Clonorchis sinensis is a biological carcinogen inducing human cholangiocarcinoma, and clonorchiasis is one of the important endemic infectious diseases in East Asia. The present study investigated survival longevity of C. sinensis adult worms in various in vitro conditions to find the best way of keeping the worms longer. The worms were maintained in 0.85% NaCl, 1×PBS, 1×Locke's solution, RPMI-1640, DMEM, and IMDM media, and in 1×Locke's solution with different supplements. All of the worms died within 3 and 7 days in 0.85% NaCl and 1×PBS, respectively, but survived up to 57 days in 1×Locke's solution. The worms lived for 106 days in DMEM, and 114 days in both RPMI-1640 and IMDM media. The survival rate in RPMI-1640 medium was the highest (50%) compared to that in DMEM (20±10%) and in IMDM (33.3±25.2%) after 3 months. The 1×Locke's solution with 0.005% bovine bile supplement showed increased duration of maximum survival from 42 days to 70 days. Higher concentration of bile supplements than 0.005% or addition of glucose were disadvantageous for the worm survival. The worms died rapidly in solutions containing L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, and adenine compared to L-arginine, L-serine, and L-tryptophan. In conclusion, the 1×Locke's solution best supports the worms alive among inorganic solutions for 57 days, and the RPMI-1640 medium maintains living C. sinensis adults better and longer up to 114 days in vitro than other media.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Clonorchis sinensis and Cholangiocarcinoma Eun-Min Kim, Sung-Tae Hong Journal of Korean Medical Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Truman Show for Human Helminthic Parasites: A Review of Recent Advances in In Vitro Cultivation Platforms Smita Sutrave, Martin Heinrich Richter Microorganisms.2023; 11(7): 1708. CrossRef
In vitro culture and morphology of Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Eoacanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) collected from the intestine of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) farmed in the Brazilian Amazon M. I. B. Oliveira, C. Majolo, F. A. Sebastião, M. Tavares-Dias, F. R. Brandão, E. C. Chagas Brazilian Journal of Biology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Structure-based virtual screening and molecular dynamics of potential inhibitors targeting sodium-bile acid co-transporter of carcinogenic liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis Won Gi Yoo, Fuhong Dai, Jhang Ho Pak, Sung-Jong Hong, Jin-Ho Song, Sutas Suttiprapa PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2022; 16(11): e0010909. CrossRef
Amino acids serve as an important energy source for adult flukes of Clonorchis sinensis Shan Li, Xueqing Chen, Juanjuan Zhou, Zhizhi Xie, Mei Shang, Lei He, Pei Liang, Tingjin Chen, Qiang Mao, Chi Liang, Xuerong Li, Yan Huang, Xinbing Yu, John Pius Dalton PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2020; 14(4): e0008287. CrossRef
Sodium-bile acid co-transporter is crucial for survival of a carcinogenic liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis in the bile Fuhong Dai, Won Gi Yoo, Yanyan Lu, Jin-Ho Song, Ji-Yun Lee, Youngro Byun, Jhang Ho Pak, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sung-Jong Hong, John Pius Dalton PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2020; 14(12): e0008952. CrossRef
Characterization of a novel organic solute transporter homologue from Clonorchis sinensis Yanyan Lu, Won Gi Yoo, Fuhong Dai, Ji-Yun Lee, Jhang Ho Pak, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sung-Jong Hong, John Pius Dalton PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2018; 12(4): e0006459. CrossRef
Sequence analysis and characterization of pyruvate kinase from Clonorchis sinensis, a 53.1-kDa homopentamer, implicated immune protective efficacy against clonorchiasis Tingjin Chen, Hongye Jiang, Hengchang Sun, Zhizhi Xie, Pengli Ren, Lu Zhao, Huimin Dong, Mengchen Shi, Zhiyue Lv, Zhongdao Wu, Xuerong Li, Xinbing Yu, Yan Huang, Jin Xu Parasites & Vectors.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
C3H/He Mice as an Incompatible Cholangiocarcinoma Model by Clonorchis sinensis, Dicyclanil and N-Nitrosodimethylamine Md. Hafiz Uddin, Shunyu Li, Yan Jin, Min-Ho Choi, Ja June Jang, Sung-Tae Hong The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2016; 54(3): 281. CrossRef
Clonorchis sinensis acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase: identification and characterization of its potential role in surviving in the bile duct Jinsi Lin, Hongling Qu, Guishan Chen, Lei He, Yanquan Xu, Zhizhi Xie, Mengyu Ren, Jiufeng Sun, Shan Li, Wenjun Chen, Xueqing Chen, Xiaoyun Wang, Xuerong Li, Chi Liang, Yan Huang, Xinbing Yu Parasites & Vectors.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Involvement of PSMD10, CDK4, and Tumor Suppressors in Development of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma of Syrian Golden Hamsters Induced by Clonorchis sinensis and N-Nitrosodimethylamine Md. Hafiz Uddin, Min-Ho Choi, Woo Ho Kim, Ja-June Jang, Sung-Tae Hong, Xiao-Nong Zhou PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2015; 9(8): e0004008. CrossRef
Advanced Enzymology, Expression Profile and Immune Response of Clonorchis sinensis Hexokinase Show Its Application Potential for Prevention and Control of Clonorchiasis Tingjin Chen, Jinyun Yu, Zeli Tang, Zhizhi Xie, Zhipeng Lin, Hengchang Sun, Shuo Wan, Xuerong Li, Yan Huang, Xinbing Yu, Jin Xu, Aaron R. Jex PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2015; 9(3): e0003641. CrossRef
Production and Deformation of Clonorchis sinensis Eggs during In Vitro Maintenance Md. Hafiz Uddin, Young Mee Bae, Min-Ho Choi, Sung-Tae Hong, Jason Mulvenna PLoS ONE.2012; 7(12): e52676. CrossRef
First
Prev
