Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Tritrichomonas foetus"

Brief Communication

Efficacy of Ronidazole for Treatment of Cats Experimentally Infected with a Korean Isolate of Tritrichomonas foetus: Sun Lim, Sang-Ik Park, Kyu-Sung Ahn, Dae-Sung Oh, Sung-Shik Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(2):161-164.
Published online May 24, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.2.161

Abstract
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To evaluate the efficacy of ronidazole for treatment of Tritrichomonas foetus infection, 6 Tritrichomonas-free kittens were experimentally infected with a Korean isolate of T. foetus. The experimental infection was confirmed by direct microscopy, culture, and single-tube nested PCR, and all cats demonstrated trophozoites of T. foetus by day 20 post-infection in the feces. From day 30 after the experimentally induced infection, 3 cats were treated with ronidazole (50 mg/kg twice a day for 14 days) and 3 other cats received placebo. Feces from each cat were tested for the presence of T. foetus by direct smear and culture of rectal swab samples using modified Diamond's medium once a week for 4 weeks. To confirm the culture results, the presence of T. foetus rRNA gene was determined by single-tube nested PCR assay. All 3 cats in the treatment group receiving ronidazole showed negative results for T. foetus infection during 2 weeks of treatment and 4 weeks follow-up by all detection methods used in this study. In contrast, rectal swab samples from cats in the control group were positive for T. foetus continuously throughout the study. The present study indicates that ronidazole is also effective to treat cats infected experimentally with a Korean isolate of T. foetus at a dose of 50 mg/kg twice a day for 14 days.

Citations

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Efficacy of guar gum-based ronidazole capsules as a treatment for Tritrichomonas foetus infection in cats
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Case Report

First Report of Feline Intestinal Trichomoniasis Caused by Tritrichomonas foetus in Korea: Sun Lim, Sang-Ik Park, Kyu-Sung Ahn, Dae-Sung Oh, Jae-Sook Ryu, Sung-Shik Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(3):247-251.
Published online September 16, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.3.247

Abstract
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Feline intestinal tritrichomoniasis by Tritrichomonas foetus was first recognized in USA in 1999 and has so far been reported from UK, Norway, Switzerland, and Australia, but not from the Far East Asian countries. In November 2008, 2 female and male littermate Siamese cats, 6-month old, raised in a household in Korea were referred from a local veterinary clinic with a history of chronic persistent diarrhea. A direct smear examination of fecal specimens revealed numerous trichomonad trophozoites which were isolated by the fecal culture in InPouch™ TF-Feline medium. A PCR testing of the isolate based on the amplification of a conserved portion of the T. foetus internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions (ITS1 and ITS2) and the 5.8S rRNA gene, and the molecular sequencing of the PCR amplicons confirmed infection with T. foetus. This is the first clinical case of feline intestinal trichomoniasis caused by T. foetus in Korea.

Citations

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Prevalence of Tritrichomonas foetus Among Cats in Poland Between 2020 and 2024
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Efficacy of guar gum-based ronidazole capsules as a treatment for Tritrichomonas foetus infection in cats
Aurélien Grellet, Seyf Eddine Makhlouf, Loic Desquilbet, Fani Hovhannessian, Cassandre Boogaerts, Vanessa Dore, Myriam Anthony, Bernadette Espana, Caroline Prouillac, Plamen Kirilov, Bruno Polack, Sébastien Perrot
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery.2017; 19(2): 177. CrossRef
Comparative proteomic analysis of two pathogenic Tritrichomonas foetus genotypes: there is more to the proteome than meets the eye
Leah J. Stroud, Jan Šlapeta, Matthew P. Padula, Dylan Druery, George Tsiotsioras, Jens R. Coorssen, Colin M. Stack
International Journal for Parasitology.2017; 47(4): 203. CrossRef
The conundrum of feline trichomonosis: the more we learn the ‘trickier’ it gets
Jody L Gookin, Katherine Hanrahan, Michael G Levy
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery.2017; 19(3): 261. CrossRef
Cross-sectional survey on Tritrichomonas foetus infection in Italian cats
F. Veronesi, A.L. Gazzonis, E. Napoli, E. Brianti, A. Santoro, S.A. Zanzani, E. Olivieri, M. Diaferia, S. Giannetto, M.G. Pennisi, M.T. Manfredi
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Tritrichomonas foetus infection, a cause of chronic diarrhea in the domestic cat
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Comparative RNA-seq analysis of the Tritrichomonas foetus PIG30/1 isolate from pigs reveals close association with Tritrichomonas foetus BP-4 isolate ‘bovine genotype’
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High prevalence of Tritrichomonas foetus ‘bovine genotype’ in faecal samples from domestic pigs at a farm where bovine trichomonosis has not been reported for over 30 years
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Functional profiling of the Tritrichomonas foetus transcriptome and proteome
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Molecular Survey of Tritrichomonas suis (=T. foetus) ‘Cat’ and ‘Cattle’ Genotypes in Pigs in Japan
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Tritrichomonas – Systematics of an enigmatic genus
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Molecular and Cellular Probes.2012; 26(3): 132. CrossRef
Efficacy of Ronidazole for Treatment of Cats Experimentally Infected with a Korean Isolate of Tritrichomonas foetus
Sun Lim, Sang-Ik Park, Kyu-Sung Ahn, Dae-Sung Oh, Sung-Shik Shin
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2012; 50(2): 161. CrossRef
Detection of Tritrichomonas foetus and Pentatrichomonas hominis in intestinal tissue specimens of cats by chromogenic in situ hybridization
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Veterinary Parasitology.2012; 183(3-4): 209. CrossRef

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Original Article

Delayed Human Neutrophil Apoptosis by Trichomonas vaginalis Lysate: Hyun-Ouk Song, Young-Su Lim, Sun-Joo Moon, Myoung-Hee Ahn, Jae-Sook Ryu; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(1):1-7.
Published online March 17, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.1

Abstract
PDF

Neutrophils play an important role in the human immune system for protection against such microorganisms as a protozoan parasite, Trichomonas vaginalis; however, the precise role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of trichomoniasis is still unknown. Moreover, it is thought that trichomonal lysates and excretory-secretory products (ESP), as well as live T. vaginalis, could possibly interact with neutrophils in local tissues, including areas of inflammation induced by T. vaginalis in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of T. vaginalis lysate on the fate of neutrophils. We found that T. vaginalis lysate inhibits apoptosis of human neutrophils as revealed by Giemsa stain. Less altered mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and surface CD16 receptor expression also supported the idea that neutrophil apoptosis is delayed after T. vaginalis lysate stimulation. In contrast, ESP stimulated-neutrophils were similar in apoptotic features of untreated neutrophils. Maintained caspase-3 and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) in neutrophils co-cultured with trichomonad lysate suggest that an intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis was involved in T. vaginalis lysate-induced delayed neutrophil apoptosis; this phenomenon may contribute to local inflammation in trichomoniasis.

Citations

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The role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in pregnant women: A review
Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu, Gideon Ikechukwu Okoroiwu, Nwanganga Ihuoma Ubosi, Getrude Uzoma Obeagu, Ebere Emilia Ayogu, Elham Elamin
Medicine.2025; 104(41): e45063. CrossRef
Trichomonas vaginalis excretory secretory proteins reduce semen quality and male fertility
Zhenchao Zhang, Fakun Li, Yangyang Deng, Yuhua Li, Wanxin Sheng, Xiaowei Tian, Zhenke Yang, Shuai Wang, Lihua Guo, Lixia Hao, Xuefang Mei
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Trichomonas vaginalis triggers neutrophil extracellular traps reducing parasite integrity and growth
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Immune cell arrival kinetics to peritoneum and role during murine-experimental trichomoniasis
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Trichomonas vaginalis induces apoptosis via ROS and ER stress response through ER–mitochondria crosstalk in SiHa cells
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Parasites & Vectors.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
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Trichonomas vaginalis Metalloproteinase Induces Apoptosis of SiHa Cells through Disrupting the Mcl-1/Bim and Bcl-xL/Bim Complexes
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Altered CD16 expression on vaginal neutrophils from women with vaginitis
Joziani Beghini, Paulo C. Giraldo, Ruth Riboldi, Rose L.G. Amaral, José Eleutério, Steven S. Witkin, Fernando Guimarães
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Leukotriene B4 receptors BLT1 and BLT2 are involved in interleukin-8 production in human neutrophils induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products
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