Coenurosis is an important zoonotic helminthic disease caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Taenia multiceps. This parasite typically infects the brain of the intermediate hosts, including sheep, goat, cattle and even humans. We report a case of T. multiceps infection in a yak confirmed by clinical symptoms, morphological characteristics, and molecular and phylogenetic analyses. The coenurus was thin-walled, whitish, and spherical in shape with a diameter of 10 cm. The parasite species was identified as T. multiceps by PCR amplification and sequencing of the 18S rRNA, cox1 and nad1 genes. Three gene sequences all showed high homology (all above 97%) with the reference sequences from different hosts. Moreover, phylogenetic reconstructions with the 3 published Taenia gene sequences confirmed that the Qinghai yak isolate was closely related to T. multiceps. Although there are advanced diagnosis and treatment methods for coenurosis, early infection is difficult to diagnose. Importantly, the findings of yak infection case should not be ignored due to its zoonotic potential.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Treatment and management of coenurosis by Taenia multiceps: field data from outbreaks in endemic regions and literature review I. Abbas, C. Tamponi, G. Madau, L. Cavallo, A. Varcasia, A. Scala Parasites & Vectors.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Taenia multiceps coenurosis: a review Antonio Varcasia, Claudia Tamponi, Fahad Ahmed, Maria Grazia Cappai, Francesca Porcu, Naunain Mehmood, Giorgia Dessì, Antonio Scala Parasites & Vectors.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
This study was carried out to determine the pathogen-causing diarrhoea in sheep Ovis aries in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area, China. A trophozoite was identified as species of ciliate alveolates infecting the sheep based on morphological characteristics examined by microscope. It was mostly spherical, colourless and transparent, with many vesicles. Macronucleus and contractile vacuoles could not be distinguished. Size of the trophozoite was 80-180 × 70-150 μm and its surface was covered with cilia. Molecular analysis based on sequences of 18S rRNA and ITS genes confirmed the ciliate species as Balantidium coli. According to the literature, there have been many epidemiological investigations of B. coli infection in pigs, monkeys and humans. To our knowledge, this was the first report of B. coli infections in sheep in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area of China, or eleswhere around the world. Importantly, the sheep case was rare but raised our concern that B. coli may spread across species and expand its host range.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Multicentric Study on Enteric Protists Occurrence in Zoological Parks in Portugal João Mega, Rafaela Moreira, Guilherme Moreira, Ana Silva-Loureiro, Priscilla Gomes da Silva, Claudia Istrate, Sérgio Santos-Silva, Antonio Rivero-Juarez, David Carmena, João R. Mesquita Pathogens.2024; 13(10): 874. CrossRef
Enteric protozoal infections in camels: Etiology, epidemiology, and future perspectives Eman A. Noaman, Mohamed Nayel, Akram Salama, Mona A. Mahmoud, Adel M. El-Kattan, Ali S. Dawood, Ibrahim S. Abd El-Hamid, Ahmed Elsify, Walid Mousa, Ahmed Elkhtam, Ahmed Zaghawa German Journal of Veterinary Research.2023; 3(1): 1. CrossRef
Question of agent of camel balantidiosis solved: Molecular identity, taxonomic solution and epidemiological considerations Lorena Esteban-Sánchez, Mariana Panayotova-Pencheva, Moneeb Qablan, David Modrý, Lada Hofmannová, F. Ponce-Gordo Veterinary Parasitology.2023; 321: 109984. CrossRef
Balantioides coli Francisco Ponce-Gordo, Juan José García-Rodríguez Research in Veterinary Science.2021; 135: 424. CrossRef
Balantidium coli in domestic animals: An emerging protozoan pathogen of zoonotic significance Arslan Ahmed, Muhammad Ijaz, Rana Muhammad Ayyub, Awais Ghaffar, Hammad Nayyar Ghauri, Muhammad Umair Aziz, Sadaqat Ali, Muhammad Altaf, Muhammad Awais, Muhammad Naveed, Yasir Nawab, Muhammad Umar Javed Acta Tropica.2020; 203: 105298. CrossRef
Toxocara vitulorum has been rarely reported in yaks at high altitudes and remote areas of Sichuan Province of Tibetan Plateau of China. The current study was designed to investigate the prevalence, associated risk factors, and phylogenetic characteristics of T. vitulorum in yak calves on the Qinghai Tibetan plateau. Fecal samples were collected from 891 yak calves and were examined for the presence of T. vitulorum eggs by the McMaster technique. A multivariable logistic regression model was employed to explore variables potentially associated with exposure to T. vitulorum infection. T. vitulorum specimens were collected from the feces of yaks in Hongyuan of Sichuan Province, China. DNA was extracted from ascaris. After PCR amplification, the sequencing of ND1 gene was carried out and phylogenetic analyses was performed by MEGA 6.0 software. The results showed that 64 (20.1%; 95% CI 15.8-24.9%), 75 (17.2; 13.8-21.1), 29 (40.9; 29.3-53.2), and 5 (7.6; 2.5-16.8) yak calves were detected out to excrete T. vitulorum eggs in yak calve feces in Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, and Gansu, respectively. The present study revealed that high infection and mortality by T. vitulorum is wildly spread on the Qinghai Tibetan plateau, China by fecal examination. Geographical origin, ages, and fecal consistencies are the risk factors associated with T. vitulorum prevalence by logistic regression analysis. Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of ND1 gene of T. vitulorum indicated that T. vitulorum in the yak calves on the Qinghai Tibetan plateau are homologous to preveiously studies reported.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Molecular characterization and genetic variability of Toxocara vitulorum from naturally infected buffalo calves for the first time in Bangladesh Hiranmoy Biswas, Nurnabi Ahmed, Babul Chandra Roy, Mohammad Manjurul Hasan, MD Khalilur Rahman, Md. Hasanuzzaman Talukder Parasitology.2024; 151(8): 795. CrossRef
RESEARCH PROGRESS ON MAJOR DISEASES OF PIGS AND YAKS ON THE QINGHAI-TIBET PLATEAU: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW FROM 1990 TO 2023 P Tian, Y Wang, H Zhang, H Yang, M.U. Rehman, F Kebzai, Y Li The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences.2024; 34(4): 832. CrossRef
Application of Silver Nanoparticles in Parasite Treatment Ping Zhang, Jiahao Gong, Yan Jiang, Yunfeng Long, Weiqiang Lei, Xiuge Gao, Dawei Guo Pharmaceutics.2023; 15(7): 1783. CrossRef
Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Toxocara vitulorum in feces and milk samples from naturally infected water buffaloes Osman Furkan Urhan, Ufuk Erol, Kursat Altay Research in Veterinary Science.2023; 162: 104952. CrossRef
In vitro anti-Toxocara vitulorum effect of silver nanoparticles Manar Ahmed Bahaaeldine, Manal El Garhy, Sohair R. Fahmy, Ayman Saber Mohamed Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2022; 46(2): 409. CrossRef
Antiprotozoal and Anthelmintic Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles José Rodrigues do Carmo Neto, Rhanoica Oliveira Guerra, Juliana Reis Machado, Anielle Christine Almeida Silva, Marcos Vinicius da Silva Current Medicinal Chemistry.2022; 29(12): 2127. CrossRef
The Complete Mitogenome of Toxocara vitulorum: Novel In-Sights into the Phylogenetics in Toxocaridae Yue Xie, Lidan Wang, Yijun Chen, Zhao Wang, Pengchen Zhu, Zun Hu, Xinfeng Han, Zhisheng Wang, Xuan Zhou, Zhicai Zuo Animals.2022; 12(24): 3546. CrossRef
Epidemiological Studies on Nematode Parasites of Domestic Geese (Anser anser f. domesticus) and First Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Heterakis dispar (Schrank, 1790) in Egypt Ismail Elshahawy, Mahmoud El-Siefy, Samia Fawy, Eman Mohammed Acta Parasitologica.2021; 66(4): 1297. CrossRef
Prevalence and risk factors of Toxocara vitulorum infection in buffalo calves in coastal, northeastern and northwestern regions of Bangladesh Hiranmoy Biswas, Babul Chandra Roy, Pallab Kumar Dutta, Mohammad Manjurul Hasan, Shanaz Parvin, Dipok Kumar Choudhury, Nurjahan Begum, Md. Hasanuzzaman Talukder Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports.2021; 26: 100656. CrossRef
Immunodiagnosis of anti-Toxocara vitulorum IgG antibodies by using commercially available bovine ELISA Kit in bovine of Potohar region Pakistan Samina Asghar Abbasi, Mazhar Qayum, Ruqayya Mehmood Baig, Mehvish Naseer Ahmad, Akbar Shah, Mujeeb ur Rahman, Haroon Acta Ecologica Sinica.2020; 40(1): 97. CrossRef
Impacts of different altitudes and natural drying times on lipolysis, lipid oxidation and flavour profile of traditional Tibetan yak jerky Ge Han, Lang Zhang, Qixuan Li, Yan Wang, Qian Chen, Baohua Kong Meat Science.2020; 162: 108030. CrossRef
Molecular characterization of ascaridoid parasites from captive wild carnivores in China using ribosomal and mitochondrial sequences Yue Xie, Yingxin Li, Xiaobin Gu, Yunjian Liu, Xuan Zhou, Lu Wang, Ran He, Xuerong Peng, Guangyou Yang Parasites & Vectors.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Toxocara apodemi (Nematoda: Ascarididae) from Striped Field Mice, Apodemus agrarius, in Korea Hyeon Cheol Kim, Eui Ju Hong, Si Yun Ryu, Jinho Park, Jeong Gon Cho, Do Hyeon Yu, Joon Seok Chae, Kyoung Seong Choi, Bae Keun Park The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(4): 403. CrossRef
Toxocariasis y vacunación para Toxocara: una revisión sistemática Dumar A. Jaramillo-Hernández, Luis F. Salazar-Garcés, Mónica M. Baquero-Parra, Carina Da Silva-Pinheiro, Neuza M. Alcantara-Neves Orinoquia.2020; 24(2): 79. CrossRef
Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Toxocara species in dogs, cattle and buffalo in Egypt O.A. Mahdy, W. M. Mousa, S. Z. Abdel-Maogood, S. M. Nader, S. Abdel-Radi Helminthologia.2020; 57(2): 83. CrossRef
The impact of Bacillus subtilis 18 isolated from Tibetan yaks on growth performance and gut microbial community in mice Aoyun Li, Xiong Jiang, Yaping Wang, Lihong Zhang, Hui Zhang, Khalid Mehmood, Zhixing Li, Muhammad Waqas, Jiakui Li Microbial Pathogenesis.2019; 128: 153. CrossRef
The serodiagnostic potential of recombinant proteins TES–30 and TES–120 in an indirect ELISA in the diagnosis of toxocariasis in cattle, horses, and sheep Lucas Moreira dos Santos, Rafael Amaral Donassolo, Maria Elisabeth Berne, Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite, Luciana Farias da Costa Avila, Carlos James Scaini, Ângela Nunes Moreira, Fabricio Rochedo Conceição, Henk D. F. H. Schallig PLOS ONE.2019; 14(3): e0213830. CrossRef
Analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of
Ascaris suum
and
Ascaris lumbricoides
derived from free range Tibetan pigs
Kun Li, Houqiang Luo, Hui Zhang, Khalid Mehmood, Muhammad Shahzad, Lihong Zhang, Jiakui Li Mitochondrial DNA Part A.2018; 29(4): 624. CrossRef
Characterization of fungus microbial diversity in healthy and diarrheal yaks in Gannan region of Tibet Autonomous Prefecture Kun Li, Khalid Mehmood, Hui Zhang, Xiong Jiang, Muhammad Shahzad, Xiaoqian Dong, Jiakui Li Acta Tropica.2018; 182: 14. CrossRef
Mitochondrial genome data confirm that yaks can serve as the intermediate host of Echinococcus canadensis (G10) on the Tibetan Plateau Yantao Wu, Li Li, Guoqiang Zhu, Wenhui Li, Nianzhang Zhang, Shuangnan Li, Gang Yao, Wenjun Tian, Baoquan Fu, Hong Yin, Xingquan Zhu, Hongbin Yan, Wanzhong Jia Parasites & Vectors.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Socio-economic burden of parasitic infections in yaks from 1984 to 2017 on Qinghai Tibetan Plateau of China—A review Kun Li, Muhammad Shahzad, Hui Zhang, Xiong Jiang, Khalid Mehmood, Xiaodong Zhao, Jiakui Li Acta Tropica.2018; 183: 103. CrossRef
Epidemiological investigation and risk factors of Echinococcus granulosus in yaks (Bos grunniens), Tibetan pigs and Tibetans on Qinghai Tibetan plateau Kun Li, Lihong Zhang, Hui Zhang, Zhixin Lei, Houqiang Luo, Khalid Mehmood, Muhammad Shahzad, Yanfang Lan, Meng Wang, Jiakui Li Acta Tropica.2017; 173: 147. CrossRef
First
Prev
