Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Toxocariasis"

Brief Communication

Organ-specific Toxocara canis larvae migration and host immune response in experimentally infected mice: Min Seok Kim, Yan Jin, Se Joon Woo; Parasites Hosts Dis 2024;62(2):243-250.
Published online May 27, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/PHD.23125

Abstract
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We investigated organ specific Toxocara canis larval migration in mice infected with T. canis larvae. We observed the worm burden and systemic immune responses. Three groups of BALB/c mice (n=5 each) were orally administered 1,000 T. canis 2nd stage larvae to induce larva migrans. Mice were sacrificed at 1, 3, and 5 weeks post-infection. Liver, lung, brain, and eye tissues were collected. Tissue from 2 mice per group was digested for larval count, while the remaining 3 mice underwent histological analysis. Blood hematology and serology were evaluated and compared to that in a control uninfected group (n=5) to assess the immune response. Cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were also analyzed. We found that, 1 week post-infection, the mean parasite load in the liver (72±7.1), brain (31±4.2), lungs (20±5.7), and eyes (2±0) peaked and stayed constant until the 3 weeks. By 5-week post-infection, the worm burden in the liver and lungs significantly decreased to 10±4.2 and 9±5.7, respectively, while they remained relatively stable in the brain and eyes (18±4.2 and 1±0, respectively). Interestingly, ocular larvae resided in all retinal layers, without notable inflammation in outer retina. Mice infected with T. canis exhibited elevated levels of neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and immunoglobulin E. At 5 weeks post-infection, interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13 levels were elevated in BAL fluid. Whereas IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, and interferon-γ levels in BAL fluid were similar to that in controls. Our findings demonstrate that a small portion of T. canis larvae migrate to the eyes and brain within the first week of infection. Minimal tissue inflammation was observed, probably due to increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines. This study contributes to our understanding of the histological and immunological responses to T. canis infection in mice, which may have implications to further understand human toxocariasis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Toxocara canis infections in mice: from subtle to severe consequences in 100 weeks
Nicol Bernardová, Jan Novák, Chia-Kwung Fan, Libuše Kolářová, Marta Chanová
Journal of Helminthology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The association of seropositivity to Toxocara canis and Ascaris lumbricoides with blood group antigens
Kravchun Pavlo Grigorovich, Leontyeva Frida Solomonivna, Povelichenko Olena Dmytrivna, Kadykova Olga Igorivna, Valentyna Dielievska
Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Characteristics of Toxocara canis induced lung inflammation in C57BL/6 mice
Janina Lekki-Jóźwiak, Justyna Karabowicz, Magdalena Paschall, Karolina Gregorczyk-Zboroch, Małgorzata Sobczak-Filipiak, Piotr Bąska, Irma Schabussova, Ewa Długosz
Frontiers in Immunology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Immunomodulatory and anti-fibrotic effects of Toxocara canis infection in a murine model of thioacetamide-induced chronic hepatic fibrosis
Iman F. Abou-El-Naga, Eman Dorry Elkerdany, Rania G. Aly, Enas Mohamed Mostafa Zaytoun
Acta Tropica.2025; 272: 107913. CrossRef

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Case Report

A Case Report of Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant with Exudative Retinal Detachment for Ocular Toxocariasis Treatment: Youran Cai, Ye Yang, Xin Zhong; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(2):133-137.
Published online April 20, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.2.133

Abstract
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Toxocariasis is one of the most common geohelminth infections in several parts of the world. We describe a rare case of ocular toxocariasis with secondary exudative retinal detachment treated with albendazole and an intravitreal dexamethasone implant. A 13-year-old boy with counting finger vision was diagnosed with retinal vasculitis and exudative retinal detachment in his right eye. Fundoscopic examination revealed retinal hemorrhage, retinal vasculitis, and exudative retinal detachment. Serological test using serum and intraocular aqueous humor were positive for anti-Toxocara specific IgG antibodies. He received repeated doses of intravitreal dexamethasone implants combined with oral albendazole. A sequential follow-up optical coherence tomography revealed that the retina was successfully reattached. His visual acuity subsequently improved to 20/400.

Citations

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Human toxocariasis
Susana Lopez-Alamillo, Pravallika Padyala, Megan Carey, Megan M. Duffey, Jill E. Weatherhead, Louisa A. Messenger, Bachir Medrouh, Marcelo U. Ferreira
Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant (Ozurdex) for Ocular Toxocariasis
Yongwei Zhou, Fangyuan Zhen, Jiahui Wu, Shasha Wang, Xiaoyan Lu, Ge Yang, Zhirou Hu, Fei Chen, Qiuming Li, Shuqian Dong, Akio Oishi
Journal of Ophthalmology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The application of dexamethasone implants in uveitis treatment
Tian Zhang, Zhutao Liu, Na Li
Frontiers in Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Case report: Ultrasound biomicroscopy as a guide for the selection of injection sites for dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex) for peripheral granulomatous ocular toxocariasis in children
Xin Zhang, Xinzhu Hou, Yan Zhang, Jingjie Liu, Zhiyong Zhang
Frontiers in Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Articles

Prevalence of Toxocariasis and Its Risk Factors in Patients with Eosinophilia in Korea: Hyun Beom Song, Deokho Lee, Yan Jin, Jinwoo Kang, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Min Sun Park, Jin-Ho Park, Woo-Jung Song, Hye-Ryun Kang, Sang Hyub Lee, Sung-Tae Hong, Min-Ho Choi; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(4):413-419.
Published online August 26, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.4.413

Abstract
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Eosinophilia occurs commonly in many diseases including allergic diseases and helminthic infections. Toxocariasis has been suggested as one cause of eosinophilia. The present study was undertaken to examine the prevalence of toxocariasis in patients with eosinophilia and to identify the risk factors for toxocariasis. This prospective cohort study recruited a total of 81 patients with eosinophilia (34 males and 47 females) who visited the outpatient clinic at Seoul National University Hospital from January 2017 to February 2018 and agreed to participate in this study. The prevalence of toxocariasis was examined by T. canis-specific ELISA, and the various risk factors for toxocariasis were evaluated by a questionnaire survey. Among 81 patients with eosinophilia, 18 were positive for anti-T. canis antibodies (22.2%); 88.9% were male (16/18) and 11.1% were female (2/18). Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that males (OR 21.876, 95% CI: 1.667-287.144) with a history of consuming the raw meat or livers of animals (OR 5.899, 95% CI: 1.004-34.669) and a heavy alcohol-drinking habit (OR 8.767, 95% CI: 1.018-75.497) were at higher risk of toxocariasis in patients with eosinophilia. Toxocariasis should be considered a potential cause of eosinophilia when the patient has a history of eating the raw meat or livers of animals in Korea. A single course of albendazole is recommended to reduce the migration of Toxocara larvae in serologically positive cases with eosinophilia.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Evaluation of a Multiplex Bead Assay for Strongyloides stercoralis diagnosis using the recombinant antigen rSs-NIE-1
Joelma Nascimento de Souza, Wéslei Almeida Costa Araújo, Márcia Cristina Aquino Teixeira, Neci Matos Soares
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease.2026; 114(2): 117108. CrossRef
High toxocariasis seroprevalence in a tri-border indigenous community (Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina): A One Health perspective
Isabella Braghin Ferreira, Roberto Teixeira de Souza Filho, Susana Angélica Zevallos Lescano, Rogério Giuffrida, Daniele Rodrigues, Suelen Teixeira de Faria Resende, Fabiano Borges Figueiredo, Louise Bach Kmetiuk, Andrea Pires dos Santos, Alexander Welker
One Health.2025; 21: 101106. CrossRef
Human toxocariasis
Susana Lopez-Alamillo, Pravallika Padyala, Megan Carey, Megan M. Duffey, Jill E. Weatherhead, Louisa A. Messenger, Bachir Medrouh, Marcelo U. Ferreira
Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
First Report on the Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Toxocara Infection in Blood Donors from Romania
Ana Alexandra Ardelean, Rodica Lighezan, Sorin Ursoniu, Sergiu Adrian Sprintar, Daniela Adriana Oatis, Alin Gabriel Mihu, Maria Alina Lupu, Tudor Rareș Olariu
Pathogens.2025; 14(9): 857. CrossRef
TỶ LỆ VÀ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN NHIỄM TOXOCARA CANIS TẠI PHÒNG KHÁM BỆNH VIỆN ĐẠI HỌC Y DƯỢC 1 THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH
Nguyễn Ngọc Phi Anh Nguyễn Ngọc Phi Anh, Trần Thị Kim Dung Trần Thị Kim Dung, Huỳnh Thị Thu Thảo Huỳnh Thị Thu Thảo
Tạp Chí Khoa Học Trường Đại Học Quốc Tế Hồng Bàng.2024; : 213. CrossRef
Toxocariasis: potential association with bronchial asthma, and pneumonia among pediatric children
Wegdan M. Abd El Wahab, Mona I. Ali, Shimaa S. Ibrahim, Yasmen A. Mohamed, Doaa A. Hamdy
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2023; 47(1): 93. CrossRef
One health approach to toxocariasis in quilombola communities of southern Brazil
Vamilton Alvares Santarém, Giovanni Kalempa Panazzolo, Louise Bach Kmetiuk, Orlei José Domingues, Isabella Braghin Ferreira, Roberto Teixeira de Souza Filho, João Henrique Farinhas, Fernando Rodrigo Doline, Susana Angélica Zevallos Lescano, Leandro Menegu
Parasites & Vectors.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Seroprevalence of toxocariasis among allergic patients in Kuwait and its association with eosinophilia
Mohammad Al-Awadhi, Wafaa Jamal
Parasite Epidemiology and Control.2022; 18: e00260. CrossRef
Green vegetable juice as a potential source of human fascioliasis in Korea
Sungim Choi, Sunghee Park, Sooji Hong, Hyejoo Shin, Bong-Kwang Jung, Min Jae Kim
One Health.2022; 15: 100441. CrossRef
Serosurvey of anti-Toxocara canis antibodies in people experiencing homelessness and shelter workers from São Paulo, Brazil
Vamilton Alvares Santarém, Anahi Chechia do Couto, Susana Zevallos Lescano, William Henry Roldán, Ruana Renostro Delai, Rogério Giuffrida, Louise Bach Kmetiuk, Alexander Welker Biondo, Sriveny Dangoudoubiyam, Andrea Pires dos Santos
Parasites & Vectors.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Toxocariasis Among Hypereosinophilic Children: A Single Center Study, Tehran, Iran
Meysam Sharifdini, Mehdi Zarean, Mehrzad Sadredinamin, Mitra Zare- Bavani, Sarah Sharifi-yazdi, Bahram Nikmanesh
Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The Role of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Life Cycle of Toxocara spp.
Everton André de Oliveira, Yslla Fernanda Fitz Balo Merigueti, Isabella Braghin Ferreira, Isabele Santos Garcia, Alini Soriano Pereira, Rosemeire de Souza Santos, Louise Bach Kmetiuk, Andrea Pires dos Santos, Alexander Welker Biondo, Rogerio Giuffrida, Va
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Immunopathological Changes in the Brain of Immunosuppressed Mice Experimentally Infected with Toxocara canis: Mohamed M. Eid, Samy I. El-Kowrany, Ahmad A. Othman, Dina I. El Gendy, Eman M. Saied; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(1):51-58.
Published online February 27, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.1.51

Abstract
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Toxocariasis is a soil-transmitted helminthozoonosis due to infection of humans by larvae of Toxocara canis. The disease could produce cognitive and behavioral disturbances especially in children. Meanwhile, in our modern era, the incidence of immunosuppression has been progressively increasing due to increased incidence of malignancy as well as increased use of immunosuppressive agents. The present study aimed at comparing some of the pathological and immunological alterations in the brain of normal and immunosuppressed mice experimentally infected with T. canis. Therefore, 180 Swiss albino mice were divided into 4 groups including normal (control) group, immunocompetent T. canis-infected group, immunosuppressed group (control), and immunosuppressed infected group. Infected mice were subjected to larval counts in the brain, and the brains from all mice were assessed for histopathological changes, astrogliosis, and IL-5 mRNA expression levels in brain tissues. The results showed that under immunosuppression, there were significant increase in brain larval counts, significant enhancement of reactive gliosis, and significant reduction in IL-5 mRNA expression. All these changes were maximal in the chronic stage of infection. In conclusion, the immunopathological alterations in the brains of infected animals were progressive over time, and were exaggerated under the effect of immunosuppression as did the intensity of cerebral infection.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Toxocara canis infections in mice: from subtle to severe consequences in 100 weeks
Nicol Bernardová, Jan Novák, Chia-Kwung Fan, Libuše Kolářová, Marta Chanová
Journal of Helminthology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Using Biocontrol Fungi to Control Helminthosis in Wild Animals: An Innovative Proposal for the Health and Conservation of Species
Júlia dos Santos Fonseca, Beatriz Bacelar Barbosa, Adolfo Paz Silva, María Sol Arias Vázquez, Cristiana Filipa Cazapal Monteiro, Huarrisson Azevedo Santos, Jackson Victor de Araújo
Pathogens.2025; 14(8): 775. CrossRef
The potential relationship between Toxocara canis infection and epilepsy in a rat model
Amina M. Salama, Dina I. Elgendy, Rasha A. Elmahy, Asmaa F. Eltantawy, Monira A. Seleem, Ahmed M. Elgohary, Omaima K. Docmac, Marwa E. F. Al Mwafy, Ahmed A. Almeldin, Mahmoud S. Sharaf
Parasitology Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy of artemether against toxocariasis in mice: parasitological and immunopathological changes in brain, liver, and lung
Dina I. Elgendy, Rasha A. Elmahy, Alaa Ibrahim Mohamed Amer, Hoda A. Ibrahim, Asmaa Fawzy Eltantawy, Fotouh Rashed Mansour, Amina M. Salama
Pathogens and Global Health.2024; 118(1): 47. CrossRef
Neurobehavioral Disorders and Pathological Changes in the Brain of Mice Are Caused by Chronic Toxocara canis Larval Invasion with Low to Moderate Inoculum
Nicol Bernardová, Jan Novák, Petr Horák, Chia-Kwung Fan, Libuše Kolářová
Acta Parasitologica.2024; 69(4): 1736. CrossRef
Effects of metformin on parasitological, pathological changes in the brain and liver and immunological aspects during visceral toxocariasis in mice
Amina M. Salama, Rasha A. Elmahy, Hoda A. Ibrahim, Alaa Ibrahim Mohamed Amer, Asmaa Fawzy Eltantawy, Dina I. Elgendy
Parasitology Research.2023; 122(12): 3213. CrossRef
Cyclosporine A increases the intensity of Toxocara canis infection in swiss mice
W. D. S. Terto, M. Q. de Moura, J. L. Borchardt, F. D. S. Santos, L. F. da Costa Avila, N. B. Pinheiro, F. P. Leivas Leite, M. M. Villela, M. E. A. Berne
Brazilian Journal of Biology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Ionized Calcium-Binding Adapter Molecule 1 Immunostaining Score for the Central Nervous System of Horses With Non-suppurative Encephalitis and Encephalopathies
Gisele Silva Boos, Klaus Failing, Edson Moleta Colodel, David Driemeier, Márcio Botelho de Castro, Daniele Mariath Bassuino, José Diomedes Barbosa, Christiane Herden
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Diallyl sulfide alleviates cyclophosphamide-induced nephropathic encephalopathy in rats
Shereen M. Galal, Heba H. Mansour, Abeer A. Elkhoely
Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods.2020; 30(3): 208. CrossRef
Mesenchymal stem cells combined with albendazole as a novel therapeutic approach for experimental neurotoxocariasis
E. V. N. Beshay, S. A. El-Refai, G. S. Sadek, A. A. Elbadry, F. H. Shalan, A. F. Afifi
Parasitology.2020; 147(7): 799. CrossRef
Histopathological characterization of Toxocara canis- and T. cati-induced neurotoxocarosis in the mouse model
Andrea Springer, Lea Heuer, Elisabeth Janecek-Erfurth, Andreas Beineke, Christina Strube
Parasitology Research.2019; 118(9): 2591. CrossRef
Developmental stages and viability of Toxocara canis eggs outside the host
Iman Fathy Abou-El-Naga
Biomédica.2018; 38(2): 189. CrossRef
Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Toxocara canis Infection in Serbia During 2015
Simona Gabrielli, Suzana Tasić-Otašević, Aleksandra Ignjatović, Maurizio Fraulo, Marija Trenkić-Božinović, Stefan Momčilović, Gabriella Cancrini
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease.2017; 14(1): 43. CrossRef

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Case Reports

A Case of Ocular Toxocariasis Successfully Treated with Albendazole and Triamcinolon: San Seong, Daruchi Moon, Dong Kyu Lee, Hyung Eun Kim, Hyun Sup Oh, Soon Hyun Kim, Oh Woong Kwon, Yong Sung You; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(5):537-540.
Published online October 22, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.5.537

Abstract
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We present a case of ocular toxocariasis treated successfully with oral albendazole in combination with steroids. A 26-year-old male visited the authors' clinic with the chief complaint of flying flies in his right eye. The fundus photograph showed a whitish epiretinal scar, and the fluorescein angiography revealed a hypofluorescein lesion of the scar and late leakage at the margin. An elevated retinal surface and posterior acoustic shadowing of the scar were observed in the optical coherence tomography, and Toxocara IgG was positive. The patient was diagnosed with toxocariasis, and the condition was treated with albendazole (400 mg twice a day) for a month and oral triamcinolone (16 mg for 2 weeks, once a day, and then 8 mg for 1 week, once a day) from day 13 of the albendazole treatment. The lesions decreased after the treatment. Based on this study, oral albendazole combined with steroids can be a simple and effective regimen for treating ocular toxocariasis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Who Let the Dogs Out? Unmasking the Neglected: A Semi-Systematic Review on the Enduring Impact of Toxocariasis, a Prevalent Zoonotic Infection
Katrin Henke, Sotirios Ntovas, Eleni Xourgia, Aristomenis K. Exadaktylos, Jolanta Klukowska-Rötzler, Mairi Ziaka
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(21): 6972. CrossRef
Toxocariasis ocular simulando un hamartoma retiniano. Reportefide un caso
Luis R. Michel-Espinoza, Belina Arias-Cabello, Daniel Moreno-Páramo, M. Estela Arroyo-Yllanes
Revista Mexicana de Oftalmología.2021; 95(6S): 285. CrossRef
Treatment of larva migrans syndrome with long-term administration of albendazole
Amy Hombu, Ayako Yoshida, Taisei Kikuchi, Eiji Nagayasu, Mika Kuroki, Haruhiko Maruyama
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection.2019; 52(1): 100. CrossRef
Ocular toxocariasis in a pediatric patient undergoing a bone marrow transplantation
Blanca Molina, Marta González-Vicent, Isabel Valls, Miguel Ángel Díaz
Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica.2019; 37(9): 617. CrossRef
Ocular toxocariasis: a neglected parasitic disease in Egypt
Nagwa Mostafa El-Sayed, Nagham Gamal Masoud
Bulletin of the National Research Centre.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Ocular toxocariasis in a pediatric patient undergoing a bone marrow transplantation
Blanca Molina, Marta González-Vicent, Isabel Valls, Miguel Ángel Díaz
Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.).2019; 37(9): 618. CrossRef
Toxocariasis: critical analysis of serology in patients attending a public referral center for ophthalmology in Brazil
Guita Rubinsky-Elefant, Joyce H. Yamamoto, Carlos E. Hirata, Luiz E. Prestes-Carneiro
Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology.2018; 62(1): 77. CrossRef

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Pulmonary Toxocariasis Mimicking Invasive Aspergillosis in a Patient with Ulcerative Colitis: Eun Jin Park, Joon Young Song, Min Ju Choi, Ji Ho Jeon, Jah-yeon Choi, Tae Un Yang, Kyung Wook Hong, Ji Yun Noh, Hee Jin Cheong, Woo Joo Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(4):425-428.
Published online August 29, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.4.425

Abstract
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A 45-year-old-male who had underlying ulcerative colitis and presented with fever and dry cough. Initially, the patient was considered to have invasive aspergillosis due to a positive galactomannan assay. He was treated with amphotericin B followed by voriconazole. Nevertheless, the patient deteriorated clinically and radiographically. The lung biopsy revealed eosinophilic pneumonia, and ELISA for Toxocara antigen was positive, leading to a diagnosis of pulmonary toxocariasis. After a 10-day treatment course with albendazole and adjunctive steroids, the patient recovered completely without any sequelae. Pulmonary toxocariasis may be considered in patients with subacute or chronic pneumonia unresponsive to antibiotic agents, particularly in cases with eosinophilia.

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Original Article

Serodiagnosis of Toxocariasis by ELISA Using Crude Antigen of Toxocara canis Larvae: Yan Jin, Chenghua Shen, Sun Huh, Woon-Mok Sohn, Min-Ho Choi, Sung-Tae Hong; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(4):433-439.
Published online August 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.4.433

Abstract
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Toxocariasis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by larvae of ascarid nematodes of dogs or cats, Toxocara canis or T. cati. Diagnosis of human toxocariasis currently relies on serology that uses T. canis excretory-secretory antigen to detect specific IgG antibodies by ELISA. We investigated the serodiagnostic efficacy of ELISA using crude antigen of T. canis larvae (TCLA). Serum specimens of 64 clinically confirmed toxocariasis, 115 healthy controls, and 119 other tissue-invading helminthiases were screened by ELISA using TCLA. The ELISA using TCLA showed 92.2% (59/64 patient samples) sensitivity and 86.6% (103/119) specificity. Its positive diagnostic predictivity was 78.7% and negative predictivity was 97.8%. No serum of healthy controls reacted but that of anisakiasis (45.5%), gnathostomiasis (19.2%), clonorchiasis (15.8%), sparganosis (11.1%), and cysticercosis (6.3%) cross-reacted. Immunoblot analysis on TCLA recognized antigenic proteins of 28- and 30-kDa bands in their dominant protein quantity and strong blotting reactivity. The present results indicate that the ELISA using our TCLA antigen is acceptable by the sensitivity and specificity for serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis. ELISA with TCLA is recommended to make differential diagnosis for patients with any sign of organ infiltration and eosinophilia.

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Intermediate Uveitis: An Updated Review of the Differential Diagnosis and Relevant Special Investigations
Jacob Biju Mark, Derrick P. Smit, Rajashree E, Rathinam SR
Ocular Immunology and Inflammation.2025; 33(4): 522. CrossRef
Análisis serológico de Toxocara canis y Toxocara cati por ELISA en niños de una escuela de educación básica de la provincia de Chimborazo
Laura Katheryne Hernández León, Sandra Noemí Escobar Arrieta, Verónica Mercedes Cando Brito
Anatomía Digital.2025; 8(2.2): 93. CrossRef
Epidemiological profile of human toxocariasis in patients examined at Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC/SVSA/MS) between 2014 and 2019
Lucas Solano Araújo da Silva, Isabelle Helena Lima Dias, Álvaro Luan Santana Fonseca, Martin Johannes Enk, Joyce Favacho Cardoso Nogueira, Ricardo José de Paula Souza e Guimarães, Christiane de Oliveira Goveia
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.2024; 105: 102112. CrossRef
Evaluation of Somatic Antigens of Adult Toxocara helminthes for Detection of Human Toxocariasis
Zahra Navi, Reza Falak, Mehdi Mohebali, Mohammad Bagher Molairad, Zabihollah Zarei, Mojgan Aryaeipour, Abbas Rahimi Foroushani, Mohammad Zibaei, Mohammad Bagher Rokni
Parasite Immunology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Toxocara canis and Fasciola hepatica Co-Infection Leading to Hepatic Abscess: A Case Report
Seung Wan Kim, Byoung Kuk Jang
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Who Let the Dogs Out? Unmasking the Neglected: A Semi-Systematic Review on the Enduring Impact of Toxocariasis, a Prevalent Zoonotic Infection
Katrin Henke, Sotirios Ntovas, Eleni Xourgia, Aristomenis K. Exadaktylos, Jolanta Klukowska-Rötzler, Mairi Ziaka
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(21): 6972. CrossRef
Eosinophilic leukaemoid reaction and myocardial involvement in a male adolescent with Toxocara canis infection
Panagiotis Krepis, Nikos Spyridis, Despina N Maritsi, Vasiliki Tsekoura, Lydia Kossiva
Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health.2021; 57(6): 935. CrossRef
A new ELISA and western blot technique based on recombinant TES antigen and/or larval antigen for the detection of toxocariasis in humans
Marie-Kristin Raulf, Daniela Jordan, Herbert Auer, Jens M. Warnecke, Bernd Lepenies, Christina Strube
Parasitology.2021; 148(3): 333. CrossRef
Screening of Cystic Echinococcosis and Toxocariasis in Urmia Municipal Workers, Northwest Iran
Negar Asadi, Khosrow Hazrati Tappeh, Iraj Mohebbi, Elham Yousefi, Shahram Khademvatan
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets.2021; 21(2): 220. CrossRef
A Neurotoxocariasis Case Manifesting Multiple Cerebral Infarction and Eosinophilic Meningoencephalitis
SangJoon Kang, Jaeyoung Park, Hoe Jong Jeong, Jae-Jeong Joo, Seungmin Kim
Journal of the Korean Neurological Association.2021; 39(4): 331. CrossRef
Toxocariasis as a Rare Parasitic Complication of a Transthoracic Spine Surgery Procedure
Jan Soukup, Jan Cerny, Martin Cegan, Petr Kelbich, Tomas Novotny
Medicina.2021; 57(12): 1328. CrossRef
New insight into the diagnostic cut-off value of serum anti-ToxocaraIgG for ocular toxocariasis in uveitis patients
N.F. Abd El-Aal, M.A.A. Basha, A.M. Eid
Journal of Helminthology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Larval Toxocarosis in the Czech Republic
Katerina Skulinova, Jan Novak, Martin Kasny, Libuse Kolarova
Acta Parasitologica.2020; 65(1): 68. CrossRef
Toxocara infection in Italian myelitis
Beuy Joob, Viroj Wiwanitkit
Neurological Sciences.2020; 41(4): 973. CrossRef
Establishment of an Experimental Procedure for Preparing Trial Serum Samples for the Specific Serodiagnosis of Toxocara canis for External Quality Assessment Schemes
Quang Huy Vu, Diep Tuan Tran, Phu Manh Sieu Tran, Van Chuong Le, Thi Diem Phuc Huynh, Quang Sang Bui
Journal of Parasitology Research.2020; 2020: 1. CrossRef
Prevalence of Toxocariasis and Its Risk Factors in Patients with Eosinophilia in Korea
Hyun Beom Song, Deokho Lee, Yan Jin, Jinwoo Kang, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Min Sun Park, Jin-Ho Park, Woo-Jung Song, Hye-Ryun Kang, Sang Hyub Lee, Sung-Tae Hong, Min-Ho Choi
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Brief Communication

A Seroepidemiological Survey of Toxocariasis among Eosinophilia Patients in Chungcheongnam-do: Min Seo, Sung Chul Yoon; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(3):249-251.
Published online August 13, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.3.249

Abstract
PDF

There have been several reports on the relationship between toxocariasis and eosinophilia, but all have been limited to the areas of Seoul or Gangwon-do. In the present study, we investigated the seroprevalence of toxocariasis among eosinophilia patients in Chungcheongnam-do, the central district of Korea. Among the 101 patients tested, 51 (50.5%) were identified as positive by Toxocara ELISA, and 46 (45.5%) were confidently diagnosed with toxocariasis because of absence of any other cause of eosinophilia. Whereas 22 of 42 seropositive patients (52.3%) had a recent history of consuming raw livers, especially the cow liver, only 1 of 25 seronegative patients (4%) had done so (P<0.01). From these results, we could confirm that toxocariasis is related to eosinophilia, and infer that ingestion of raw cow liver plays a vital role in the transmission of toxocariasis in Chungcheongnam-do.

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Original Articles

Transmission of Toxocara canis via Ingestion of Raw Cow Liver: A Cross-Sectional Study in Healthy Adults: Dongil Choi, Jae Hoon Lim, Dong-Chull Choi, Kyung Soo Lee, Seung Woon Paik, Sun-Hee Kim, Yoon-Ho Choi, Sun Huh; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(1):23-27.
Published online March 6, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.1.23

Abstract
PDF

The aim of this study is to ascertain the relationship between ingestion of raw cow liver and Toxocara canis infection. A total of 150 apparently healthy adults were divided into 2 groups; 1 group consisted of 86 adults with positive results of Toxocara ELISA, and the other group of 64 adults with negative results. One researcher collected the history of ingestion of raw cow liver within 1 year and recent history of keeping dogs. Among 86 seropositive adults for T. canis, 68 (79.1%) had a recent history of ingestion of raw cow liver. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that a recent ingestion of raw cow liver and keeping dogs were related to an increased risk of toxocariasis (odds ratios, 4.4 and 3.7; and 95% confidence intervals, 1.9-10.2 and 1.2-11.6, respectively). A recent history of ingestion of raw cow liver and keeping dogs was significantly associated with toxocariasis.

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Toxocariasis and Ingestion of Raw Cow Liver in Patients with Eosinophilia: Dongil Choi, Jae Hoon Lim, Dong-Chull Choi, Seung Woon Paik, Sun-Hee Kim, Sun Huh; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(3):139-143.
Published online September 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.3.139

Abstract
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Ingestion of raw animal liver has been suggested as a possible mode of infection of human toxocariasis. We evaluated the relationship between toxocariasis and the ingestion of raw meat in patients with eosinophilia of unknown etiology. The study population consisted of 120 patients presenting with peripheral blood eosinophilia (> 500 cells/?l or > 10% of the white blood cell count). They were divided into 2 groups: 104 seropositive patients based on a Toxocara excretory-secretory IgG ELISA and 16 seronegative patients. While 25.0% of seronegative patients had a recent history of eating raw cow liver, 87.5% of seropositive patients had this history. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that a recent history of eating raw cow liver was related to an increased risk of toxocariasis. Collectively, it is proposed that raw cow liver is a significant infection source of toxocariasis in the patients with eosinophilia of unknown etiology.

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Seroprevalence of Toxocariasis among Healthy People with Eosinophilia: Yong-Hun Kim, Sun Huh, Young-Bae Chung; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(1):29-32.
Published online March 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.1.29

Abstract
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The aim of this study is to determine the Toxocara seropositive rate among healthy people with eosinophilia. A total of 97 people residing in Seoul who were healthy and whose blood eosinophilia was over 10%, as shown by regular health check-ups in 2004, were subjected to this study. Their sera were tested by immunoblotting and ELISA with the antigen of larval Toxocara canis excretory-secretory (ES) protein. Sixty-five sera were band-positive (67.0%). The seropositve control sera were positive to band sizes of 66 kDa, 56 kDa, 32 kDa, and 13 kDa. In ELISA, 63 sera (65.0%) were positive to T. canis ES protein. There was no significant correlation between the IgG ELISA titer and the level of eosinophilia (r = 0.156, P = 0.156). As there were insufficient data to determine whether there were cross-reactions with other helminthic infections, or whether atopy occurred, further studies are required to verify the cause of the seropositive reactions against T. canis ES antigen. Toxocariasis seropositivity is suggested to be the major cause of eosinophilia, since the Toxocara seroprevalence among Korean rural adults was shown to be approximately 5%.

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Brief Communications

Prevalence of Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina and Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in Chuncheon, Korea (2004): Yong-Hun Kim, Sun Huh; Korean J Parasitol 2005;43(2):65-67.
Published online June 20, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2005.43.2.65

Abstract
PDF

The intestines and hearts of dogs were examined for Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, and Dirofilaria immitis, after necropsy between June 26 and September 29, 2004 in Chuncheon, Korea. Of the 662 dogs examined, 6 were infected with T. canis (0.9%), 86 with T. leonina (13.0%). Fifty dogs were infected with D. immitis among 500 dogs examined (10.0%). Five were co-infected with T. canis and T. leonina, and three were co-infected with T. leonina and D. immitis. The cumulative positive infection rate for three species was 134/662(20.2%). Considering previously reported seropositive rates of T. canis excretory-secretory antigen, i.e., 5% in the adult population in Korea, the possibility of toxocariasis caused by T. leonina should be reevaluated.

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Seroprevalence of Toxocara antibodies among patients suspected of ocular toxocariasis in Slovenia: Jernej Logar, Barbara ?oba, Aleksandra Kraut, Branka Stirn-Kranjc; Korean J Parasitol 2004;42(3):137-140.
Published online September 20, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2004.42.3.137

Abstract
PDF

Ocular toxocariasis named also ocular larva migrans is caused by larvae of the roundworm Toxocara spp. The purpose of this study was to find out the seroprevalence of Toxocara antibodies in patients suspected of ocular toxocariasis. Between January 2001 and December 2003, sera from 239 ocular patients, aged 3 to 80 years, were examined by ELISA and confirmed by Western blot test. Out of the 239 patients, 172 (72%) were seronegative and 67 (28%) were Toxocara seropositive; 95% CI (22-34%). The median age of Toxocara seropositive patients was 37.6 years. There was no significant difference in the number of Toxocara positive sera between the younger age group (≤14 years) and the older age group (>14 years), p>0.05. A high rate of Toxocara seropositivity in ocular patients should alert the ophthalmologists in Slovenia to include toxocariasis in the differential diagnosis of eye diseases more frequently.

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Original Article

A seroepidemiological survey for toxocariasis in apparently healthy residents in Gangwon-do, Korea: Hyun-Young Park, Soo-Ung Lee, Sun Huh, Yoon Kong, Jean-Fran?ois Magnaval; Korean J Parasitol 2002;40(3):113-117.
Published online September 30, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2002.40.3.113

Abstract
PDF

We investigated the sero-prevalence of toxocariasis among healthy Korean adults in 1999. A total of 314 sera from normal inhabitants in Whachon-gun, Gangwon-do, Korea was examined for specific antibody levels against excretory-secretory products of second stage larvae of Toxocara (TES). The presence of cross-reactions with other helminthiases such as cysticercosis, paragonimiasis, sparganosis or clonorchiasis was also checked by specific IgG ELISA. Sera showing positive reaction against TES were also tested by IgG immunoblot and by IgE ELISA. Out of 314 subjects, 16 was found to be positive by TES IgG ELISA and immunoblot, among whom 12 were also positive by TES IgE ELISA. Among the 16 seropositive samples, two sera showed positive reaction against Paragonimus and sparganum antigen, respectively. These results inferred that cross-reactions were negligible between toxocariasis and other helminthiases. Toxocariasis seroprevalence among Korean rural adults was detected to be approximately 5%.

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Highlights of human toxocariasis: Jean-Fran?ois Magnaval, Lawrence T. Glickman, Philippe Dorchies, Bruno Morassin; Korean J Parasitol 2001;39(1):1-11.
Published online March 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2001.39.1.1

Abstract
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Human toxocariasis is a helminthozoonosis due to the migration of Toxocara species larvae through human organism. Humans become infected by ingesting either embryonated eggs from soil (geophagia, pica), dirty hands or raw vegetables, or larvae from undercooked giblets. The diagnosis relies upon sensitive immunological methods (ELISA or western-blot) which use Toxocara excretory-secretory antigens. Seroprevalence is high in developed countries, especially in rural areas, and also in some tropical islands. The clinical spectrum of the disease comprises four syndromes, namely visceral larva migrans, ocular larva migrans, and the more recently recognized "common" (in adults) and "covert" (in children) pictures. Therapy of ocular toxocariasis is primarily based upon corticosteroids use, when visceral larva migrans and few cases of common or covert toxocariasis can be treated by anthelmintics whose the most efficient appeared to be diethylcarbamazine. When diagnosed, all of these syndromes require thorough prevention of recontamination (especially by deworming pets) and sanitary education.

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Marta Viñas, Idoia Postigo, Ester Suñén, Jorge Martínez, Maria Victoria Periago
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2020; 14(4): e0008177. CrossRef
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Toxocariasis in Iran: Is it Time to Take it Seriously?
Mohammad Javad Abbaszadeh Afshar, Farzaneh Zahabiun, Peyman Heydarian, Hossein Mozafar Saadati, Sina Mohtasebi, Farzad Khodamoradi, Vahid Raissi
Acta Parasitologica.2020; 65(3): 569. CrossRef
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Parasite.2020; 27: 32. CrossRef
An Integrated Study of Toxocara Infection in Honduran Children: Human Seroepidemiology and Environmental Contamination in a Coastal Community
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Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2020; 5(3): 135. CrossRef
A two-step morphology-PCR strategy for the identification of nematode larvae recovered from muscles after artificial digestion at meat inspection
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Toxocariasis y vacunación para Toxocara: una revisión sistemática
Dumar A. Jaramillo-Hernández, Luis F. Salazar-Garcés, Mónica M. Baquero-Parra, Carina Da Silva-Pinheiro, Neuza M. Alcantara-Neves
Orinoquia.2020; 24(2): 79. CrossRef
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Prevalence of toxocariasis and its related risk factors in humans, dogs and cats in northeastern Iran: a population-based study
Mohammad Reza Rezaiemanesh, Monavar Afzalaghaee, Sara Hamidi, Ameneh Eshaghzadeh, Maryam Paydar, Seyed Hossein Hejazi
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2019; 113(7): 399. CrossRef
Histopathological lesions caused by experimental Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina infections in farm mink (Neovison vison)
Maciej Klockiewicz, Małgorzata Sobczak-Filipiak, Tadeusz Jakubowski, Ewa Długosz
Journal of Veterinary Research.2019; 63(2): 205. CrossRef
Cytokine production and signalling in human THP-1 macrophages is dependent on Toxocara canis glycans
Ewa Długosz, Katarzyna Basałaj, Anna Zawistowska-Deniziak
Parasitology Research.2019; 118(10): 2925. CrossRef
Larval distribution, migratory pattern and histological effects of Toxocara canis in Rattus norvegicus
Kennesa Klariz R. Llanes, Cyrelle M. Besana, Vachel Gay V. Paller
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2019; 43(4): 679. CrossRef
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Nagwa Mostafa El-Sayed, Nagham Gamal Masoud
Bulletin of the National Research Centre.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Multiplex profiling of inflammation-related bioactive lipid mediators in Toxocara canis- and Toxocara cati-induced neurotoxocarosis
Patrick Waindok, Elisabeth Janecek-Erfurth, Dimitri Lindenwald, Esther Wilk, Klaus Schughart, Robert Geffers, Laurence Balas, Thierry Durand, Katharina Maria Rund, Nils Helge Schebb, Christina Strube, Alessandra Morassutti
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2019; 13(9): e0007706. CrossRef
Associations of mental disorders and neurotropic parasitic diseases: a meta-analysis in developing and emerging countries
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BMC Public Health.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
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Ali Rostami, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Celia V. Holland, Ali Taghipour, Mohsen Khalili-Fomeshi, Yadolah Fakhri, Vahid Fallah Omrani, Peter J. Hotez, Robin B. Gasser, Alessandra Nicoletti
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TOXOCARIASIS - WHAT DO WE KNOW?
Eleonora Kaneva
PROBLEMS of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases.2019; 47(1): 39. CrossRef
Environmental contamination with Toxocara spp. eggs in public parks and playground sandpits of Greater Lisbon, Portugal
David Otero, Ana M. Alho, Rolf Nijsse, Jeroen Roelfsema, Paul Overgaauw, Luís Madeira de Carvalho
Journal of Infection and Public Health.2018; 11(1): 94. CrossRef
Toxocariasis: critical analysis of serology in patients attending a public referral center for ophthalmology in Brazil
Guita Rubinsky-Elefant, Joyce H. Yamamoto, Carlos E. Hirata, Luiz E. Prestes-Carneiro
Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology.2018; 62(1): 77. CrossRef
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Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology.2018; 32(3): 227. CrossRef
Assessment of the diagnostic value of specific anti-Toxocara IgA in Slovakian patients suspected to have toxocarosis
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Folia Microbiologica.2018; 63(3): 345. CrossRef
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Revista Argentina de Microbiología.2018; 50(3): 249. CrossRef
Lactobacillus rhamnosus reduces parasite load on Toxocara canis experimental infection in mice, but has no effect on the parasite in vitro
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Parasitology Research.2018; 117(2): 597. CrossRef
A Lateral Flow Rapid Test for Human Toxocariasis Developed Using Three Toxocara canis Recombinant Antigens
Muhammad Hafiznur Yunus, Siti Naqiuyah Tan Farrizam, Izzati Zahidah Abdul Karim, Rahmah Noordin
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2018; 98(1): 32. CrossRef
Tissue expression pattern of ABCG transporter indicates functional roles in reproduction of Toxocara canis
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S. Inchauspe, L.V. Echandi, E.M. Dodds
Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología (English Edition).2018; 93(5): 220. CrossRef
Diagnóstico de toxocariasis ocular mediante la demostración de anticuerpos en el humor vítreo
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Identifying anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies in horses of Mexico
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Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia.2018; 70(1): 1. CrossRef
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Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
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The Korean Journal of Medicine.2018; 93(5): 482. CrossRef
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Enteroparasitoses and Toxocarosis Affecting Children from Mar del Plata City, Argentina
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Toxocara eggs in an 18th century Franciscan from Portugal. The challenge of differentiating between parasitism and chance in Paleoparasitology
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Toxocariasis and Public Health: An Epidemiological Review
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Global Journal of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Research.2017; : 028. CrossRef
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Veterinary Parasitology.2016; 227: 35. CrossRef
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Major Parasitic Zoonoses Associated with Dogs and Cats in Europe
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Production of interleukins 4 and 10 in children with hepatic involvement in the course of Toxocara spp. infection
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Acta Tropica.2016; 158: 20. CrossRef
Latent and AsymptomaticToxocaraInfection among Young Population in Northwest Iran: The Necessity of Informing People as a Potential Health Risk
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Scientifica.2016; 2016: 1. CrossRef
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Experimental Parasitology.2016; 171: 33. CrossRef
Human Toxocariasis: Prevalence and Factors Associated with Biosafety in Research Laboratories
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The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2016; 95(6): 1428. CrossRef
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Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2016; 29(2): 375. CrossRef
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Ocular Immunology and Inflammation.2015; : 1. CrossRef
Molecular cloning and characterization of arginine kinase gene of Toxocara canis
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International Journal for Parasitology.2015; 45(7): 495. CrossRef
Seroprevalence, disease awareness, and risk factors for Toxocara canis infection among primary schoolchildren in Makoko, an urban slum community in Nigeria
Pam V. Gyang, Olaoluwa P. Akinwale, Yueh-Lun Lee, Ting-Wu Chuang, Akwaowo B. Orok, Olusola Ajibaye, Chien-Wei Liao, Po-Ching Chen, Chia-Mei Chou, Ying-Chieh Huang, Ursula Barghouth, Chia-Kwung Fan
Acta Tropica.2015; 146: 135. CrossRef
Enhanced Resolution of Eosinophilic Liver Abscess Associated with Toxocariasis by Albendazole Treatment
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Field evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test to detect antibodies in human toxocariasis
P.K.C. Lim, H. Yamasaki, J.W. Mak, S.F. Wong, C.W. Chong, I.K.S. Yap, S. Ambu, V. Kumarasamy
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The Prevalence of Toxocariasis and Diagnostic Value of Serologic Tests in Asymptomatic Korean Adults
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Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research.2015; 7(5): 467. CrossRef
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Study of Toxocara seroprevalence among patients with allergy and healthy individuals in Bulgaria
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Experimental Parasitology.2015; 159: 252. CrossRef
Kinetics and avidity of anti-Toxocara antibodies (IgG) in rabbits experimentally infected with Toxocara canis
Lundia Luara Cavalcante Bin, Vamilton Alvares Santarém, Cecília Braga Laposy, Guita Rubinsky-Elefant, William Henry Roldán, Rogério Giuffrida
Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária.2015; 25(1): 99. CrossRef
Production of Toxocara cati TES-120 Recombinant Antigen and Comparison with its T. canis Homolog for Serodiagnosis of Toxocariasis
Anizah Rahumatullah, Mohammad Hosein Falaki Moghaddam, Farzaneh Zahabiun, Rahmah Noordin, Muhammad Hafiznur Yunus, Syazwan Saidin, Seyed Mahmoud Sadjjadi
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2015; 93(2): 319. CrossRef
Cerebral Toxocariasis: Silent Progression to Neurodegenerative Disorders?
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Producción y evaluación del antígeno recombinante Tes-30 de Toxocara canis para el inmunodiagnóstico de toxocariasis
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Prevalence and Haemato-Biochemical Studies of Toxocara canis Infestation in Dogs and Risk Perception of Zooneses by Dog Owners in Mathura, India
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Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances.2014; 9(10): 653. CrossRef
Ocular Larva Migrans: A Severe Manifestation of an Unseen Epidemic
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Current Tropical Medicine Reports.2014; 1(1): 69. CrossRef
Toxocariasis After Slug Ingestion Characterized by Severe Neurologic, Ocular, and Pulmonary Involvement
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Open Forum Infectious Diseases.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
Helminths and helminthoses in Central Europe: diseases caused by nematodes (roundworms)
Herbert Auer, Horst Aspöck
Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift.2014; 164(19-20): 424. CrossRef
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Revue Francophone des Laboratoires.2014; 2014(464): 61. CrossRef
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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine.2014; 7: S79. CrossRef
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Parasite Immunology.2014; 36(12): 668. CrossRef
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Reumatología Clínica (English Edition).2014; 10(1): 54. CrossRef
A Comparative Seroprevalence Study of Toxocariasis in Hypereosinophilic and Apparently Healthy Individuals
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Seroprevalence of Toxocara spp. in children with atopy
Daliane Faria Grama, Susana Zevallos Lescano, Kelem Cristina Pereira Mota, Brunna dos Anjos Pultz, Juliana Silva Miranda, Gesmar Rodrigues Silva Segundo, Ernesto Akio Taketomi, Karla Pereira Fernandes, Jean Ezequiel Limongi, Fabiana Martins de Paula, Pedr
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Toxocariasis: seroprevalence in abandoned-institutionalized children and infants
Susana Archelli, Graciela I. Santillan, Reinaldo Fonrouge, Graciela Céspedes, Lola Burgos, Nilda Radman
Revista Argentina de Microbiología.2014; 46(1): 3. CrossRef
Parasitic Pneumonia and Lung Involvement
Attapon Cheepsattayakorn, Ruangrong Cheepsattayakorn
BioMed Research International.2014; 2014: 1. CrossRef
Pulmonary Toxocariasis Mimicking Invasive Aspergillosis in a Patient with Ulcerative Colitis
Eun Jin Park, Joon Young Song, Min Ju Choi, Ji Ho Jeon, Jah-yeon Choi, Tae Un Yang, Kyung Wook Hong, Ji Yun Noh, Hee Jin Cheong, Woo Joo Kim
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A Case of Ocular Toxocariasis Successfully Treated with Albendazole and Triamcinolon
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(5): 537. CrossRef
Global Burden of Toxocariasis: A Common Neglected Infection of Poverty
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Current Tropical Medicine Reports.2014; 1(1): 52. CrossRef
Comparison of Toxocariasis Frequency in Hyper- eosinophilic and Non- Eosinophilic Individuals Referred to Abadan Health Centers
Sharif Maraghi, Mohammad Jafar Yadyad, Fatemeh Shamakhteh, Seyed Mahmoud Latifi
International Journal of Enteric Pathogens.2014;[Epub] CrossRef
Exposure to Multiple Parasites Is Associated with the Prevalence of Active Convulsive Epilepsy in Sub-Saharan Africa
Gathoni Kamuyu, Christian Bottomley, James Mageto, Brett Lowe, Patricia P. Wilkins, John C. Noh, Thomas B. Nutman, Anthony K. Ngugi, Rachael Odhiambo, Ryan G. Wagner, Angelina Kakooza-Mwesige, Seth Owusu-Agyei, Kenneth Ae-Ngibise, Honorati Masanja, Faith
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2014; 8(5): e2908. CrossRef
Seroprevalence and Modifiable Risk Factors for Toxocara spp. in Brazilian Schoolchildren
Alex J. F. Cassenote, Alba R. de Abreu Lima, José M. Pinto Neto, Guita Rubinsky-Elefant, Emily Jenkins
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2014; 8(5): e2830. CrossRef
Neglected Parasitic Infections in the United States: Toxocariasis
Dana M. Woodhall, Mark L. Eberhard, Monica E. Parise
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2014; 90(5): 810. CrossRef
Research on Toxocara Canis antibodies obtained from patients with eosinophilia
E Artinyan, H Kırkoyun Uysal, O Akgul, S Altıparmak, YA Oner
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology.2014; 32(4): 383. CrossRef
Expect the Unexpected: A Case of Isolated Eosinophilic Meningitis in Toxocariasis
Christian Sick, Michael G. Hennerici
Case Reports in Neurology.2014; 6(3): 259. CrossRef
An agent-based model of exposure to human toxocariasis: a multi-country validation
K. KANOBANA, B. DEVLEESSCHAUWER, K. POLMAN, N. SPEYBROECK
Parasitology.2013; 140(8): 986. CrossRef
Ocular Toxocariasis
J. Fernando Arevalo, Juan V. Espinoza, Fernando A. Arevalo
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus.2013; 50(2): 76. CrossRef
Toxocariasis of the Optic Disc
Yong Joon Kim, Chan Hee Moon, Jee Ho Chang
Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology.2013; 33(2): 151. CrossRef
Toxocara spp. infections in paratenic hosts
Christina Strube, Lea Heuer, Elisabeth Janecek
Veterinary Parasitology.2013; 193(4): 375. CrossRef
Toxocara-induced hepatic inflammation: Immunohistochemical characterization of lymphocyte subpopulations and Bcl-2 expression
Ahmad A. Othman, Dalia S. Ashour, Dareen A. Mohamed
Experimental Parasitology.2013; 134(1): 76. CrossRef
Diagnosis of human nematode infections
Coralie L’Ollivier, Renaud Piarroux
Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy.2013; 11(12): 1363. CrossRef
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J. Fillaux, J.-F. Magnaval
Veterinary Parasitology.2013; 193(4): 327. CrossRef
Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Toxocara canis Infection in Children
Camilo Romero Núñez, Germán David Mendoza Martínez, Selene Yañez Arteaga, Martha Ponce Macotela, Patricia Bustamante Montes, Ninfa Ramírez Durán, Gabriella Cancrini, Edward L. Jarroll
The Scientific World Journal.2013;[Epub] CrossRef
Manifestaciones cardiovasculares de la toxocariasis humana
Adrián Bolívar-Mejía, Alfonso J. Rodríguez-Morales, Alberto E. Paniz-Mondolfi, Olinda Delgado
Archivos de Cardiología de México.2013; 83(2): 120. CrossRef
A Case of Acute Cholecystitis Combined with Eosinophilic Pericarditis Caused by Toxocariasis
Jin Woo Choo, Hyun Jong Choi, Jong Ho Moon, Jong Ho Chung, Jin Seok Park, Yu Sik Myung, Hye Sun Seo
Korean Journal of Medicine.2013; 84(6): 836. CrossRef
A perfect time to harness advanced molecular technologies to explore the fundamental biology of Toxocara species
Robin B. Gasser
Veterinary Parasitology.2013; 193(4): 353. CrossRef
Factors affecting disease manifestation of toxocarosis in humans: Genetics and environment
Chia-Kwung Fan, Chien-Wei Liao, Yu-Chieh Cheng
Veterinary Parasitology.2013; 193(4): 342. CrossRef
Toxocara spp. seroprevalence in sheep from southern Brazil
Gabriela Lopes Rassier, Sibele Borsuk, Felipe Pappen, Carlos Jaime Scaini, Tiago Gallina, Marcos Marreiro Villela, Nara Amélia da Rosa Farias, Magda Vieira Benavides, Maria Elisabeth Aires Berne
Parasitology Research.2013; 112(9): 3181. CrossRef
Eosinophilic granulomatous gastrointestinal and hepatic abscesses attributable to basidiobolomycosis and fasciolias: a simultaneous emergence in Iraqi Kurdistan
Hemmin A Hassan, Runnak A Majid, Nawshirwan G Rashid, Bryar E Nuradeen, Qalandar H Abdulkarim, Tahir A Hawramy, Rekawt M Rashid, Alton B Farris, Jeannette Guarner, Michael D Hughson
BMC Infectious Diseases.2013;[Epub] CrossRef
Toxocariasis in Waste Pickers: A Case Control Seroprevalence Study
Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel, Herbert B. Tanowitz
PLoS ONE.2013; 8(1): e54897. CrossRef
Toxocara Infection in Psychiatric Inpatients: A Case Control Seroprevalence Study
Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel, Bruce Russell
PLoS ONE.2013; 8(4): e62606. CrossRef
PCR-Based Molecular Characterization of Toxocara spp. Using Feces of Stray Cats: A Study from Southwest Iran
Shahram Khademvatan, Fakher Rahim, Mahdi Tavalla, Rahman Abdizadeh, Mahmoud Hashemitabar, Kelly A. Brayton
PLoS ONE.2013; 8(6): e65293. CrossRef
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF THE PROBIOTIC Saccharomyces boulardii IN Toxocara canis INFECTION IS NOT DUE TO DIRECT ACTION ON THE LARVAE
Luciana Farias da Costa de Avila, Paula de Lima Telmo, Lourdes Helena Rodrigues Martins, Thais Aimee Glaeser, Fabricio Rochedo Conceicao, Fabio Pereira Leivas Leite, Carlos James Scaini
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo.2013; 55(5): 363. CrossRef
Analysis of the course and treatment of toxocariasis in children—a long-term observation
M. Wiśniewska-Ligier, T. Woźniakowska-Gęsicka, J. Sobolewska-Dryjańska, A. Markiewicz-Jóźwiak, M. Wieczorek
Parasitology Research.2012; 110(6): 2363. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of toxocariasis in hypereosinophilic individuals in Ahwaz, south-western Iran
S. Maraghi, A. Rafiei, R. Hajihossein, S. M. Sadjjadi
Journal of Helminthology.2012; 86(2): 241. CrossRef
Therapeutic battle against larval toxocariasis: Are we still far behind?
Ahmad A. Othman
Acta Tropica.2012; 124(3): 171. CrossRef
Advances in molecular identification, taxonomy, genetic variation and diagnosis of Toxocara spp.
Jia Chen, Dong-Hui Zhou, Alasdair J. Nisbet, Min-Jun Xu, Si-Yang Huang, Ming-Wei Li, Chun-Ren Wang, Xing-Quan Zhu
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2012; 12(7): 1344. CrossRef
Eosinophilic Myocarditis Associated with Visceral Larva Migrans Caused byToxocara CanisInfection
Ji Hee Kim, Woo-Baek Chung, Kyung-Yoon Chang, Sun-Young Ko, Mi-Hee Park, Young-Kyoung Sa, Yun-Seok Choi, Chul-Soo Park, Man-Young Lee
Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound.2012; 20(3): 150. CrossRef
Meningitis byToxocara canisafter Ingestion of Raw Ostrich Liver
Young Noh, Sung-Tae Hong, Ji Young Yun, Hong-Kyun Park, Jung-Hwan Oh, Young Eun Kim, Beom S. Jeon
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2012; 27(9): 1105. CrossRef
Association between contamination of public squares and seropositivity for Toxocara spp. in children
Marcos P. Manini, Ariella A. Marchioro, Cristiane M. Colli, Letícia Nishi, Ana L. Falavigna-Guilherme
Veterinary Parasitology.2012; 188(1-2): 48. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Seven Zoonotic Infections in Nunavik, Quebec (Canada)
V. Messier, B. Lévesque, J.‐F. Proulx, L. Rochette, B. Serhir, M. Couillard, B. J. Ward, M. D. Libman, É. Dewailly, S. Déry
Zoonoses and Public Health.2012; 59(2): 107. CrossRef
Frequency of antibodies to Toxocara in Cuban schoolchildren
I. Sariego, K. Kanobana, R. Junco, K. Vereecken, F. A. Núñez, K. Polman, M. Bonet, L. Rojas
Tropical Medicine & International Health.2012; 17(6): 711. CrossRef
A Case of Toxocariasis with Visceral Larva Migrans Combined with Ocular Larva Migrans
Ji Eun Park, Mi-Jung Oh, Dong Hyun Oh, In Myung Oh, Kyoung Hwa Yoo, Sung Gyu Im, Hyun Kyung Ghil
Korean Journal of Medicine.2012; 83(4): 543. CrossRef
Parasitic Liver Disease in Travelers
Wilson W. Chan, Adrienne Showler, Andrea K. Boggild
Infectious Disease Clinics of North America.2012; 26(3): 755. CrossRef
Analysis of serum cytokine levels in children with chronic cough associated with Toxocara canis infection
D. Nagy, O. Bede, J. Danka, Z. SzÉnási, S. Sipka
Parasite Immunology.2012; 34(12): 581. CrossRef
Clinical Evaluation of Toxocariasis Presenting as a Liver Abscess
Dong Wook Joo, Byung Seok Kim, Kyung Ho Ha, Kyoung Chan Park, Jung Il Ryu, Chang Hyeong Lee
Korean Journal of Medicine.2012; 82(4): 435. CrossRef
Human Toxocariasis Presenting with Fever and Colestatic Hepatitis: An Underestimated but Current Zoonosis
Vera Sicbaldi, Andrea Bellodi, Valerio Del Bono, Eleonora Arboscello, Riccardo Ghio
International Journal of Clinical Medicine.2012; 03(07): 595. CrossRef
Antigen-Specific T Cells and Cytokines Detection as Useful Tool for Understanding Immunity against Zoonotic Infections
Annalisa Agnone, Alessandra Torina, Gesualdo Vesco, Sara Villari, Fabrizio Vitale, Santo Caracappa, Marco Pio La Manna, Francesco Dieli, Guido Sireci
Clinical and Developmental Immunology.2012; 2012: 1. CrossRef
Toxocariasis in Cuba: A Literature Review
Idalia Sariego, Kirezi Kanobana, Lázara Rojas, Niko Speybroeck, Katja Polman, Fidel A. Núñez, Hélène Carabin
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2012; 6(2): e1382. CrossRef
IgG Antibody responses in mice coinfected with Toxocara canis and other helminths or protozoan parasites
Susana A. Zevallos Lescano, Maria Cristina Nakhle, Manoel Carlos S.A. Ribeiro, Pedro Paulo Chieffi
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo.2012; 54(3): 145. CrossRef
An evaluation of the dot-ELISA procedure as a diagnostic test in an area with a high prevalence of human Toxocara canis infection
María V Bojanich, Gioia L Marino, María Á López, José M Alonso
Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.2012; 107(2): 194. CrossRef
A case of liver abscess caused by toxocara canis
Yasumiko SAKAMOTO, Shigeki OKAMURA, Seiya SAITOH, Hiroo MATSUSHITA, Takumasa NISHIMURA, Masami KIMURA
Nihon Rinsho Geka Gakkai Zasshi (Journal of Japan Surgical Association).2012; 73(1): 97. CrossRef
Seroepidemiology of Nine Zoonoses in Viljujsk, Republic of Sakha (Northeastern Siberia, Russian Federation)
Jean-François Magnaval, Hugues Tolou, Morgane Gibert, Vladimir Innokentiev, Mylène Laborde, Olga Melnichuk, Marc Grandadam, Eric Crubézy, Anatoly Alekseev
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2011; 11(2): 157. CrossRef
Toxocara canis larvae reinfecting BALB/c mice exhibit accelerated speed of migration to the host CNS
Petra Kolbeková, David Větvička, Jan Svoboda, Karl Skírnisson, Markéta Leissová, Martin Syrůček, Helena Marečková, Libuše Kolářová
Parasitology Research.2011; 109(5): 1267. CrossRef
Anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies in sheep from southeastern Brazil
Vamilton Alvares Santarém, Paula Andreia Fabris Chesine, Beatriz Esther Leme Lamers, Guita Rubinsky-Elefant, Rogério Giuffrida
Veterinary Parasitology.2011; 179(1-3): 283. CrossRef
An Extremely Uncommon Case of Parasitic Infection Presenting as Eosinophilic Ascites in a Young Patient
Kemal Oncu, Yusuf Yazgan, Mustafa Kaplan, Alpaslan Tanoglu, Irfan Kucuk, Ufuk Berber, Levent Demirturk
Case Reports in Gastroenterology.2011; 5(1): 139. CrossRef
Kinetics of Foxp3-expressing regulatory cells in experimental Toxocara canis infection
Ahmad A. Othman, Safinaz H. El-Shourbagy, Rasha H. Soliman
Experimental Parasitology.2011; 127(2): 454. CrossRef
Toxocara and Ascaris seropositivity among patients suspected of visceral and ocular larva migrans in the Netherlands: trends from 1998 to 2009
E. Pinelli, T. Herremans, M. G. Harms, D. Hoek, L. M. Kortbeek
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases.2011; 30(7): 873. CrossRef
Imaging of Toxocara canis larvae labelled by CFSE in BALB/c mice
Petra Kolbeková, Libuše Kolářová, David Větvička, Martin Syrůček
Parasitology Research.2011; 108(4): 1007. CrossRef
Cough syncope and multiple pulmonary nodules
Louis Kreitmann, François Collet, Jean-Paul Gouello, Malcolm Lemyze
Internal and Emergency Medicine.2011; 6(4): 377. CrossRef
Contamination of the soil by eggs of geohelminths in rural areas of Lodz district (Poland)
J. Blaszkowska, P. Kurnatowski, P. Damiecka
Helminthologia.2011;[Epub] CrossRef
Toxocara Canis Myelitis
Rosette A. Jabbour, Souha S. Kanj, Raja A. Sawaya, Ghassan N. Awar, Mukbil H. Hourani, Samir F. Atweh
Medicine.2011; 90(5): 337. CrossRef
Potential immunological markers for diagnosis and therapeutic assessment of toxocariasis
Guita Rubinsky-Elefant, Sumie Hoshino-Shimizu, Cristina Miuki Abe Jacob, Maria Carmen Arroyo Sanchez, Antonio Walter Ferreira
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo.2011; 53(2): 61. CrossRef
Avaliação eosinofílica e soropositividade para anticorpos IgG anti-toxocara em crianças atendidas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde
Ariella Andrade Marchioro, Cristiane Maria Colli, Salete Mattia, Márcia Liz Paludo, Gisely Cardoso de Melo, Carolina Moreira Adami, Sandra Marisa Pelloso, Ana Lúcia F. Guilherme
Revista Paulista de Pediatria.2011; 29(1): 80. CrossRef
Identification of candidate antigens from adult stages of Toxocara canis for the serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis
Patrícia Longuinhos Peixoto, Evaldo Nascimento, Guilherme Grossi Lopes Cançado, Rodrigo Rodrigues Cambraia de Miranda, Regina Lunardi Rocha, Ricardo Nascimento Araújo, Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara
Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.2011; 106(2): 200. CrossRef
Protective and risk factors for toxocariasis in children from two different social classes of Brazil
Vamilton Alvares Santarém, Flávia Noris Chagas Leli, Guita Rubinsky-Elefant, Rogério Giuffrida
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo.2011; 53(2): 66. CrossRef
The increase in seroprevalence to Toxocara canis in asthmatic children is related to cross-reaction with Ascaris suum antigens
M.A. Muñoz-Guzmán, B.E. del Río-Navarro, G. Valdivia-Anda, F. Alba-Hurtado
Allergologia et Immunopathologia.2010; 38(3): 115. CrossRef
A Case of Recurrent Toxocariasis Presenting With Urticaria
Min-Hye Kim, Jae-Woo Jung, Jae-Woo Kwon, Tae-Whan Kim, Sae-Hoon Kim, Sang-Heon Cho, Kyung-Up Min, You-Young Kim, Yoon-Seok Chang
Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Research.2010; 2(4): 267. CrossRef
Comparative assessment of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot for the diagnosis of toxocariasis in patients with skin disorders
A-P. Bellanger, P. Humbert, B. Gavignet, A.D. Deschaseaux, C. Barisien, S. Roussel, L. Millon, F. Aubin, R. Piarroux
British Journal of Dermatology.2010; 162(1): 80. CrossRef
Recovery threshold of Toxocara canis eggs from soil
I.G. Rosa Xavier, B.C. Ramos, V.A. Santarém
Veterinary Parasitology.2010; 167(1): 77. CrossRef
Toxocara canis: Potential activity of natural products against second-stage larvae in vitro and in vivo
Mariana Reis, Alcione Trinca, Maria José U. Ferreira, Ana R. Monsalve-Puello, Maria Amélia A. Grácio
Experimental Parasitology.2010; 126(2): 191. CrossRef
Familial Case of Visceral Larval Migrans of Toxocara Canis after Ingestion of Raw Chicken Liver
Min Su Park, Young Joon Ahn, Kyung Rye Moon
Korean Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition.2010; 13(1): 70. CrossRef
Emerging Zoonoses in the Southern United States: Toxocariasis, Bovine Tuberculosis and Southern Tick-Associated Rash Illness
Rachel M. Clinton, Hélène Carabin, Susan E. Little
The American Journal of the Medical Sciences.2010; 340(3): 187. CrossRef
Syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë secondaire à une infection à Toxocara cati
J.-M. Tadié, A. Chaudeurge, N. Lerolle, J. Audibert, A. Novara, J.-Y. Fagon, E. Guérot
Revue des Maladies Respiratoires.2010; 27(5): 505. CrossRef
Biochemical and immunopathological changes in experimental neurotoxocariasis
Ahmad A. Othman, Ghada A. Abdel-Aleem, Eman M. Saied, Wael W. Mayah, Afaf M. Elatrash
Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology.2010; 172(1): 1. CrossRef
Emerging and Established Parasitic Lung Infestations
Vannan Kandi Vijayan, Tarek Kilani
Infectious Disease Clinics of North America.2010; 24(3): 579. CrossRef
In vitro and in vivo effects of Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 on Toxocara canis
Paula G Chiodo, Mónica D Sparo, Betina C Pezzani, Marta C Minvielle, Juan A Basualdo
Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.2010; 105(5): 615. CrossRef
Serological, clinical and epidemiological evaluation of toxocariasis in urban areas of south Brazil
Cristiane M. Colli, Guita Rubinsky-Elefant, Marcia L. Paludo, Dina L. M. Falavigna, Edson V. Guilherme, Salete Mattia, Silvana M. Araújo, Érika C. Ferreira, Isolde T. S. Previdelli, Ana L. Falavigna-Guilherme
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo.2010; 52(2): 69. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of human toxocariasis in Andean communities from the Northeast of Lima, Peru
Yrma A. Espinoza, Pedro E. Huapaya, William H. Roldán, Susana Jiménez, Enma P. Abanto, Carlos A. Rojas, Yuri A. Cavero, César A. Gutiérrez
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo.2010; 52(1): 31. CrossRef
Human toxocariasis: a seroepidemiological survey in the Amazonian city of Yurimaguas, Peru
William H. Roldán, Yuri A. Cavero, Yrma A. Espinoza, Susana Jiménez, César A. Gutiérrez
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo.2010; 52(1): 37. CrossRef
How common is human toxocariasis? Towards standardizing our knowledge
Huw Smith, Celia Holland, Mervyn Taylor, J-F. Magnaval, Peter Schantz, Rick Maizels
Trends in Parasitology.2009; 25(4): 182. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Toxocara canis infection among asymptomatic children with eosinophilia in Croatia
M. Sviben, T.V. Čavlek, E.M. Missoni, G.M. Galinović
Journal of Helminthology.2009; 83(4): 369. CrossRef
Impact of Toxocariasis in Patients with Unexplained Patchy Pulmonary Infiltrate in Korea
Young-Soon Yoon, Chang-Hoon Lee, Young-Ae Kang, Sung-Youn Kwon, Ho Il Yoon, Jae-Ho Lee, Choon-Taek Lee
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2009; 24(1): 40. CrossRef
Experimental Infection withToxocara catiin BALB/c Mice, Migratory Behaviour and Pathological Changes
N. Cardillo, A. Rosa, M. Ribicich, C. López, I. Sommerfelt
Zoonoses and Public Health.2009; 56(4): 198. CrossRef
Morphology and Occurrence of Species of Toxocara in Wild Mammal Populations from Egypt
Nahla A. Radwan, Amal I. Khalil, Rasha A. El Mahi
Comparative Parasitology.2009; 76(2): 273. CrossRef
Toxocara seropositivity in Sri Lankan children with asthma
Deepika Fernando, Pujitha Wickramasinghe, Gamini Kapilananda, Rajika L. Dewasurendra, Melanie Amarasooriya, Asangi Dayaratne
Pediatrics International.2009; 51(2): 241. CrossRef
Ultrastructural Localization of Toxocara canis Larval Antigen Reacted with a Seropositive Human Serum
Soo-Ung Lee, Jae-Ran Yu, Sun Huh
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(1): 65. CrossRef
Toxocariasis Might be an Important Cause of Atopic Myelitis in Korea
Jin-Young Lee, Byoung-Joon Kim, Sang-Pyo Lee, Yun-Jin Jeung, Mi-Jung Oh, Min-Su Park, Jae-Won Paeng, Byung-Jae Lee, Dong-Chull Choi
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2009; 24(6): 1024. CrossRef
Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot test for the confirmatory serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis
William H Roldán, Yrma A Espinoza
Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.2009; 104(3): 411. CrossRef
Frequency of human toxocariasis in a rural population from Cajamarca, Peru determined by DOT-ELISA test
William H. Roldán, Yrma A. Espinoza, Pedro E. Huapaya, Alina F. Huiza, Carlos R. Sevilla, Susana Jiménez
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo.2009; 51(2): 67. CrossRef
Influence of variables on centrifuge-flotation technique for recovery of Toxocara canis eggs from soil
Vamilton Alvares Santarém, Luciana Puga Magoti, Tathiana Dias Sichieri
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo.2009; 51(3): 163. CrossRef
Human toxocariasis: contribution by Brazilian researchers
Pedro Paulo Chieffi, Sérgio Vieira dos Santos, Maisa Leite de Queiroz, Susana A. Zevallos Lescano
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo.2009; 51(6): 301. CrossRef
Differentiation of Larva Migrans Caused byBaylisascaris procyonisandToxocaraSpecies by Western Blotting
Sriveny Dangoudoubiyam, Kevin R. Kazacos
Clinical and Vaccine Immunology.2009; 16(11): 1563. CrossRef
Development and Evaluation of a Sensitive and Specific Assay for Diagnosis of Human Toxocariasis by Use of Three Recombinant Antigens (TES-26, TES-30USM, and TES-120)
Suharni Mohamad, Norhaida Che Azmi, Rahmah Noordin
Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2009; 47(6): 1712. CrossRef
The co-occurrence of Toxocaraocular and visceral larva migrans syndrome: a case series
Małgorzata Paul, Jerzy Stefaniak, Hanna Twardosz-Pawlik, Krystyna Pecold
Cases Journal.2009;[Epub] CrossRef
Parasitic lung infection and the paediatric lung
Gilberto Bueno Fischer, Edgar E. Sarria, Álvaro Jorge Madeiro Leite, Murilo Carlos Amorim de Britto
Paediatric Respiratory Reviews.2008; 9(1): 57. CrossRef
A familial case of visceral toxocariasis due to consumption of raw bovine liver
Masahide Yoshikawa, Mariko Nishiofuku, Kei Moriya, Yukiteru Ouji, Shigeaki Ishizaka, Kei Kasahara, Kei-ichi Mikasa, Toshiko Hirai, Youka Mizuno, Shuhei Ogawa, Takahito Nakamura, Haruhiko Maruyama, Nobuaki Akao
Parasitology International.2008; 57(4): 525. CrossRef
Epilepsy and toxocariasis: a case–control study in Italy
Alessandra Nicoletti, Vito Sofia, Antonia Mantella, Giuseppina Vitale, Donatella Contrafatto, Veronica Sorbello, Roberto Biondi, Pierre‐Marie Preux, Hector Hugo Garcia, Mario Zappia, Alessandro Bartoloni
Epilepsia.2008; 49(4): 594. CrossRef
Experimental toxocariosis in BALB/c mice: Effect of the inoculation dose on brain and eye involvement
María Dolores Ollero, Soledad Fenoy, Carmen Cuéllar, José Luis Guillén, Carmen del Aguila
Acta Tropica.2008; 105(2): 124. CrossRef
Environmental and personal risk factors for toxocariasis in children with diagnosed disease in urban and rural areas of central Poland
Jakub Gawor, Anna Borecka, Hanna Żarnowska, Magdalena Marczyńska, Sabina Dobosz
Veterinary Parasitology.2008; 155(3-4): 217. CrossRef
Helminthic parasites and seizures
Hector H. Garcia, Manish Modi
Epilepsia.2008; 49(s6): 25. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of Toxocariasis among Healthy People with Eosinophilia
Yong-Hun Kim, Sun Huh, Young-Bae Chung
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2008; 46(1): 29. CrossRef
Follow-up of antibody avidity in BALB/c mice infected withToxocara canis
S. FENOY, M. RODERO, E. PONS, C. AGUILA, C. CUÉLLAR
Parasitology.2008; 135(6): 725. CrossRef
Toxocara Seroprevalence in Schizophrenic Patients in Turkey
Mustafa Kaplan, Ahmet Kalkan, Salih Kuk, Kutbeddin Demirdag, Mehmet Ozden, S. Sirri Kilic
Yonsei Medical Journal.2008; 49(2): 224. CrossRef
rTES-30USM: cloning via assembly PCR, expression, and evaluation of usefulness in the detection of toxocariasis
A. Norhaida, M. Suharni, A. T. Liza Sharmini, J. Tuda, N. Rahmah
Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology.2008; 102(2): 151. CrossRef
Application of Toxocara canis excretory–secretory antigens and IgG subclass antibodies (IgG1-4) in serodiagnostic assays of human toxocariasis
Dorn Watthanakulpanich, Huw V. Smith, Glyn Hobbs, Anthony J. Whalley, David Billington
Acta Tropica.2008; 106(2): 90. CrossRef
Anticysticercal and antitoxocaral antibodies in people with epilepsy in rural Tanzania
Andrea Sylvia Winkler, Joachim Blocher, Herbert Auer, Thaddaeus Gotwald, William Matuja, Erich Schmutzhard
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2008; 102(10): 1032. CrossRef
The investigation of Toxocara canis eggs in coats of different dog breeds as a potential transmission route in human toxocariasis
M. Aydenizöz-Özkayhan, B.B. Yağcı, S. Erat
Veterinary Parasitology.2008; 152(1-2): 94. CrossRef
Cutaneous manifestations of human toxocariasis
Béatrice Gavignet, Renaud Piarroux, François Aubin, Laurence Millon, Philippe Humbert
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Case Report

Five cases of ocular toxocariasis confirmed by serology: Sung-Pyo Park, Inwon Park, Hyun-Young Park, Soo-Ung Lee, Sun Huh, Jean-Fran?ois Magnaval; Korean J Parasitol 2000;38(4):267-273.
Published online December 31, 2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2000.38.4.267

Abstract
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We report 5 cases of ocular toxocariasis in Korean adults complaining of visual impairment along with floating or bubbling sensation. Fundoscopic examination revealed a retinal detachment along with exudate in 4 cases. They all showed typical reaction by ELISA and immunoblot against Toxocra excretory-secretory antigen. One case showed high level of anti-Toxocara IgE antibodies (34,000 Toxocara units/L) as well as increased level of serum total IgE antibodies and the specific IgE antibodies for 3 inhalant antigens, suggesting that high level of anti-Toxocara IgE antibodies was associated with an atopic status. Clinical manifestations were improved after the sequential use of steroids then mebendazole. We also suggest that ocular toxocariasis should be thoroughly investigated even when an evocative uniocular inflammatory lesion is encountered in peripheral retina without a systematic disease.

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