.

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Miltefosine-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death on Leishmania major and L. tropica Strains
Shahram Khademvatan, Mohammad Javad Gharavi, Fakher Rahim, Jasem Saki
Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(1):17-23.
Published online March 18, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.1.17

The aim of this study was to assess the cytotoxic effects of various concentrations of miltefosine on Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER) and L. tropica (MHOM/IR/02/Mash10) promastigotes and to observe the programmed cell death features. The colorimetric MTT assay was used to find L. major and L. tropica viability and the obtained results were expressed as 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50). Also, 50% effective doses (ED50) for L. major and L. tropica amastigotes were also determined. Annexin-V FLUOS staining was performed to study the cell death properties of miltefosine using FACS analysis. Qualitative analysis of the total genomic DNA fragmentation was performed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, to observe changes in cell morphology, promastigotes were examined using light microscopy. In both strains of L. major and L. tropica, miltefosine induced dose-dependent death with features of apoptosis, including cell shrinkage, DNA laddering, and externalization of phosphatidylserine. The IC50 was achieved at 22 ?M and 11 ?M for L. major and L. tropica after 48 hr of incubation, respectively. ED50 of L. major and L. tropica amastigotes were 5.7 ?M and 4.2 ?M, respectively. Our results indicate that miltefosine induces apoptosis of the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, L. major did not display any apoptotic changes when it was exposed to miltefosine in concentrations sufficient to kill L. tropica.

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Anti-leishmanial Effects of Trinitroglycerin in BALB/C Mice Infected with Leishmania major via Nitric Oxide Pathway
Hossein Nahrevanian, Mana Najafzadeh, Reza Hajihosseini, Habib Nazem, Mahin Farahmand, Zahra Zamani
Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(2):109-115.
Published online May 27, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.2.109

This study investigated whether trinitroglycerine (TNG) as nitric oxide (NO) releasing agent had anti-leishmanial effects and mediated pathology in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), a zoonotic infection caused by leishmania protozoa is still one of the health problems in the world and in Iran. NO is involved in host immune responses against intracellular L. major, and leishmania killing by macrophages is mediated by this substance. Moreover, application of CL treatment with NO-donors has been recently indicated. In our study, TNG was used for its ability to increase NO and to modify CL infection in mice, in order to evaluate NO effects on lesion size and formation, parasite proliferation inside macrophages, amastigote visceralization in target organs, and NO induction in plasma and organ suspensions. Data obtained in this study indicated that TNG increased plasma and liver-NO, reduced lesion sizes, removed amastigotes from lesions, livers, spleens, and lymph nodes, declined proliferation of amastigotes, hepatomegaly, and increased survival rate. However, TNG reduced spleen-NO and had no significant effects on spelenomegaly. The results show that TNG therapy reduced leishmaniasis and pathology in association with raised NO levels. TNG had some antiparasitic activity by reduction of positive smears from lesions, livers, spleens, and lymph nodes, which could emphasize the role of TNG to inhibit visceralization of L. major in target organs.

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Brief Communication

Purification and biochemical characterization of two novel antigens from Leishmania major promastigotes
Majid Zeinali, Sussan K. Ardestani, Amina Kariminia
Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(4):287-293.
Published online December 20, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.4.287

The identification and characterization of antigens that elicit human T cell responses is an important step toward understanding of Leishmania major infection and ultimately in the development of a vaccine. Micropreparative SDS-PAGE followed by electrotransfer to a PVDF membrane and elution of proteins from the PVDF, was used to separate 2 novel proteins from L. major promastigotes, which can induce antibodies of the IgG2a isotype in mice and also are recognized by antisera of recovered human cutaneous leishmaniasis subjects. Fractionation of the crude extract of L. major revealed that all detectable proteins of interest were present within the soluble Leishmania antigens (SLA). Quantitation of these proteins showed that their expression in promastigotes is relatively very low. Considering the molecular weight, immunoreactivity, chromatographic and electrophoretic behavior in reducing and non-reducing conditions, these proteins are probably 2 isoforms of a single protein. A digest of these proteins was resolved on Tricine-SDS-PAGE and immunoreactive fragments were identified by human sera. Two immunoreactive fragments (36.4 and 34.8 kDa) were only generated by endoproteinase Glu-C treatment. These immunoreactive fragments or their parent molecules may be ideal candidates for incorporation in a cocktail vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis.

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  • Highly Effective Serodiagnosis for Chagas' Disease
    Pilar Hernández, Michael Heimann, Cristina Riera, Marco Solano, José Santalla, Alejandro O. Luquetti, Ewald Beck
    Clinical and Vaccine Immunology.2010; 17(10): 1598.     CrossRef
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Original Articles
Leishmania tropica infection, in comparison to Leishmania major, induces lower delayed type hypersensitivity in BALB/c mice
Hamid Mahmoudzadeh-Niknam, Simin Sadat Kiaei, Davood Iravani
Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(2):103-109.
Published online June 20, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.2.103

Leishmania tropica and L. major are etiologic agents of human cutaneous leishmaniasis. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) is an immunologic response that has been frequently used as a correlate for protection against or sensitization to leishmania antigen. In BALB/c mice, L. tropica infection results in non-ulcerating disease, whereas L. major infection results in destructive lesions. In order to clarify the immunologic mechanisms of these 2 different outcomes, we compared the ability of these 2 leishmania species in induction of DTH response in this murine model. BALB/c mice were infected with L. major or L. tropica, and disease evolution and DTH responses were determined. The results show that the primary L. major infection can exacerbate the secondary L. major infection and is associated with DTH response. Higher doses of the primary L. major infection result in more disease exacerbation of the secondary L. major infection as well as higher DTH response. L. tropica infection induces lower DTH responses than L. major. We have previously reported that the primary L. tropica infection induces partial protection against the secondary L. major infection in BALB/c mice. Induction of lower DTH response by L. tropica suggests that the protection induced against L. major by prior L. tropica infection may be due to suppression of DTH response.

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  • Vaccination with whole-cell killed or recombinant leishmanial protein and toll-like receptor agonists against Leishmania tropica in BALB/c mice
    Mosayeb Rostamian, Fariborz Bahrami, Hamid M. Niknam, Humberto Lanz-Mendoza
    PLOS ONE.2018; 13(9): e0204491.     CrossRef
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Childhood cutaneous leishmaniasis: report of 117 cases from Iran
Safar Ali Talari, Rezvan Talaei, Gholamreza Shajari, Zarichehr Vakili, Abbas Taghaviardakani
Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(4):355-360.
Published online December 20, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.4.355

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), due to Leishmania major, is endemic in different parts of Iran and has long been recognized in most provinces of Iran. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of childhood leishmaniasis in 3 areas at the southeast of Kashan. A descriptive study was carried out on all children referred to central laboratories during a 3-year period. Initial information including age, sex, sites of ulcer on the body, number of lesions, address, and the place of the disease was obtained. The study gathered 117 children, and the results showed a prevalence of 7.2% in patients with lesions among the population and 4.2% of people displayed lesion and scar. The ages of subjects were from 6 to 15 years (average 9.75 years). The boy: girl ratio was 1.2. All of our patients lived in an endemic area. The face was affected in 47.0% of cases. The encountered forms of leishmaniasis are as follows: papulonodular 27.4%, ulcer 60.7%, sporotrichoid 6%, impetiginous 2.5%, and erysipeloid 3.4%. Treatment with intramuscular meglumine antimoniate 20-30 mg/kg/day was done for 93 patients. Meglumine antimoniate treatment was tolerated with no side effects. All leishmaniasis lesions healed within an average period of 2-14 months. Hyperpigmented scars were formed in 25.6% of the patients, atrophic scars in 4.3%, and hypopigmented scars were in 3.4%, respectively. The findings of this study indicate increased prevalence of CL in the villages at the area of Kashan and Aran-Bidgol. The clinical finding patterns belonged to different endemic strains of L. major in Isfahan, which indicates the possible transmission of infection from Isfahan to this area.

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Effects of combined therapy with thalidomide and glucantime on leishmaniasis induced by Leishmania major in BALB/c mice
Ghassem Solgi, Amina Kariminia, Khossro Abdi, Majid Darabi, Behnaz Ghareghozloo
Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(1):55-61.
Published online March 20, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.1.55

For treating Leishmania major infection in BALB/c mice, we used thalidomide in conjunction with glucantime. Groups of mice were challenged with 5 × 103 metacyclic promastigotes of L. major subcutaneously. A week after the challenge, drug treatment was started and continued for 12 days. Thalidomide was orally administrated 30 mg/kg/day and glucantime was administrated intraperitoneally (200 mg/kg/day). It was shown that the combined therapy is more effective than single therapies with each one of the drugs since the foot pad swelling in the group of mice received thalidomide and glucantime was significantly decreased (0.9 ± 0.2 mm) compared to mice treated with either glucantime, thalidomide, or carrier alone (1.2 ± 0.25, 1.4 ± 0.3, and 1.7 ± 0.27 mm, respectively). Cytokine study showed that the effect of thalidomide was not dependent on IL-12; however, it up-regulated IFN-γ and down-regulated IL-10 production. Conclusively, thalidomide seems promising as a conjunctive therapy with antimony in murine model of visceral leishmaniasis.

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Identification of novel Leishmania major antigens that elicit IgG2a response in resistant and susceptible mice
Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Majid Zeinali, Sussan K. Ardestani, Amina Kariminia
Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(1):43-48.
Published online March 20, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.1.43

Experimental murine models with high, intermediate and low levels of genetically based susceptibility to Leishmania major infection reproduce almost entire spectrum of clinical manifestations of the human disease. There are increasing non-comparative studies on immune responses against isolated antigens of L. major in different murine strains. The aim of the present study was to find out whether there is an antigen that can induce protective immune response in resistant and susceptible murine strains. To do that, crude antigenic extract of procyclic and metacyclic promastigotes of L. major was prepared and subjected to SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Western-blotting was used to search for antigen(s) capable of raising high antibody level of IgG2a versus IgG1 in the sera of both infected resistant and susceptible strains. Two novel antigens from metacyclic promastigotes of L. major (140 and 152 kDa) were potentially able to induce specific dominant IgG2a responses in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. The 2 antigens also reacted with IgG antibody of cutaneous leishmaniasis patients. We confirm that 140 and 152 kDa proteins of L. major promastigotes are inducing IgG production in mice and humans.

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Production of nitric oxide by murine macrophages induced by lipophosphoglycan of Leishmania major
Gholamreza Kavoosi, Sussan K. Ardestani, Amina Kariminia, Zahra Tavakoli
Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(1):35-41.
Published online March 20, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.1.35

Protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania cause a number of important human diseases. One of the key determinants of parasite infectivity and survival is the surface glycoconjugate lipophosphoglycan (LPG). In addition, LPG is shown to be useful as a transmission blocking vaccine. Since culture supernatant of parasite promastigotes is a good source of LPG, we made attempts to characterize functions of the culture supernatant, and membrane LPG isolated from metacyclic promastigotes of Leishmania major. The purification scheme included anion-exchange chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography and cold methanol precipitation. The purity of supernatant LPG (sLPG) and membrane LPG (mLPG) was determined by SDS-PAGE and thin layer chromatography. The effect of mLPG and sLPG on nitric oxide (NO) production by murine macrophages cell line (J774.1A) was studied. Both sLPG and mLPG induced NO production in a dose dependent manner but sLPG induced significantly higher amount of NO than mLPG. Our results show that sLPG is able to promote NO production by murine macrophages.

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