Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"microfilaria"

Case Report

Disseminated Microfilaremia Associated with Lung Cyst and Empyema: An Autopsy Report: Kirti Gupta, Uma Nahar Saikia, Prateek Bhatia, Mandeep Garg, Ajay Wanchu; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(1):49-52.
Published online March 12, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.1.49

Abstract
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Clinical manifestations of extralymphatic disease caused by filariasis are varied and range from symptoms due to tropical pulmonary eosinophilia to hematuria, proteinuria, splenomegaly, and rarely arthritis. Disseminated microfilaremia in association with loculated lung cyst and empyema is of rare occurrence and to the best of our knowledge has not been documented in the literature so far. We report here a case of disseminated microfilaremia due to Wuchereria bancrofti infection accompanied by a lung cyst and empyema in a 21-year-old Indian man.

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Immunopathological response of leukocytes against microfilariae and adult worms in white rats infected with Setaria cervi
Sharba Kausar, Wajihullah Khan
Veterinary World.2017; 10(5): 562. CrossRef
Sudden Death Due to Coronary Blockade by Microfilaremia
Rajpal Singh Punia, Reetu Kundu, Dasari Harish
American Journal of Forensic Medicine & Pathology.2016; 37(4): 231. CrossRef

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Original Article

A serological survey of Dirofilaria immitis infection in pet dogs of Busan, Korea, and effects of chemoprophylaxis: Kang Hyun Byeon, Bong Jin Kim, Sun-Mi Kim, Hak Sun Yu, Hae Jin Jeong, Mee-Sun Ock; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(1):27-32.
Published online March 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.1.27

Abstract
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The status of Dirofilaria immitis infection was assessed in pet dogs of Busan, Korea, and chemoprophylactic effects of microfilaricidal medication were evaluated. A total of 294 pet dogs older than 6 mo were examined, 217 of which had been maintained indoors, and 77 had been kept outdoors. The Snap^R kit and direct microscopic examinations of the peripheral blood were used. The mean overall parasite positive rates were 10.2% and 6.5%, respectively. Outdoor dogs evidenced adult worm infection rate of 31.2% and microfilaria infection rate of 18.2%. The indoor dogs, however, evidenced adult worm infection rate of 2.8% and microfilaria infection rate of 2.3%. The prevalence in males was more than 2 times that of females. The changing pattern of infection rates by age evidenced a gradual increase, from 2- to 6-year-old dogs, after which, a decrease in infection rates was noted. With regard to chemoprophylaxis, the infection rates of complete and incomplete chemoprophylaxis groups were found to be 2-3 times lower than that of the non-chemoprophylaxis group. The results of the present study indicate that the risk of exposure to D. immitis in pet dogs is quite high, particularly in male outdoor dogs, and chemoprophylactic measures were quite effective.

Citations

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Filariasis in dogs brought to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Sandani S. Thilakarathne, Nayana Wijayawardhane, Piyumali K. Perera, Chandima Mallawa, Rupika S. Rajakaruna
Parasitology Research.2023; 122(2): 461. CrossRef
Molecular detection of Dirofilaria immitis and its Wolbachia endosymbionts in dogs from Myanmar
Saw Bawm, Yadanar Khaing, Hla Myet Chel, Myint Myint Hmoon, Shwe Yee Win, Min Bo, Tint Naing, Lat Lat Htun
Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases.2023; 4: 100148. CrossRef
Detection of Dirofilaria immitis using microscopic, serological and molecular techniques among dogs in Cabo Frio, RJ, Brazil
Taíssa Angélica Lemos Trancoso, Nathália da Conceição Lima, Alynne Silva Barbosa, Daniela Leles, Ana Beatriz Monteiro Fonseca, Norma Vollmer Labarthe, Otilio Machado Pereira Bastos, Claudia Maria Antunes Uchôa
Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
The global status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on published articles
Davood Anvari, Elahe Narouei, Ahmad Daryani, Shahabeddin Sarvi, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi, Mohammad Reza Narouei, Shirzad Gholami
Research in Veterinary Science.2020; 131: 104. CrossRef
Prevalence of dirofilariasis in shepherd and stray dogs in Iranshahr, southeast of Iran
Davood Anvari, Dariush Saadati, Abolghasem Siyadatpanah, Shirzad Gholami
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2019; 43(2): 319. CrossRef
Molecular Analysis of Canine Filaria and Its Wolbachia Endosymbionts in Domestic Dogs Collected from Two Animal University Hospitals in Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand
Hathaithip Satjawongvanit, Atchara Phumee, Sonthaya Tiawsirisup, Sivapong Sungpradit, Narisa Brownell, Padet Siriyasatien, Kanok Preativatanyou
Pathogens.2019; 8(3): 114. CrossRef
Incidence of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs presented at University of Nigeria, Nsukka Veterinary Teaching Hospital using wet smear and buffy coat techniques
Chukwuebuka Iniobong Ikenna Ugochukwu, Nebolisah Omekam, Emmanuel Ikenna Ugochukwu
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease.2016; 6(8): 627. CrossRef
Prevalence ofDirofilaria immitisinfection in dogs in Henan province, central China
Shuai Wang, Nian Zhang, Zhenchao Zhang, Dong Wang, Zhijun Yao, Haizhu Zhang, Jingbo Ma, Bin Zheng, Hongbin Ren, Shiguo Liu
Parasite.2016; 23: 43. CrossRef
Epidemiological aspects of Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs from Assam of Northeast India
Kanta Bhattacharjee, Prabhat Chandra Sarmah
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease.2014; 4: S255. CrossRef
Microscopic, serologic and molecular surveys on Dirofilaria immitis in stray dogs, Turkey
Sami Simsek, Yunusemre Ozkanlar, Ibrahim Balkaya, Mustafa Sinan Aktas
Veterinary Parasitology.2011; 183(1-2): 109. CrossRef
Public health issues concerning the widespread distribution of canine heartworm disease
Alice C.Y. Lee, Susan P. Montgomery, Jerold H. Theis, Byron L. Blagburn, Mark L. Eberhard
Trends in Parasitology.2010; 26(4): 168. CrossRef
Comparison of selected canine vector-borne diseases between urban animal shelter and rural hunting dogs in Korea
Sun Lim, Peter J Irwin, SeungRyong Lee, MyungHwan Oh, KyuSung Ahn, BoYoung Myung, SungShik Shin
Parasites & Vectors.2010;[Epub] CrossRef
Serological and molecular studies onDirofilaria immitisin dogs from Turkey
S. Simsek, A.E. Utuk, E. Koroglu, M. Rishniw
Journal of Helminthology.2008; 82(2): 181. CrossRef
Ectopic Migration of an Adult Heartworm in a Dog with Dirofilariasis
Hyun-Wook Oh, Hyung-Kyou Jun, Myung-Jo You, Mineo Hayasaki, Kun-Ho Song
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2008; 46(3): 171. CrossRef

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Brief Communication

A survey of Brugia malayi infection on the Heugsan Islands, Korea: Jong-Yil Chai, Soon-Hyung Lee, Sung-Yil Choi, Jong-Soo Lee, Tai-Soon Yong, Kyun-Jong Park, Kyeong-Ae Yang, Keon-Hoon Lee, Mi-Jeng Park, Hyung-Ran Park, Mi-Ja Kim, Han-Jong Rim; Korean J Parasitol 2003;41(1):69-73.
Published online March 20, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2003.41.1.69

Abstract
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Lymphatic filariasis due to Brugia malayi infection was endemic in several areas of South Korea. The infection was controlled, or disappeared, in most areas, with the exception of the remote southwestern islands of Jeonranam-do, including the Heugsan Islands. To discover its current situation, a small-scale survey was performed on the Heugsan Islands in September 2000. A total of 378 people, 151 male and 227 female, living in 8 villages (6 on Daeheugsan-do, 1 on Daejang-do, and 1 on Yeongsan-do) were subjected to a night blood survey for microfilaremia, and physical examination for elephantiasis on the extremities. There were 6 (1.6%) microfilaria positive cases, all in females aged 57-72 years, and from only two villages of the Daeheugsan-do area. There were 4 patients with lower leg elephantiasis, but they showed no microfilaremia. The results show that a low-grade endemicity of filariasis remains on the Daeheugsan-do.

Citations

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Prevention and Control Strategies for Parasitic Infections in the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Young Yil Bahk, Eun-Hee Shin, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju, Jong-Yil Chai, Tong-Soo Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(5): 401. CrossRef
Follow-up Study of Patients Previously Diagnosed with Lymphatic Filariasis in Korea
Hyeng Il Cheun, Hee Eun Shin, Da Won Ma, Sung Hee Hong, Tae Yun Kim, Sang Eun Lee, JungWon Ju, Yun-Kyu Park, Tong-Soo Kim, Shin Hyeong Cho
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2017; 8(6): 421. CrossRef
Surveillance and Vector Control of Lymphatic Filariasis in the Republic of Korea
Shin Hyeong Cho, Da Won Ma, Bo Ra Koo, Hee Eun Shin, Wook Kyo Lee, Byong Suk Jeong, Chaeshin Chu, Won Ja Lee, Hyeng Il Cheun
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2012; 3(3): 145. CrossRef
Seasonal Prevalence of Mosquitoes, Including Vectors of Brugian Filariasis, in Southern Islands of the Republic of Korea
Hyeng-Il Cheun, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Hee-Il Lee, E-Hyun Shin, Jong-Soo Lee, Tong-Soo Kim, Won-Ja Lee
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2011; 49(1): 59. CrossRef
Elimination of lymphatic filariasis in the Republic of Korea: an epidemiological survey of formerly endemic areas, 2002–2006
Hyeong‐Il Cheun, Jong‐Soo Lee, Shin‐Hyeong Cho, Yoon Kong, Tong‐Soo Kim
Tropical Medicine & International Health.2009; 14(4): 445. CrossRef
Review of Zoonotic Parasites in Medical and Veterinary Fields in the Republic of Korea
Heejeong Youn
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(Suppl): S133. CrossRef
Successful Control of Lymphatic Filariasis in the Republic of Korea
Hyeng-Il Cheun, Yoon Kong, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jong-Soo Lee, Jong-Yil Chai, Joo-Shil Lee, Jong-Koo Lee, Tong-Soo Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(4): 323. CrossRef
Trends in parasitic diseases in the Republic of Korea
Eun-Hee Shin, Sang-Mee Guk, Hyo-Jin Kim, Soon-Hyung Lee, Jong-Yil Chai
Trends in Parasitology.2008; 24(3): 143. CrossRef

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Original Article

Periodicity exhibited by Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae identified in dogs of Korea: Jae Ku Rhee, Sam Sung Yang, Hyeon Cheol Kim; Korean J Parasitol 1998;36(4):235-239.
Published online December 20, 1998; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1998.36.4.235

Abstract
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Microfilarial periodicity of Dirofilaria immitis (the dog heartworm) was determined at two hr intervals for 72 consecutive hrs in 10 naturally infected war dogs, 3-9 years old, in Korea to facilitate harvest of the microfilariae for possible use in laboratory works and to elucidate further the periodicity of the microfilaria depending on geographic location. Although the periodicity had been observed as being low-grade nocturnal, maximal microfilarial counts were found at 21:00 hr and minimal at 11:00 hr, giving rise to an evident peak in fluctuation of the larval counts. This is the first record of the periodicity of the microfilariae identified as D. immitis in Korea.

Citations

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Development of a novel rodent model for dog heartworm microfilaremia using the severe-combined immunodeficiency mouse
Mihoko Mizuseki, Nao Ikeda, Takahiro Shirozu, Maki Yamagishi, Sugao Oshiro, Shinya Fukumoto
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The seroprevalence of canine dirofilariosis in dogs in the eastern coastal areas of China
Dongjie Cai, Bin Tian, Yongxia Liu, Mujeeb Ur Rehman, David Ranucci, Fabrizia Veronesi, Antonio Varcasia, Wanzhong Jia, Jianzhu Liu
Heliyon.2023; 9(6): e17009. CrossRef
Updates on the distribution and host spectrum of Dirofilaria repens in the Republic of Uzbekistan
Alisher Safarov, Firuza Akramova, Djalaliddin Azimov, Andrei D. Mihalca, Angela M. Ionică
Parasitology Research.2021; 120(12): 3987. CrossRef
Acetic acid as an alternative reagent in the modified Knott test
Christopher C. Evans, Jenna L. Bradner, Molly D. Savadelis, C. Thomas Nelson, Andrew R. Moorhead
Veterinary Parasitology.2019; 276: 108975. CrossRef
Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens show circadian co-periodicity in naturally co-infected dogs
Angela Monica Ionică, Ioana Adriana Matei, Gianluca D’Amico, Lucia Victoria Bel, Mirabela Oana Dumitrache, David Modrý, Andrei Daniel Mihalca
Parasites & Vectors.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Seasonality and circadian variation of microfilaremia in dogs experimentally infected with Dirofilaria immitis
Léonore Lovis, Mélanie Grandjean, Laurence Overney, Wolfgang Seewald, Heinz Sager
Veterinary Parasitology.2017; 243: 235. CrossRef
Dirofilaria immitis exhibits sex- and stage-specific differences in excretory/secretory miRNA and protein profiles
Lucienne Tritten, Damian Clarke, Scott Timmins, Tom McTier, Timothy G. Geary
Veterinary Parasitology.2016; 232: 1. CrossRef
Loa loa and Onchocerca ochengi miRNAs detected in host circulation
Lucienne Tritten, Maeghan O’Neill, Chuck Nutting, Samuel Wanji, Abdel Njouendoui, Fanny Fombad, Jonas Kengne-Ouaffo, Charles Mackenzie, Timothy Geary
Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology.2014; 198(1): 14. CrossRef
Detection of Circulating Parasite-Derived MicroRNAs in Filarial Infections
Lucienne Tritten, Erica Burkman, Andrew Moorhead, Mohammed Satti, James Geary, Charles Mackenzie, Timothy Geary, Thomas B. Nutman
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2014; 8(7): e2971. CrossRef
Seroprevalence and Geographic Distribution ofDirofilaria immitisand Tick-Borne Infections (Anaplasma phagocytophilum,Borrelia burgdorferisensu lato, andEhrlichia canis) in Dogs from Romania
Viorica Mircean, Mirabela Oana Dumitrache, Adriana Györke, Nikola Pantchev, Robert Jodies, Andrei Daniel Mihalca, Vasile Cozma
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Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs from Dandong, China
Honglie Hou, Guoshun Shen, Wei Wu, Pengtao Gong, Quan Liu, Juan You, Yanan Cai, Jianhua Li, Xichen Zhang
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Prevalence and epidemiological aspects of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs from Kayseri Province, Turkey
A. Yildirim, A. Ica, O. Atalay, O. Duzlu, A. Inci
Research in Veterinary Science.2007; 82(3): 358. CrossRef
Genetic determinism of parasitic circadian periodicity and subperiodicity in human lymphatic filariasis
Gaston Pichon, Jean-Pierre Treuil
Comptes Rendus. Biologies.2004; 327(12): 1087. CrossRef
Seroprevalence of canine dirofilariosis in South Korea
K.H. Song, S.E. Lee, M. Hayasaki, K. Shiramizu, D.H. Kim, K.W. Cho
Veterinary Parasitology.2003; 114(3): 231. CrossRef