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"Young Yil Bahk"

Original Articles

An Evaluation of a New Quantitative Point-of Care Diagnostic to Measure Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity
Young Yil Bahk, Seong Kyu Ahn, Heung Jin Jeon, Byoung-Kuk Na, Sung-Keun Lee, Ho-Joon Shin
Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(4):281-288.
Published online August 24, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.4.281
Malaria continues to be one of the most crucial infectious burdens in endemic areas worldwide, as well as for travelers visiting malaria transmission regions. It has been reported that 8-aminoquinolines are effective against the Plasmodium species, particularly primaquine, for anti-hypnozoite therapy in P. vivax malaria. However, primaquine causes acute hemolytic anemia in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Therefore, G6PD deficiency testing should precede hypnozoite elimination with 8-aminoquinoline. Several point-of-care devices have been developed to detect G6PD deficiency. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of a novel, quantitative G6PD diagnostics based on a metagenomic blue fluorescent protein (mBFP). We comparatively evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the G6PD diagnostic modality with standard methods using 120 human whole blood samples. The G6PD deficiency was spectrophotometrically confirmed. The performance of the G6PD quantitative test kit was compared with that of a licensed control medical device, the G6PD strip. The G6PD quantitative test kit had a sensitivity of 95% (95% confidence interval (CI): 89.3-100%) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI: 94.3-100%). This study shows that the novel diagnostic G6PD quantitative test kit could be a cost-effective and time-efficient, and universally mandated screening tool for G6PD deficiency.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Performance of quantitative point-of-care tests to measure G6PD activity: An individual participant data meta-analysis
    Arkasha Sadhewa, Ari Winasti Satyagraha, Mohammad Shafiul Alam, Wondimagegn Adissu, Anup Anvikar, Germana Bancone, Praveen K. Bharti, Vinod K. Bhutani, Santasabuj Das, Muzamil Mahdi Abdel Hamid, Mohammad Sharif Hossain, Nitika Nitika, Bernard A. Okech, Ly
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2025; 19(3): e0012864.     CrossRef
  • Utilization of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Test and the Prevalence of Enzyme Deficiency in Korea
    Rihwa Choi, Wonseo Park, Gayoung Chun, Sang Gon Lee, Eun Hee Lee
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(9): 3179.     CrossRef
  • 6,085 View
  • 166 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions Regarding Endemic Vivax Malaria in Inhabitants and Patients in Two Cities of Northern Gyeonggi-do, Korea, 2020
Young Yil Bahk, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Sookkyung Park, Jeongran Kwon, Hyesu Kan, Miyoung Kim, Byoung-Kuk Na, Sung Jong Hong, Hyung Wook Kwon, Tong-Soo Kim
Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(6):595-605.
Published online December 22, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.6.595
An understanding of the knowledges, attitudes and perceptions of different populations is key for public health policy makers. Here, a survey was performed on knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions about malaria diagnosis, prevention, control, and treatment. The 407 survey participants included both uninfected inhabitants and patients from 2 cities (Gimpo- and Paju-si) of Northern Gyeonggi-do, known as high-risk areas for vivax malaria. We used community-based study design and non-probability sampling method using the primary data. Association between variables were tested using χ2-tests. In general, the information on malaria reported by the participants in this study was unsystematic and included inaccurate details. The knowledge of malaria symptoms, identified as headache, chills and fever, was high, but the surveyed community lacks knowledge of the specific medications used for malaria treatment, with a large number of respondents having no knowledge of any form of medication. Survey questions with high correct answer rates included questions about easy treatment of malaria in Korea, the high daytime activity of malaria-borne mosquitoes, and the infection risk posed by outdoor activities. However, a large portion of the respondents was unable to provide simple medical and biological information about the disease. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practical behavior of the surveyed community with respect to malaria and the implications reported here could be applicable to other malaria endemic areas in Korea.
  • 4,793 View
  • 135 Download

Brief Communications

Awareness and Opinions of Inhabitants on Vivax Malaria in Two Endemic Areas, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
Young Yil Bahk, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Byoung-Kuk Na, Sung Jong Hong, Sung-Keun Lee, Tong-Soo Kim
Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(5):513-518.
Published online October 22, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.5.513
The incidence of vivax malaria in Korea was reduced to a low plateau. For successful elimination of vivax malaria, socio-behavioral changes in the communities are essential. This study aimed to figure out awareness of the inhabitants on the vivax malaria endemicity. The 407 participants including vivax malaria patients and uninfected inhabitants in Gimpo- and Paju-si, Gyeonggi-do, known as high-risk areas in Korea. We used a community-based study design and non-probability sampling method using primary data. Except for the perception about the public health facilities’ capability to cope with anti-malaria programs, the 2 groups of participants shared the same level of awareness about public promotional and educational measures and opinions for malaria elimination from the community. Thus, our future goals for malaria prevention and elimination are to develop more active and well-organized community-based education and evaluation programs collaborating with the community healthcare authorities and local governments.
  • 4,043 View
  • 96 Download
An Epidemiological Analysis of 28 Vivax Malaria Cases in Gimpo-si, Korea, 2020
Young Yil Bahk, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Kyoung-Nam Kim, Eun-Hee Shin, Byoung-Hak Jeon, Jeong-Hyun Kim, Sookkyung Park, Jeongran Kwon, Hyesu Kan, Miyoung Kim, Tong-Soo Kim
Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(5):507-512.
Published online October 22, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.5.507
Since 1993, vivax malaria has been recognized as a public health burden in Korea. Despite of pan-governmental malaria-control efforts and the dramatic reduction in the burden of this disease over the last 10 years, vivax malaria has not been well controlled and has remained continuously endemic. We focused interviewed and examined the charts of 28 confirmed vivax malaria patients given malarial therapy for whom daily records were kept from Gimpo-si, Gyeonggido of Korea. Various epidemiological characteristics of vivax malaria, including the incubation period, medication used, and recurrence, and an evaluation of the parasitic characteristics from the focused interviews of patients from this region are described here. Most of the participants indicated the 3 most common symptoms of malaria (headache, chills and fever). Of the 28 cases, 2 experienced a second attack and there were 17 and 11 cases with short- and long-term incubation periods, respectively, yielding a short-term to long-term ratio of 1.5. Based on the parasitemia stages, most of the participants were tested at 5 to 7 days (11 cases) and 7 to 15 days (11 cases) after initial wave of asexual parasites. In conclusion, public health authorities should consider developing management measures to decrease the time lag for diagnosis and drafting unified and robust guidelines for drug use for malaria and drawing up unified and robust guidelines on the use of medication for malaria. It also suggests that routine monitoring, surveillance, and precise medical surveys in high-risk vivax malaria endemic areas are pivotal to controlling this persistent public disease and finally eliminating it from Korea.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Fine-Scale Spatial Prediction on the Risk of Plasmodium vivax Infection in the Republic of Korea
    Kyung-Duk Min, Yae Jee Baek, Kyungwon Hwang, Na-Ri Shin, So-dam Lee, Hyesu Kan, Joon-Sup Yeom
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Utilization of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Test and the Prevalence of Enzyme Deficiency in Korea
    Rihwa Choi, Wonseo Park, Gayoung Chun, Sang Gon Lee, Eun Hee Lee
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(9): 3179.     CrossRef
  • Identification of breeding habitats and kdr mutations in Anopheles spp. in South Korea
    Hyelee Hong, Tae-Hui Eom, Thuy-Tien Thi Trinh, Bao Duong Tuan, Hyun Park, Seon-Ju Yeo
    Malaria Journal.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 5,491 View
  • 131 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Article

A Profile of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Variants and Deficiency of Multicultural Families in Korea
Young Yil Bahk, Seong Kyu Ahn, Jinyoung Lee, Jae Hyoung Im, Joon-Sup Yeom, Sookkyung Park, Jeongran Kwon, Hyesu Kan, Miyoung Kim, Woori Jang, Tong-Soo Kim
Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(5):447-455.
Published online October 22, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.5.447
Vivax malaria incidence in Korea is now decreased and showing a low plateau. Nowadays, vivax malaria in Korea is expected to be successfully eliminated with anti-malaria chemotherapy, primaquine, and vector control. The glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is associated with potential hemolytic anemia after primaquine administration. This inborn disorder has a pivotal polymorphism with genetic variants and is the most prevalent X-chromosome-linked disorder. The prevalence of G6PD deficiency was previously reported negligible in Korea. As the population of multicultural families pertaining marriage immigrants and their adolescents increases, it is necessary to check G6PD deficiency for them prior to primaquine treatment for vivax malaria. The prevalence of G6PD variants and G6PD deficiency in multicultural families was performed in 7 counties and 2 cities of Jeollanam-do (Province), Gyeonggi-do, and Gangwon-do. A total of 733 blood samples of multicultural family participants were subjected to test the phenotypic and genetic G6PD deficiency status using G6PD enzyme activity quantitation kit and PCR-based G6PD genotyping kit. The G6PD phenotypic deficiency was observed in 7.8% of male adolescent participants and 3.2% of materfamilias population. Based on the PCR-based genotyping, we observed total 35 participants carrying the mutated alleles. It is proposed that primaquine prescription should seriously be considered prior to malaria treatment.

Citations

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  • Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variants in Kachin, Myanmar
    Zin Moon, Ja Moon Aung, Dorene VanBik, Hae Soo Yun, Sanghyun Lee, Sylvatrie-Danne Dinzouna-Boutamba, Zau Ring, Yeonchul Hong, Dong-Il Chung, Youn-Kyoung Goo
    Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2025; 63(4): 360.     CrossRef
  • Georacial Epidemiological Estimates of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency among Newborns in the United States
    Ramesh Vidavalur, Vinod K. Bhutani
    American Journal of Perinatology.2024; 41(S 01): e1841.     CrossRef
  • Suboptimal Doses of Antimalarials Relative to Increasing Body Weight and the Risk of Plasmodium vivax Recurrence in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces, 2012–2021
    Young Hoon Hwang, Doran Yoon, Suryeong Go, Joon-Sup Yeom, Hong Sang Oh
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Utilization of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Test and the Prevalence of Enzyme Deficiency in Korea
    Rihwa Choi, Wonseo Park, Gayoung Chun, Sang Gon Lee, Eun Hee Lee
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(9): 3179.     CrossRef
  • An Evaluation of a New Quantitative Point-of Care Diagnostic to Measure Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity
    Young Yil Bahk, Seong Kyu Ahn, Heung Jin Jeon, Byoung-Kuk Na, Sung-Keun Lee, Ho-Joon Shin
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2022; 60(4): 281.     CrossRef
  • 5,366 View
  • 121 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Brief Communication

Monitoring Chigger Mites for Orientia tsutsugamushi in Field Small Mammals in Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, 2019-2020
Young Yil Bahk, Seong Kyu Ahn, Jinyoung Lee, Hyung Wook Kwon, Sung Jong Hong, Tong-Soo Kim
Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(3):319-324.
Published online June 21, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.3.319
Incidence of tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus) caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is steadily increasing. It is a mite-borne disease transmitted by chigger mites. In this study, the chigger mites were collected from field small mammals in Hwaseong-si (city), Gyeonggi-do (province), Korea, 2019 and 2020. The field small mammals captured were 56 Apodemus agrarius (94.9%) and 3 Crocidura lasiura (5.1%). A total of 7,531 chigger mites were collected from the captured small mammals. Using PCR test, 153 chigger mite pools were examined and 17 pools were reported positive for O. tsutsugamushi. The O. tsutsugamushi were identified to 5 strains; Jecheon strain was most prevalent, followed by Boryong strain. The other strains were OI011, Taguchi, and Shimokoshi. Collectively, these results provide essential regional information on mite-borne tsutsugamushi disease in the Hwaseong-si, and further contribute to bring awareness and rapid diagnosis for the tsutsugamushi disease.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Geographic distribution of Orientia tsutsugamushi strains on chigger mites in the Republic of Korea (2021–2023)
    Hyeon Seung Lee, Byung-Eon Noh, Hyunwoo Kim, Heeil Lee
    Parasites & Vectors.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Variation in Small Mammal Species Composition and the Occurrence of Parasitic Mites in Two Landscapes in a Scrub Typhus Endemic Region of Western Yunnan Province, China
    Yun‐Yan Luo, Jia‐Xiang Yin, Zong‐Ti Shao, Zeng‐Kan Liu, Shou‐Qin Yin, Jiang‐Li Lu, Jin‐Chun Li, Rong Wei, Alan Frederick Geater
    Ecology and Evolution.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A review on trombiculiasis: An underreported parasitosis that affects humans and animals, including world distribution, clinical findings, associated pathogens, prophylaxis and identification methods
    Isabella Pereira Pesenato, Ricardo Bassini-Silva, Fernando de Castro Jacinavicius
    Acta Tropica.2024; 260: 107420.     CrossRef
  • Habitat Type-Based Assemblage and Distribution Prediction of Small Mammals and Chigger Mites (Acari: Trombiculidae) in Chuncheon City, Republic of Korea
    Kiyoon Kim, Jusun Hwang, Kyungmin Kim, Kwangbae Yoon, Daehyun Oh, Yungchul Park
    Animals.2024; 14(23): 3433.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of chigger mites and Orientia tsutsugamushi strains in northern regions of Gangwon-do, Korea
    Soojin Kim, In Yong Lee, Sezim Monoldorova, Jiro Kim, Jang Hoon Seo, Tai-Soon Yong, Bo Young Jeon
    Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(3): 263.     CrossRef
  • 2022년 쯔쯔가무시증 매개 털진드기 감시 현황
    세훈 조, 태규 김, 현우 김, 정원 주, 희일 이
    Public Health Weekly Report.2023; 16(46): 1563.     CrossRef
  • 4,811 View
  • 96 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Articles

Hard Ticks as Vectors Tested Negative for Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Ganghwa-do, Korea during 2019-2020
Kyoung Jin, Yeon-Ja Koh, Seong Kyu Ahn, Joonghee Cho, Junghwan Lim, Jaeyong Song, Jinyoung Lee, Young Woo Gong, Mun Ju Kwon, Hyung Wook Kwon, Young Yil Bahk, Tong-Soo Kim
Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(3):281-289.
Published online June 21, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.3.281
This study aimed to characterize the seasonal abundance of hard ticks that transmit severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus from April to November 2019 and 2020 on Ganghwa-do, Incheon Metropolitan City, Korea. The ticks were collected at grassland, grave site, copse and mountain road using a collection trap method. The ixodid hard ticks comprising three species (Haemaphysalis longicornis, H. flava, and Ixodes nipponensis) collected were 6,622 in 2019 and 3,811 in 2020. H. longicornis was the most frequent (97.9% in 2019 and 96.0% in 2020), followed by H. flava (2.0% and 3.0% in 2019 and 2020, respectively) and I. nipponensis (less than 0.1%). Our study demonstrated that seasonal patterns of the tick populations examined for two years were totally unsimilar. The hard ticks tested using RT-qPCR were all negative for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Hard Ticks as Vectors: The Emerging Threat of Tick-Borne Diseases in India
    Nandhini Perumalsamy, Rohit Sharma, Muthukumaravel Subramanian, Shriram Ananganallur Nagarajan
    Pathogens.2024; 13(7): 556.     CrossRef
  • Development of monoclonal antibody based IgG and IgM ELISA for diagnosis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection
    Mei Zhang, Yanhua Du, Li Yang, Lin Zhan, Bin Yang, Xueyong Huang, Bianli Xu, Koichi Morita, Fuxun Yu
    The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases.2022; 26(4): 102386.     CrossRef
  • Seasonal activity of Haemaphysalis longicornis and Haemaphysalis flava (Acari: Ixodida), vectors of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus, and their SFTS virus harboring rates in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea
    Hong Geun Kim, Minhyung Jung, Doo-Hyung Lee
    Experimental and Applied Acarology.2022; 87(1): 97.     CrossRef
  • 5,904 View
  • 114 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Monitoring Culicine Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) as a Vector of Flavivirus in Incheon Metropolitan City and Hwaseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea, during 2019
Young Yil Bahk, Seo Hye Park, Myung-Deok Kim-Jeon, Sung-Suck Oh, Haneul Jung, Hojong Jun, Kyung-Ae Kim, Jong Myong Park, Seong Kyu Ahn, Jinyoung Lee, Eun-Jeong Choi, Bag-Sou Moon, Young Woo Gong, Mun Ju Kwon, Tong-Soo Kim
Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(5):551-558.
Published online October 22, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.5.551
The flaviviruses are small single-stranded RNA viruses that are typically transmitted by mosquitoes or tick vectors and are etiological agents of acute zoonotic infections. The viruses are found around the world and account for significant cases of human diseases. We investigated population of culicine mosquitoes in central region of Korean Peninsula, Incheon Metropolitan City and Hwaseong-si. Aedes vexans nipponii was the most frequently collected mosquitoes (56.5%), followed by Ochlerotatus dorsalis (23.6%), Anopheles spp. (10.9%), and Culex pipiens complex (5.9%). In rural regions of Hwaseong, Aedes vexans nipponii was the highest population (62.9%), followed by Ochlerotatus dorsalis (23.9%) and Anopheles spp. (12.0%). In another rural region of Incheon (habitat of migratory birds), Culex pipiens complex was the highest population (31.4%), followed by Ochlerotatus dorsalis (30.5%), and Aedes vexans vexans (27.5%). Culex pipiens complex was the predominant species in the urban region (84.7%). Culicine mosquitoes were identified at the species level, pooled up to 30 mosquitoes each, and tested for flaviviral RNA using the SYBR Green-based RT-PCR and confirmed by cDNA sequencing. Three of the assayed 2,683 pools (989 pools without Anopheles spp.) were positive for Culex flaviviruses, an insect-specific virus, from Culex pipiens pallens collected at the habitats for migratory birds in Incheon. The maximum likelihood estimation (the estimated number) for Culex pipiens pallens positive for Culex flavivirus was 25. Although viruses responsible for mosquito-borne diseases were not identified, we encourage intensified monitoring and long-term surveillance of both vector and viruses in the interest of global public health.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Abundance, Diversity and Distribution of Mosquito Species and Molecular Detection of Its Associated Hepatitis C Virus in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt
    Tharwat A. Selim, Sanad H. Ragab, Saber A. Riad, Randa I. Eltaly, Shaimaa H. Mohammed, Somia Eissa Sharawi, Naser Ahmed Alkenani, Ruoa Saleh Almahallawi, Hayat S. Al-Rashidi, Mohamed A. M. El-Tabakh
    Insects.2025; 16(4): 433.     CrossRef
  • Leveraging insect-specific viruses to elucidate mosquito population structure and dynamics
    Brandon D. Hollingsworth, Nathan D. Grubaugh, Brian P. Lazzaro, Courtney C. Murdock, Helen M. Lazear
    PLOS Pathogens.2023; 19(8): e1011588.     CrossRef
  • Molecular detection and identification of Culex flavivirus in mosquito species from Jeju, Republic of Korea
    Shilpa Chatterjee, Choon-Mee Kim, Na Ra Yun, Dong-Min Kim, Hyeon Je Song, Kyeoung A Chung
    Virology Journal.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • National Monitoring of Mosquito Populations and Molecular Analysis of Flavivirus in the Republic of Korea in 2020
    Min-Goo Seo, Hak Seon Lee, Sung-Chan Yang, Byung-Eon Noh, Tae-Kyu Kim, Wook-Gyo Lee, Hee Il Lee
    Microorganisms.2021; 9(10): 2085.     CrossRef
  • Recent Spatial and Temporal Trends of Malaria in Korea
    Yeong Hoon Kim, Hye-Jin Ahn, Dongjae Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Tong-Soo Kim, Ho-Woo Nam
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(6): 585.     CrossRef
  • 8,728 View
  • 99 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Monitoring Insecticide Resistance and Target Site Mutations of L1014 Kdr And G119 Ace Alleles in Five Mosquito Populations in Korea
Seo Hye Park, Hojong Jun, Seong Kyu Ahn, Jinyoung Lee, Sung-Lim Yu, Sung Keun Lee, Jung-Mi Kang, Hyunwoo Kim, Hee-Il Lee, Sung-Jong Hong, Byoung-Kuk Na, Young Yil Bahk, Tong-Soo Kim
Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(5):543-550.
Published online October 22, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.5.543
Mosquitoes are globally distributed and important vectors for the transmission of many human diseases. Mosquito control is a difficult task and the cost of preventing mosquito-borne diseases is much lower than that for curing the associated diseases. Thus, chemical control remains the most effective tool for mosquito. Due to the long-term intensive use of insecticides to control mosquito vectors, resistance to most chemical insecticides has been reported. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between insecticide resistance and target site mutation of L1014 kdr and G119 ace alleles in 5 species/species group of mosquitoes (Aedes vexans, Ae. albopictus, Anopheles spp., Culex pipiens complex, and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus) obtained from 6 collection sites. For Anopheles spp., the proportion of mosquitoes with mutated alleles in L1014 was 88.4%, homozygous resistant genotypes were observed in 46.7%, and heterozygous resistant genotypes were observed in 41.8%. For the Cx. pipiens complex and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus species, homozygous resistant genotypes were found in 25.9% and 9.8%, respectively. However, target site mutation of L1014 in the Ae. vexans nipponii and Ae. albopictus species was not observed. Anopheles spp., Cx. pipiens complex, and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes were resistant to deltamethrin and chlorpyriphos, whereas Ae. vexans nipponii and Ae. albopictus were clearly susceptible. We also found a correlation between the resistance phenotype and the presence of the L1014 kdr and G119 ace mutations only in the Anopheles spp. population. In this study, we suggest that insecticide resistance poses a growing threat and resistance management must be integrated into all mosquito control programs.

Citations

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  • Seasonal fluctuation of insecticide resistance mutation frequencies in field populations of Anopheles and Culex species in Korea
    Do Eun Lee, Heung-Chul Kim, Terry A Klein, Si Hyeock Lee, Ju Hyeon Kim, Alec Gerry
    Journal of Medical Entomology.2025; 62(1): 155.     CrossRef
  • Insecticide resistance mutations of Anopheles species in the Republic of Korea
    Jiseung Jeon, Heung Chul Kim, Terry A. Klein, Hojong Jun, Kwang Shik Choi, Jean-philippe David
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2025; 19(1): e0012748.     CrossRef
  • Omics Approaches in Understanding Insecticide Resistance in Mosquito Vectors
    Nikhil Bharadwaj, Rohit Sharma, Muthukumaravel Subramanian, Gnanasekar Ragini, Shriram Ananganallur Nagarajan, Manju Rahi
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(5): 1854.     CrossRef
  • Distribution and frequency of ace-1 and kdr mutations of Culex pipiens subgroup in the Republic of Korea
    Jiseung Jeon, Jihun Ryu, Kwang Shik Choi
    Acta Tropica.2024; 249: 107058.     CrossRef
  • Investigating insecticide resistance, kdr mutation, and morphology of the coastal mosquito Aedes (Ochlerotatus) zammitii (Theobald, 1903) (Diptera: Culicidae)
    Fatma Bursalı
    Turkish Journal of Entomology.2024; 48(2): 213.     CrossRef
  • Inference of selection pressures that drive insecticide resistance in Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes in Korea
    Do Eun Lee, Jeewoo Shin, Young Ho Kim, Kwang Shik Choi, Hyeyeong Choe, Kwang Pum Lee, Si Hyeock Lee, Ju Hyeon Kim
    Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology.2023; 194: 105520.     CrossRef
  • CDC Bottle Bioassays for Detection of Insecticide Resistance in Culex pipiens, Aedes albopictus, and Aedes koreicus Collected on US Army Garrisons, Republic of Korea
    Craig A. Stoops, Myong Sun Kim, Sanjeev Mahabir, Sung Tae Chong, Stephanie S. Cinkovich, Jennifer B. Carder
    Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association.2023; 39(3): 208.     CrossRef
  • Reduction of mosquito communities using the mass trapping method
    Su Mi Na, Dong Gun Kim
    Entomological Research.2023; 53(12): 600.     CrossRef
  • 7,143 View
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  • 8 Web of Science
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Surveillance of Chigger Mite Vectors for Tsutsugamushi Disease in the Hwaseong Area, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea, 2015
Young Yil Bahk, Hojong Jun, Seo Hye Park, Haneul Jung, Seung Jegal, Myung-Deok Kim-Jeon, Jong Yul Roh, Wook-Gyo Lee, Seong Kyu Ahn, Jinyoung Lee, Kwangsig Joo, Young Woo Gong, Mun Ju Kwon, Tong-Soo Kim
Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(3):301-308.
Published online June 26, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.3.301
Owing to global climate change, the global resurgence of vector-borne infectious diseases and their potential to inflict widespread casualties among human populations has emerged as a pivotal burden on public health systems. Tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus) in the Republic of Korea is steadily increasing and was designated as a legal communicable disease in 1994. The disease is a mite-borne acute febrile disease most commonly contracted from October to December. In this study, we tried to determine the prevalence of tsutsugamushi disease transmitted by chigger mites living on rodents and investigated their target vector diversity, abundance, and distribution to enable the mapping of hotspots for this disease in 2015. A total of 5 species belonging to 4 genera (109 mites): Leptotrombidium scutellare 60.6%, L. pallidum 28.4% Neotrombicula tamiyai 9.2%, Euschoengastia koreaensis/0.9%), and Neoschoengastia asakawa 0.9% were collected using chigger mite collecting traps mimicking human skin odor and sticky chigger traps from April to November 2015. Chigger mites causing tsutsugamushi disease in wild rodents were also collected in Hwaseong for the zoonotic surveillance of the vector. A total of 77 rodents belonging to 3 genera: Apodemus agrarius (93.5%), Crocidura lasiura (5.2%), and Micromys minutus (1.3%) were collected in April, October, and November 2015. The most common mite was L. pallidum (46.9%), followed by L. scutellare (18.6%), and L. orientale (18.0%). However, any of the chigger mite pools collected from rodent hosts was tested positive for Orientia tsutsugamushi, the pathogen of tsutsugamushi disease, in this survey.

Citations

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  • Associations of meteorological factors and dynamics of scrub typhus incidence in South Korea: A nationwide time-series study
    Taehee Chang, Kyung-Duk Min, Sung-il Cho, Yoonhee Kim
    Environmental Research.2024; 245: 117994.     CrossRef
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Diagnostic Performance of Three Rapid Diagnostic Test Kits for Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum
Seo Hye Park, Seung Jegal, Seong Kyu Ahn, Haneul Jung, Jinyoung Lee, Byoung-Kuk Na, Sung-Jong Hong, Young Yil Bahk, Tong-Soo Kim
Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(2):147-152.
Published online April 30, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.2.147
Malaria is a potent burden on public healthcare worldwide due to requiring rapid diagnosis and treatment. Nowadays, prompt diagnosis with rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) has been widely accepted as an effective diagnostic technique in malaria-endemic countries, primarily due to their easy operation, fast output, and straightforward interpretation. The global availability and use of RDTs have gradually grown over recent decades as field-applicable diagnostic tests for the reliable confirmation of malaria infection and proper case management. This study was conducted to evaluate diagnostic performance of 3 commercially available malaria RDT kits : BIOCREDITTM Malaria Ag Pf(pLDH), Malaria Ag Pf(pLDH/pHRPII), and Malaria Ag Pf/Pv(pLDH/pLDH) (where pLDH and pHRPII stand for plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase and histidine-rich protein 2, respectively) for the specific detection of Plasmodium falciparum. A total of 1,129 blood samples including 95 blood samples, confirmed as vivax malaria infection by microscopic examinations and a nested-PCR method, were tested for falciparum malaria infection. The overall sensitivity and specificity of Malaria Ag Pf(pLDH/pHRPII), Malaria Ag Pf/Pv(pLDH/pLDH), and Pf(pLDH) for P. falciparum were 99.0% and 100%, 95.8% and 100%, and 100% and 100%, respectively. It is proposed that the 3 RDT kits perform reliable level of diagnostic accuracy of detection for P. falciparum parasites.

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  • Recent Spatial and Temporal Trends of Malaria in Korea
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    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(6): 585.     CrossRef
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Four Year Surveillance of the Vector Hard Ticks for SFTS, Ganghwa-do, Republic of Korea
Myung-Deok Kim-Jeon, Seung Jegal, Hojong Jun, Haneul Jung, Seo Hye Park, Seong Kyu Ahn, Jinyoung Lee, Young Woo Gong, Kwangsig Joo, Mun Ju Kwon, Jong Yul Roh, Wook-Gyo Lee, Young Yil Bahk, Tong-Soo Kim
Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(6):691-698.
Published online December 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.6.691
The seasonal abundance of hard ticks that transmit severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus was monitored with a collection trap method every April to November during 2015-2018 and with a flagging method every July and August during 2015-2018 in Ganghwa-do (island) of Incheon Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea. This monitoring was performed in a copse, a short grass field, coniferous forest and broad-leaved forest. A total of 17,457 ticks (8,277 larvae, 4,137 nymphs, 3,389 females, and 1,654 males) of the ixodid ticks comprising 3 species (Haemaphysalis longicornis, H. flava, and Ixodes nipponensis) were collected with collection traps. Of the identified ticks, H. longicornis was the most frequently collected ticks (except larval ticks) (94.26%, 8,653/9,180 ticks (nymphs and adults)), followed by H. flava (5.71%, 524/9,180) and Ix. nipponensis (less than 0.04%, 3/9,180). The ticks collected with collecting traps were pooled and assayed for the presence of SFTS virus with negative results. In addition, for monitoring the prevalence of hard ticks, a total of 7,461 ticks (5,529 larvae, 1,272 nymphs, 469 females, and 191 males) of the ixodid ticks comprising 3 species (H. longicornis, H. flava, and Ix. nipponensis) were collected with flagging method. H. longicornis was the highest collected ticks (except larval ticks) (99.53%, 1,908/1,917 ticks (nymphs and adults)), followed by H. flava (1.15%, 22/1,917).

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  • The Diel Activity Pattern of Haemaphysalis longicornis and Its Relationship with Climatic Factors
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    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2022; 60(1): 65.     CrossRef
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  • Modelling the transmission dynamics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Jiangsu Province, China
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    Acta Tropica.2021; 221: 106012.     CrossRef
  • Hard Ticks as Vectors Tested Negative for Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Ganghwa-do, Korea during 2019-2020
    Kyoung Jin, Yeon-Ja Koh, Seong Kyu Ahn, Joonghee Cho, Junghwan Lim, Jaeyong Song, Jinyoung Lee, Young Woo Gong, Mun Ju Kwon, Hyung Wook Kwon, Young Yil Bahk, Tong-Soo Kim
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(3): 281.     CrossRef
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    Parasites & Vectors.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Nationwide Temporal and Geographical Distribution of Tick Populations and Phylogenetic Analysis of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Ticks in Korea, 2020
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    Microorganisms.2021; 9(8): 1630.     CrossRef
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Brief Communication

An Evaluation of Active Case Detection in Malaria Control Program in Kiyuni Parish of Kyankwanzi District, Uganda
Young Yil Bahk, Pyo Yun Cho, Seong Kyu Ahn, Woo-Joo Lee, Tong-Soo Kim, Working Groups in ChildFund Korea , Uganda
Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(6):625-632.
Published online December 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.6.625
Malaria remains one of the leading health burdens in the developing world, especially in several sub-Saharan Africa countries; and Uganda has some of the highest recorded measures of malaria transmission intensity in the world. It is evident that the prevalence of malaria infection, the incidence of disease, and mortality from severe malaria remain very high in Uganda. Although the recent stable political and economic situation in the last few decades in Uganda supported for a fairly good appreciation of malaria control, the declines in infection, morbidity, and mortality are not sufficient to interrupt transmission and this country is among the top 4 countries with cases of malaria, especially among children under 5 years of age. In fact, Uganda, which is endemic in over 95% of the country, is a representative of challenges facing malaria control in Africa. In this study, we evaluated an active case detection program in 6 randomly selected villages, Uganda. This program covered a potential target population of 5,017 individuals. Our team screened 12,257 samples of malaria by active case detection, every 4 months, from February 2015 to January 2017 in the 6 villages (a total of 6 times). This study assessed the perceptions and practices on malaria control in Kiyuni Parish of Kyankwanzi district, Uganda. Our study presents that the incidence of malaria is sustained high despite efforts to scale-up and improve the use of LLINs and access to ACDs, based on the average incidence confirmed by RDTs.

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    Jade D. Rae, Angela Devine, Chanapat Patekkham, Aung Myint Thu, Gilles Delmas, Daniel M. Parker, Richard J. Maude, Jacher Wiladphaingern, Ladda Kajeechiwa, May Myo Thwin, Saw Win Tun, Julie A. Simpson, François H. Nosten
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    Global Advances in Health and Medicine.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy.2020; 18: 100339.     CrossRef
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Mini Reviews

Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium vivax Causing Epidemic Malaria in the Republic of Korea
Young Yil Bahk, Jeonga Kim, Seong Kyu Ahn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Jong-Yil Chai, Tong-Soo Kim
Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(6):545-552.
Published online December 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.6.545
Plasmodium vivax is more challenging to control and eliminate than P. falciparum due to its more asymptomatic infections with low parasite densities making diagnosis more difficult, in addition to its unique biological characteristics. The potential re-introduction of incidence cases, either through borders or via human migrations, is another major hurdle to sustained control and elimination. The Republic of Korea has experienced re-emergence of vivax malaria in 1993 but is one of the 32 malaria-eliminating countries to-date. Despite achieving successful nationwide control and elimination of vivax malaria, the evolutionary characteristics of vivax malaria isolates in the Republic of Korea have not been fully understood. In this review, we present an overview of the genetic variability of such isolates to increase understanding of the epidemiology, diversity, and dynamics of vivax populations in the Republic of Korea.

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    Abdifatah Abdullahi Jalei, Wanna Chaijaroenkul, Kesara Na-Bangchang
    Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2023; 8(4): 210.     CrossRef
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    Malaria Journal.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Epidemiological Characteristics of Re-emerging Vivax Malaria in the Republic of Korea (1993-2017)
Young Yil Bahk, Hyeong-Woo Lee, Byoung-Kuk Na, Jeonga Kim, Kyoung Jin, Yeong Seon Hong, Tong-Soo Kim
Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(6):531-543.
Published online December 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.6.531
Historically, Plasmodium vivax malaria has been one of the most highly endemic parasitic diseases in the Korean Peninsula. Until the 1970s, vivax malaria was rarely directly lethal and was controlled through the Korean Government Program administered by the National Malaria Eradication Service in association with the World Health Organization’s Global Malaria Eradication Program. Vivax malaria has re-emerged in 1993 near the Demilitarized Zone between South and North Korea and has since become an endemic infectious disease that now poses a serious public health threat through local transmission in the Republic of Korea. This review presents major lessons learned from past and current malaria research, including epidemiological and biological characteristics of the re-emergent disease, and considers some interesting patterns of diversity. Among other features, this review highlights temporal changes in the genetic make-up of the parasitic population, patient demographic features, and spatial distribution of cases, which all provide insight into the factors contributing to local transmission. The data indicate that vivax malaria in Korea is not expanding expo- nentially. However, continued surveillance is needed to prevent future resurgence.

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    Malaria Journal.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Elevated plasma α1-antichymotrypsin is a biomarker candidate for malaria patients
    Young Yil Bahk, Sang Bong Lee, Jong Bo Kim, Tong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Dong Min Kim, Sungkeun Lee
    BMB Reports.2022; 55(11): 571.     CrossRef
  • Current Status and a Perspective of Mosquito-Borne Diseases in the Republic of Korea
    Jae Hyoung Im, Tong-Soo Kim, Moon-Hyun Chung, Ji Hyeon Baek, Hea Yoon Kwon, Jin-Soo Lee
    Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2021; 21(2): 69.     CrossRef
  • Population Pharmacokinetics of Primaquine in the Korean Population
    Woo-Yul Lee, Dong-Woo Chae, Choon-Ok Kim, Sang-Eun Lee, Yee-Gyung Kwak, Joon-Sup Yeom, Kyung-Soo Park
    Pharmaceutics.2021; 13(5): 652.     CrossRef
  • An update on prevention of malaria in travelers
    Nelson Iván Agudelo Higuita, Bryan Pinckney White, Carlos Franco-Paredes, Miranda Ann McGhee
    Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Systematic Review: Microfluidics and Plasmodium
    Nicolas Thorne, Luis Flores-Olazo, Rocío Egoávil-Espejo, Emir A. Vela, Julien Noel, Julio Valdivia-Silva, Danny van Noort
    Micromachines.2021; 12(10): 1245.     CrossRef
  • Awareness and Opinions of Inhabitants on Vivax Malaria in Two Endemic Areas, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
    Young Yil Bahk, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Byoung-Kuk Na, Sung Jong Hong, Sung-Keun Lee, Tong-Soo Kim
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(5): 513.     CrossRef
  • An Epidemiological Analysis of 28 Vivax Malaria Cases in Gimpo-si, Korea, 2020
    Young Yil Bahk, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Kyoung-Nam Kim, Eun-Hee Shin, Byoung-Hak Jeon, Jeong-Hyun Kim, Sookkyung Park, Jeongran Kwon, Hyesu Kan, Miyoung Kim, Tong-Soo Kim
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(5): 507.     CrossRef
  • A Profile of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Variants and Deficiency of Multicultural Families in Korea
    Young Yil Bahk, Seong Kyu Ahn, Jinyoung Lee, Jae Hyoung Im, Joon-Sup Yeom, Sookkyung Park, Jeongran Kwon, Hyesu Kan, Miyoung Kim, Woori Jang, Tong-Soo Kim
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(5): 447.     CrossRef
  • Recent Spatial and Temporal Trends of Malaria in Korea
    Yeong Hoon Kim, Hye-Jin Ahn, Dongjae Kim, Sung-Jong Hong, Tong-Soo Kim, Ho-Woo Nam
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(6): 585.     CrossRef
  • Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions Regarding Endemic Vivax Malaria in Inhabitants and Patients in Two Cities of Northern Gyeonggi-do, Korea, 2020
    Young Yil Bahk, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Sookkyung Park, Jeongran Kwon, Hyesu Kan, Miyoung Kim, Byoung-Kuk Na, Sung Jong Hong, Hyung Wook Kwon, Tong-Soo Kim
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(6): 595.     CrossRef
  • Three-year surveillance of culicine mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) for flavivirus infections in Incheon Metropolitan City and Hwaseong-si of Gyeonggi-do Province, Republic of Korea
    Seung Jegal, Hojong Jun, Myung-Deok Kim-Jeon, Seo Hye Park, Seong Kyu Ahn, Jinyoung Lee, Young Woo Gong, Kwangsig Joo, Mun Ju Kwon, Jong Yul Roh, Wook-Gyo Lee, Woojoo Lee, Young Yil Bahk, Tong-Soo Kim
    Acta Tropica.2020; 202: 105258.     CrossRef
  • Geographical Genetic Variation and Sources of Korean Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations
    EunJung Lee, Seong-Chan Yang, Tae-Kyu Kim, Byung-Eon Noh, Hak Seon Lee, Hyunwoo Kim, Jong Yul Roh, Wook-Gyo Lee, Michel Slotman
    Journal of Medical Entomology.2020; 57(4): 1057.     CrossRef
  • Flaviviral disease mosquito vector surveillance in Incheon Metropolitan City and the Hwaseong area, Gyeonggi‐Do, Republic of Korea, in 2015
    Young Yil Bahk, Hojong Jun, Seung Jegal, Myung‐Deok Kim‐Jeon, Jong Yul Roh, Wook‐Gyo Lee, Seo Hye Park, Seong Kyu Ahn, Jinyoung Lee, Young Woo Gong, Mun Ju Kwon, Tong‐Soo Kim
    Entomological Research.2020; 50(1): 3.     CrossRef
  • Monitoring Insecticide Resistance and Target Site Mutations of L1014 Kdr And G119 Ace Alleles in Five Mosquito Populations in Korea
    Seo Hye Park, Hojong Jun, Seong Kyu Ahn, Jinyoung Lee, Sung-Lim Yu, Sung Keun Lee, Jung-Mi Kang, Hyunwoo Kim, Hee-Il Lee, Sung-Jong Hong, Byoung-Kuk Na, Young Yil Bahk, Tong-Soo Kim
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(5): 543.     CrossRef
  • Prevention of re-establishment of malaria: historical perspective and future prospects
    S. M. Ibraheem Nasir, Sachini Amarasekara, Renu Wickremasinghe, Deepika Fernando, Preethi Udagama
    Malaria Journal.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association of Anopheles sinensis average abundance and climate factors: Use of mosquito surveillance data in Goyang, Korea
    Jin Young Jang, Byung Chul Chun, Jeffrey Shaman
    PLOS ONE.2020; 15(12): e0244479.     CrossRef
  • Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium vivax Causing Epidemic Malaria in the Republic of Korea
    Young Yil Bahk, Jeonga Kim, Seong Kyu Ahn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Jong-Yil Chai, Tong-Soo Kim
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(6): 545.     CrossRef
  • 12,989 View
  • 236 Download
  • 29 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Article

Comparative Assessment of Diagnostic Performances of Two Commercial Rapid Diagnostic Test Kits for Detection of Plasmodium spp. in Ugandan Patients with Malaria
Young Yil Bahk, Seo Hye Park, Woojoo Lee, Kyoung Jin, Seong Kyu Ahn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Tong-Soo Kim
Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(5):447-452.
Published online October 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.5.447
Prompt diagnosis of malaria cases with rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) has been widely adopted as an effective malaria diagnostic tool in many malaria endemic countries, primarily due to their easy operation, fast result output, and straightforward interpretation. However, there has been controversy about the diagnostic accuracy of RDTs. This study was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performances of the 2 commercially available malaria RDT kits, RapiGEN Malaria Ag Pf/Pv (pLDH/pLDH) and Asan EasyTestTM Malaria Ag Pf/Pv (HRP-2/pLDH) for their abilities to detect Plasmodium species in blood samples collected from Ugandan patients with malaria. To evaluate the diagnostic performances of these 2 RDT kits, 229 blood samples were tested for malaria infection by microscopic examination and a species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction. The detection sensitivities for P. falciparum of Malaria Ag Pf/Pv (pLDH/pLDH) and Asan EasyTestTM Malaria Ag Pf/Pv (HRP-2/pLDH) were 87.83% and 89.57%, respectively. The specificities of the 2 RDTs were 100% for P. falciparum and mixed P. falciparum/P. vivax infections. These results suggest that the 2 RDT kits showed reasonable levels of diagnostic performances for detection of the malaria parasites from Ugandan patients. However, neither kit could effectively detect P. falciparum infections with low parasitaemia (<500 parasites/μl).

Citations

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  • Performance of BIOCREDIT Pf/Pv lactate dehydrogenase-based malaria rapid diagnostic test among pregnant women with suspected malaria infection in Bahir Dar City Administration, northwest Ethiopia
    Banchamlak Tegegne, Endalkachew Nibret, Abaineh Munshea, Mekonnen Teferi, Mulat Yimer, Getaneh Alemu, Delenasaw Yewhalaw, Dylan R. Pillai, Samuel Kofi Tchum
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  • Performance of a Novel P. falciparum Rapid Diagnostic Test in Areas of Widespread hrp2/3 Gene Deletion
    Aynalem Mandefro, Xavier C Ding, Jocelyn Farge, Gezahegn Solomon Alemayehu, Geletta Tadele, Bacha Mekonen, Yirgalem Gebrehiwot, Nega Berhe, Berhanu Erko, Hannah C Slater, Greg T Bizilj, Rebecca Barney, Allison Golden, Gonzalo J Domingo, Lemu Golassa
    Clinical Infectious Diseases.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Performance and usability evaluation of three LDH-based malaria rapid diagnostic tests in Kédougou, Senegal
    Babacar Souleymane Sambe, Stephanie Zobrist, William Sheahan, Divya Soni, Aissatou Diagne, Ibrahima Sarr, Arona Sabene Diatta, Serigne Ousmane Mbacke Diaw, Allison Golden, Hannah Slater, Ihn Kyung Jang, Nerie Roa, Sampa Pal, Fatoumata Diene Sarr, Joseph F
    Parasites & Vectors.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Assessment of the Performance of Lactate Dehydrogenase-Based Rapid Diagnostic Test for Malaria in Djibouti in 2022–2023
    Rahma Abdi Moussa, Nasserdine Papa Mze, Houssein Yonis Arreh, Aicha Abdillahi Hamoud, Kahiya Mohamed Alaleh, Fatouma Mohamed Aden, Abdoul-Razak Yonis Omar, Warsama Osman Abdi, Samatar Kayad Guelleh, Abdoul-Ilah Ahmed Abdi, Leonardo K. Basco, Bouh Abdi Kha
    Diagnostics.2024; 14(3): 262.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of three rapid diagnostic tests for Plasmodium falciparum diagnosis in Ghana
    Tolulope Adeyemi Kayode, Agyapong Kofi Addo, Thomas Kwame Addison, Austine Tweneboah, Stephen Opoku Afriyie, Dawood Ackom Abbas, Ayesha Seth, Abraham K. Badu-Tawiah, Kingsley Badu, Cristian Koepfli
    Malaria Journal.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests: Literary Review and Recommendation for a Quality Assurance, Quality Control Algorithm
    Michael J. Kavanaugh, Steven E. Azzam, David M. Rockabrand
    Diagnostics.2021; 11(5): 768.     CrossRef
  • Rapid diagnostic tests forPlasmodium vivaxmalaria in endemic countries
    Ridhi Agarwal, Leslie Choi, Samuel Johnson, Yemisi Takwoingi
    Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Status of common parasitic diseases in Korea in 2019
    Sun Huh
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2019; 62(8): 437.     CrossRef
  • 8,307 View
  • 152 Download
  • 9 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Mini Review

Prevention and Control Strategies for Parasitic Infections in the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Young Yil Bahk, Eun-Hee Shin, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju, Jong-Yil Chai, Tong-Soo Kim
Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(5):401-408.
Published online October 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.5.401
Korea is successfully controlled intestinal parasitic infections owing to economic development and high health consciousness. The Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases (formerly the Division of Malaria and Parasitology) is in the Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It has been the governmental agency responsible for controlling and leading scientific research on parasitic diseases. The Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases has conducted and funded basic research and disseminated the research results to various medical fields, ultimately promoting public health in Korea. Among the noteworthy achievements of this division are the national surveillance of healthcare-associated parasitic infections, prevention and control for parasitic infections, and the elimination of lymphatic filariasis from Korea. On a broader scale, the division’s research programs and academic supports were influential in preventing and treating infectious parasitic diseases through public policies and laws. In this review, we summarize the past and present role of the Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases in preventing and treating infectious parasitic diseases in Korea.

Citations

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  • Carcinogenic parasites: insights into the epidemiology and possible mechanisms of cancer
    Shabir Ahmad Rather, Zahoor Ahmad Wani, Rashaid Ali Mustafa, Pooja Bharti, Rukhsana Kousar, Mohammad Vikas Ashraf, Shoeb Ahmad, A A Shah, M A Hannan Khan
    Mutagenesis.2025; 40(3): 465.     CrossRef
  • Intestinal parasites of Myocastor coypus (Rodentia, Myocastoridae) on animal farms in Eastern Ukraine
    N. V. Sumakova, A. P. Paliy, O. V. Pavlichenko, R. V. Petrov, B. S. Morozov, V. M. Plys, A. B. Mushynskyi
    Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems.2025; 16(3): e25117.     CrossRef
  • Parasitic infections control practices and antiparasitic drug usage by veterinarians in the Azores archipelago, Portugal
    Romana Teixeira, Isilda Flor, Carlos Pinto, Maria Constança Pomba, Luís Madeira de Carvalho
    Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports.2025; 66: 101390.     CrossRef
  • Age, period, and cohort effects of Clonorchis sinensis infection prevalence in the Republic of Korea: Insights and projections
    Sung-mok Jung, Heewon Kang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Sejin Ju, Jung-Won Ju, Myoung-Ro Lee, Jong-hun Kim, Sung Hye Kim, Ran Wang
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2024; 18(10): e0012574.     CrossRef
  • A Survey of Knowledge, Approaches, and Practices Surrounding Parasitic Infections and Antiparasitic Drug Usage by Veterinarians in Türkiye
    Mahmut Sinan Erez, İlkay Doğan, Esma Kozan, Ahmet Göksu
    Animals.2023; 13(17): 2693.     CrossRef
  • Hygiene practices and factors influencing intestinal parasites among food handlers in the province of Belgarn, Saudi Arabia
    Abdulrahman S. Alqarni, Majed H. Wakid, Hattan S. Gattan
    PeerJ.2023; 11: e14700.     CrossRef
  • Scoping Review: Health Literacy Gaps about Parasites Control Practices among Aborigines in Malaysia
    Muhammad Lokman BIN MD. ISA, Normalına ALIAS, Mohamad Helmy JAAFAR
    Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi.2022; 7(1): 156.     CrossRef
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    Kanar Sweiss, Abdallah Y. Naser, Mohammed Samannodi, Hassan Alwafi
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Artificial intelligence–based method for the rapid detection of fish parasites (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Gyrodactylus kobayashii, and Argulus japonicus)
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    Natalia C.S. Costa, Norival A. Santos-Filho, Julia P. Piccoli, Ana M. Fusco-Almeida, Claudia T. Santos, Juliana O. de Souza, Camila L. Zanini, Anna Caroline C. Aguiar, Glaucius Oliva, Rafael V.C. Guido, Eduardo M. Cilli
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    Noha Salah Abdelsamie Hassan, Ghada Nasr Radwan
    Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences.2021; 9(E): 1422.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of albendazole-based anti-parasitic drugs under modern conditions
    A. P. Paliy, N. V. Sumakova, O. M. Bohach, K. O. Rodionova, O. V. Pavlichenko, T. M. Ihnatieva, A. P. Palii
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    The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2020; 102(2): 313.     CrossRef
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  • 11 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Article

Survey on Intestinal Helminthic Infection Status of Students in Two Counties, Hadong-gun and Goseong-gun, Korea
Young Yil Bahk, Yun-Kyu Park, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sung-Jong Hong, Jong-Yil Chai, Tong-Soo Kim
Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(4):335-339.
Published online August 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.4.335
This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasites among students from Goseonggun, Gangwon-do and Hadong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do as typical low and high endemic counties. From May to July 2017, a total of 2,033 fecal samples were collected at 27 elementary, 10 junior high, and 8 high schools from 2 counties and examined by the Kato-Katz technique for egg-positive surveys (Collection rate: 37.02% [2,033/5,492]). Of the participants examined, 13 (0.64%) were found to harbor eggs of 3 parasitic species, Trichuris trichiura, Clonorchis sinensis and Metagonimus yokogawai. Based on the regional distribution, the egg-positive rate in Goseong-gun was 0% (0/550) and that in Hadong-gun was 0.88% (13/1,483). The positive rates for C. sinensis, M. yokogawai, and T. trichiura in Hadonggun were 0.20% (3/1,483), 0.61% (9/1,483), and 0.07% (1/1,483), respectively. The present survey showed that the prevalence of parasitic infection among students is currently very low even in remote, previously endemic areas, and the present status of parasitic diseases can be summarized as some transmission of fish/food-borne trematodes. Thus, it is necessary to carefully, continuously monitor the trematode infection status, particularly of C. sinensis and M. yokogawai.

Citations

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  • The spatial-temporal risk profiling of Clonorchis sinensis infection over 50 years implies the effectiveness of control programs in South Korea: a geostatistical modeling study
    Hai-Yan Xiao, Jong-Yil Chai, Yue-Yi Fang, Ying-Si Lai
    The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific.2023; 33: 100697.     CrossRef
  • Global prevalence of 4 neglected foodborne trematodes targeted for control by WHO: A scoping review to highlight the gaps
    Rachel Tidman, Kaushi S. T. Kanankege, Mathieu Bangert, Bernadette Abela-Ridder, Paul R. Torgerson
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2023; 17(3): e0011073.     CrossRef
  • Risk Factors for Clonorchis sinensis Infection in Residents of Binyang, Guangxi: A Cross-Sectional and Logistic Analysis Study
    Meng Xu, Yanyan Jiang, Jianhai Yin, Shengkui Cao, Yujuan Shen, Jianping Cao
    Frontiers in Public Health.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Currently Available Monitoring and Surveillance Systems for Taenia spp., Echinococcus spp., Schistosoma spp., and Soil-Transmitted Helminths at the Control/Elimination Stage: A Systematic Review
    Ganna Saelens, Sarah Gabriël
    Pathogens.2020; 9(1): 47.     CrossRef
  • Status of common parasitic diseases in Korea in 2019
    Sun Huh
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2019; 62(8): 437.     CrossRef
  • Blood Pressure and the Risk of Death From Non-cardiovascular Diseases: A Population-based Cohort Study of Korean Adults
    Jeoungbin Choi, Jieun Jang, Yoonsuk An, Sue K. Park
    Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2018; 51(6): 298.     CrossRef
  • 7,299 View
  • 132 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Brief Communications

Monitoring of Noxious Protozoa for Management of Natural Water Resources
Young Yil Bahk, Pyo Yun Cho, Sung Kyu Ahn, Sangjung Park, Won Hwa Jheong, Yun-Kyu Park, Ho-Joon Shin, Sang-Seob Lee, Okjae Rhee, Tong-Soo Kim
Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(2):205-210.
Published online April 30, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.2.205
Waterborne parasitic protozoa, particularly Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium spp., are common causes of diarrhea and gastroenteritis worldwide. The most frequently identified source of infestation is water, and exposure involves either drinking water or recreation in swimming pools or natural bodies of water. In practice, studies on Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in surface water are challenging owing to the low concentrations of these microorganisms because of dilution. In this study, a 3-year monitoring of Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, and Naegleria fowleri was conducted from August 2014 to June 2016 at 5 surface water sites including 2 lakes, 1 river, and 2 water intake plants. A total of 50 water samples of 40 L were examined. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 22% of samples and Giardia cysts in 32%. Water at the 5 sampling sites was all contaminated with Cryptosporidium oocysts (0-36/L), Giardia cysts (0-39/L), or both. The geometric mean concentrations of Cryptosporidium and Giardia were 1.14 oocysts/L and 4.62 cysts/L, respectively. Thus, effective monitoring plans must take into account the spatial and temporal parameters of contamination because they affect the prevalence and distribution of these protozoan cysts in local water resources.

Citations

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  • Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis: An update of Asian perspectives in humans, water and food, 2015–2025
    Shahira Abdelaziz Ali Ahmed, Sonia Boughattas, Mohammad Reza Mahmoudi, Huma Khan, Simuzar Mamedova, Ardra Namboodiri, Frederick R. Masangkay, Panagiotis Karanis
    Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases.2025; 8: 100311.     CrossRef
  • Recent progress of functionalized nanomaterials-based biosensing for monitoring of food- and water-borne pathogens
    Piyush Dey, Mohd Jamshaiya Raza, Alisha Khera, Akanksha Sharma, Akhil Khajuria, Ankur Pandey, Chandra Mouli Pandey, Rakesh Kumar Sharma, Gurpal Singh, Ravi Pratap Barnwal
    Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management.2024; 21: 100914.     CrossRef
  • Performance of sewage treatment technologies for the removal of Cryptosporidium sp. and Giardia sp.: Toward water circularity
    Pilar Suarez, José Luis Alonso, Gloria Gómez, Gladys Vidal
    Journal of Environmental Management.2022; 324: 116320.     CrossRef
  • Incorporating Microbial Species Interaction in Management of Freshwater Toxic Cyanobacteria: A Systems Science Challenge
    Aabir Banerji, Kasey Benesh
    Ecologies.2022; 3(4): 570.     CrossRef
  • 9,989 View
  • 153 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Clonorchiasis, caused by direct contact with Clonorchis sinensis worms and their excretory-secretory products (ESPs), is associated with chronic inflammation, malignant changes in bile ducts, and even cholangiocarcinogenesis. Our previous report revealed that intracellular free radicals enzymatically generated by C. sinensis ESPs cause NF-κB-mediated inflammation in human cholangiocarcinoma cells (HuCCT1). Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine the role of upstream Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on the initial host innate immune responses to infection. We found that treatment of HuCCT1 cells with native ESPs induced changes in TLR mRNA levels in a time-dependent manner, concomitant with the generation of free radicals. ESP-mediated free radical generation was markedly attenuated by preincubation of the cells with TLR1-4-neutralizing antibodies, indicating that at least TLR1 through 4 participate in stimulation of the host innate immune responses. These findings indicate that free radicals triggered by ESPs are critically involved in TLR signal transduction. Continuous signaling by this pathway may function in initiating C. sinensis infection-associated inflammation cascades, a detrimental event leading to progression to more severe hepatobiliary diseases.

Citations

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  • Clonorchis sinensis and Cholangiocarcinoma
    Eun-Min Kim, Sung-Tae Hong
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Extracellular vesicles of Clonorchis sinensis promote IL-6 and TNF-α secretion via the Toll-like receptor 9-mediated ERK pathway in biliary epithelial cells
    Yuru Wang, Xiaocen Wang, Nan Zhang, Yanhui Yu, Penglin Bao, Yeting Ma, Haoyang Zhang, Xu Zhang, Xichen Zhang, Pengtao Gong, Xin Li, Jianhua Li
    Developmental & Comparative Immunology.2023; 139: 104555.     CrossRef
  • The relationship between some species of parasites and cancer and their pathogenesis: A literature Review
    Jiayin Liu
    International Journal of Biology and Life Sciences.2023; 1(1): 70.     CrossRef
  • Clonorchis sinensis granulin promotes malignant transformation of human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells through interaction with M2 macrophages via regulation of STAT3  phosphorylation and the MEK/ERK pathway
    Qing He, Xiaowen Pan, Yingxuan Yin, Anyuan Xu, Xueqing Yi, Yinjuan Wu, Xuerong Li
    Parasites & Vectors.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Cancerogenic parasites in veterinary medicine: a narrative literature review
    Niccolò Fonti, Francesca Parisi, Francesca Mancianti, Giulia Freer, Alessandro Poli
    Infectious Agents and Cancer.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Inhibition of TLR7 and TLR9 Reduces Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Proliferation and Tumor Development
    Fatma El Zahraa Mohamed, Rajiv Jalan, Shane Minogue, Fausto Andreola, Abeba Habtesion, Andrew Hall, Alison Winstanley, Steven Olde Damink, Massimo Malagó, Nathan Davies, Tu Vinh Luong, Amar Dhillon, Rajeshwar Mookerjee, Dipok Dhar, Rajai Munir Al-Jehani
    Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2022; 67(5): 1806.     CrossRef
  • Roles of microRNAs and Long Non-Coding RNAs Encoded by Parasitic Helminths in Human Carcinogenesis
    Ana Gabriela Leija-Montoya, Javier González-Ramírez, Gustavo Martínez-Coronilla, María Esther Mejía-León, Mario Isiordia-Espinoza, Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz, Elda Georgina Chávez-Cortez, Viviana Pitones-Rubio, Nicolas Serafín-Higuera
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(15): 8173.     CrossRef
  • Clonorchis sinensis infection contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma progression in rat
    Yapeng Qi, Junwen Hu, Jiahao Liang, Xiaoyin Hu, Ning Ma, Bangde Xiang
    Parasitology Research.2022; 121(12): 3403.     CrossRef
  • Spirocerca lupi Proteomics and Its Role in Cancer Development: An Overview of Spirocercosis-Induced Sarcomas and Revision of Helminth-Induced Carcinomas
    Catalina Porras-Silesky, María José Mejías-Alpízar, Javier Mora, Gad Baneth, Alicia Rojas
    Pathogens.2021; 10(2): 124.     CrossRef
  • Clonorchis sinensis and clonorchiasis
    Byoung-Kuk Na, Jhang Ho Pak, Sung-Jong Hong
    Acta Tropica.2020; 203: 105309.     CrossRef
  • Liver Fluke-Associated Biliary Tract Cancer
    Piyapan Prueksapanich, Panida Piyachaturawat, Prapimphan Aumpansub, Wiriyaporn Ridtitid, Roongruedee Chaiteerakij, Rungsun Rerknimitr
    Gut and Liver.2018; 12(3): 236.     CrossRef
  • 8,478 View
  • 137 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
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Original Articles
Trematodes Recovered in the Small Intestine of Stray Cats in the Republic of Korea
Jong-Yil Chai, Young Yil Bahk, Woon-Mok Sohn
Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(1):99-106.
Published online February 18, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.1.99

In 2005, we reported the infection status of 438 stray cats with various species of intestinal helminths, including nematodes (4 species), trematodes (23 species), and cestodes (5 species) in the Republic of Korea. However, morphologic details of each helminth species have not been provided. In the present study, we intended to describe morphologic details of 13 trematode species which were either new fauna of cats (10 species) or new fauna of not only cats but also all animal hosts (3 species). The worms were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin under a cover slip pressure, stained with Semichon's acetocarmine, and then observed using a light microscope equipped with a micrometer. The 13 subjected species included members of the Heterophyidae (Stellantchasmus falcatus, Stictodora fuscata, Stictodora lari, Centrocestus armatus, Procerovum varium, and Cryptocotyle concava), Echinostomatidae (Echinostoma hortense, Echinostoma revolutum, Echinochasmus japonicus, and Stephanoprora sp.), Diplostomidae (Neodiplostomum seoulense), Plagiorchiidae (Plagiorchis muris), and Dicrocoeliidae (Eurytrema pancreaticum). By the present study, Cryptocotyle sp. and Neodiplostomum sp. recored in our previous study were identified as C. concava and N. seoulense, respectively. Three species, P. varium, C. concava, and Stephanoprora sp., are new trematode fauna in Korea.

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Entamoeba histolytica Induces Cell Death of HT29 Colonic Epithelial Cells via NOX1-Derived ROS
Kyeong Ah Kim, Ju Young Kim, Young Ah Lee, Arim Min, Young Yil Bahk, Myeong Heon Shin
Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(1):61-68.
Published online February 18, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.1.61

Entamoeba histolytica, which causes amoebic colitis and occasionally liver abscess in humans, is able to induce host cell death. However, signaling mechanisms of colon cell death induced by E. histolytica are not fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the signaling role of NOX in cell death of HT29 colonic epithelial cells induced by E. histolytica. Incubation of HT29 cells with amoebic trophozoites resulted in DNA fragmentation that is a hallmark of apoptotic cell death. In addition, E. histolytica generate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a contact-dependent manner. Inhibition of intracellular ROS level with treatment with DPI, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidases (NOXs), decreased Entamoeba-induced ROS generation and cell death in HT29 cells. However, pan-caspase inhibitor did not affect E. histolytica-induced HT29 cell death. In HT29 cells, catalytic subunit NOX1 and regulatory subunit Rac1 for NOX1 activation were highly expressed. We next investigated whether NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1)-derived ROS is closely associated with HT29 cell death induced by E. histolytica. Suppression of Rac1 by siRNA significantly inhibited Entamoeba-induced cell death. Moreover, knockdown of NOX1 by siRNA, effectively inhibited E. histolytica-triggered DNA fragmentation in HT29 cells. These results suggest that NOX1-derived ROS is required for apoptotic cell death in HT29 colon epithelial cells induced by E. histolytica.

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Proteomic Analysis of Haptoglobin and Amyloid A Protein Levels in Patients with Vivax Malaria
Young Yil Bahk, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Yeon Kim, Kook-Jin Lim, Tong-Soo Kim
Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(3):203-211.
Published online September 16, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.3.203

Advancements in the field of proteomics have provided great opportunities for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools against human diseases. In this study, we analyzed haptoglobin and amyloid A protein levels of vivax malaria patients with combinations of depletion of the abundant plasma proteins, 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), image analysis, and mass spectrometry in the plasma between normal healthy donors and vivax malaria patients. The results showed that the expression level of haptoglobin had become significantly lower or undetectable in the plasma of vivax malaria patients due to proteolytic cleavage when compared to healthy donors on 2-DE gels. Meanwhile, serum amyloid A protein was significantly increased in vivax malaria patient's plasma with high statistical values. These 2 proteins are common acute phase reactants and further large scale evaluation with a larger number of patient's will be necessary to establish the possible clinical meaning of the existential changes of these proteins in vivax malaria patients. However, our proteomic analysis suggests the feasible values of some plasma proteins, such as haptoglobin and serum amyloid A, as associating factor candidates for vivax malaria.

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