Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

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Brief Communications

Distribution of Gastrointestinal Parasitic Infection in Domestic Pigs in the Republic of Korea: Nationwide Survey from 2020-2021: Subin Lee, Badriah Alkathiri, Dongmi Kwak, Sang-Myeong Lee, Wan-Kyu Lee, Jae-Won Byun, Seung-Hun Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(3):207-211.
Published online June 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.3.207

This study aimed to examine the distribution of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in domestic pigs in the Republic of Korea. From May 2020 to October 2021, 364 pig fecal samples were collected from 75 farms in 7 Provinces and microscopically examined. A total of 170 (46.7%) pigs were infected with at least one of the following parasites: Balantioides coli, strongyles, Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, and coccidia. By parasite species, B. coli, strongyles, A. suum, T. suis, and coccidia oocysts or eggs were detected in 144 (39.6%), 24 (6.6%), 14 (3.8%), 4 (1.1%), and 1 (0.3%) samples, respectively. One hundred fifty-four, 15, and 1 cases showed single, double, and triple infections, respectively. Of the swine fecal samples from 75 farms, 69 specimens (92.0%) were infected with 1 or more parasites. All surveyed farms across the country exhibited a positive rate of over 30%, among which the highest positive rate was 65.0% in Chungcheongnam-do, and Jeollabuk-do was followed by 61.9%. Winter showed a statistically lower prevalence than other seasons. This study showed that gastrointestinal parasites are prevalent in pigs in Korea, although the diversity of parasites is low.

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Molecular identification and diversity of gastrointestinal apicomplexan protozoa in pigs in the Republic of Korea
Subin Lee, Sang-Hyup Lee, Badriah Alkathiri, Kyung-Duk Min, Dong Hyeon Kwon, Mi-Hye Hwang, Gyu-Tae Jeon, Bok Kyung Ku, Jae-Won Byun, Seung-Hun Lee
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Gastrointestinal parasites in pigs in Brazil: prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis, and extension activities
Camila Souza Carvalho Class, Renan de Souza Ferreira, Ana Luiza Soares de Araujo, Ingrid da Silva Reis, Breno Torres da Silva, Fabiana Batalha Knackfuss, Laís Lisboa Corrêa, José Arcínio de Assis, Marcelo José Milagres de Almeida, Daniel de Castro Trindad
Parasitology Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Integrative use of conventional and DNA metabarcoding methods reveals high diversity, prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasites in pigs from Victoria, Australia
Ghazanfar Abbas, Yuet On Lee, Hannah Mitchell, Abdul Ghafar, Mark A. Stevenson, Charles G. Gauci, Leah G. Starick, Regina M. Fogarty, Bernie Gleeson, Dianne E. Phillips, Tao Wang, Robin B. Gasser, Abdul Jabbar
Research in Veterinary Science.2025; 196: 105902. CrossRef
Prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal parasites on pig farms in Kalasin Province, Thailand
Sirikanda Thanasuwan, Supawadee Piratae, Keattipong Thaowandee, Chalothon Amporn
Veterinary World.2024; : 273. CrossRef
Comparative Analysis of Ascaris suum and Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus Infections in Free-Ranging and Captive Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) in Hungary
Csaba Farkas, Alexandra Juhász, Balázs Fekete, Borisz Egri
Animals.2024; 14(6): 932. CrossRef
Parasites burden in peri-urban free-roaming pigs in Gert Sibande District Municipality, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa
P Munzhelele, NPS Sibeko, JW Oguttu, CA Mbajiorgu, FO Fasina
Journal of the South African Veterinary Association.2024; 95(1): 55. CrossRef
Prevalence of intestinal parasites in humans and domestic animals in Jirel community, Dolakha, Nepal
Pitambar Dhakal, Medhavi Dhakal, Dipa Dhakal, Pramita Shakya, Barsha Singh, Rabina Gupta Kalwar, Rekha Shahi, Sophiya Pandey, Darwin Niraula, Anita Karki, Mukesh Kumar Mahato, Semsal Tamang, Basanti Chhetri, Muna Thapa, Rameshwor Parajuli, Janak Raj Subed
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.2024; 13(8): 3408. CrossRef

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Infections of Soil-Transmitted Helminth in Refugees from North Korea: Young-Il Lee, Min Seo, Suk-Bae Kim; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(3):291-294.
Published online June 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.3.291

Abstract
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Soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH) are now no longer public health problems in the Republic of Korea (South Korea), but their status are unavailable in the residents of North Korea (NK) despite the expectation of large scale traffic and future reunification of the Korean Peninsula. A total of 20 female refugees from NK who had been admitted to the Division of Gastroenterology, Dankook University Hospital, were subjected in this study. Among them, 15 refugees were examined by the colonoscopy and 10 ones were examined with the stool examination (formalin-ether sedimentation). Both diagnostic methods were commonly adopted in 5 patients. Eggs of Trichuris trichiura were detected in 7 out of 10 refugees in the stool examination. In the colonoscopy, T. trichiura worms were found in 6 (40.0%) out of 15 refugees. Total 9 (45.0%) peoples were confirmed to be infected with human whipworms. Additionally, 1 case of clonorchiasis was diagnosed in the stool examination and a worm of Ascaris lumbricoides was discovered from a trichuriasis case. These findings suggested that STH is highly prevalent in NO, in which living conditions are not so good in the aspect of general hygiene and medical care.

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Global prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasitic infections among institutionalized populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Albert Abaka-Yawson, Daniel Sai Squire, Ibrahim Issah, Kenneth Ablordey, Emmanuel Ativi, Serwaa Akoto Bawua, John Arko-Mensah
BMC Infectious Diseases.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Clonorchis sinensis calcium-binding protein Cs16 causes acute hepatic injury possibly by reprogramming the metabolic pathway of bone marrow-derived monocytes
Qi Li, Xiao Li, Shuo Kan, Ting-Jun Zhu, Chang Li, Xin-Yue Du, Xin Wang, Hui-Bo Yan, Chen-Yun Wu, Guang-Jie Chen, Men-Bao Qian, Min Yan, Zhao-Jun Wang
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Surgical Diseases in North Korea: An Overview of North Korean Medical Journals
Sejin Choi, Taehoon Kim, Soyoung Choi, Hee Young Shin
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(24): 9346. CrossRef
Helminthiases in North Korea: a neglected public health challenge
Eunsuk Chang
Pathogens and Global Health.2019; 113(6): 256. CrossRef

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Original Article

Multiplex-Touchdown PCR to Simultaneously Detect Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, and Cyclospora cayetanensis, the Major Causes of Traveler’s Diarrhea: Ji-Hun Shin, Sang-Eun Lee, Tong Soo Kim, Da-Won Ma, Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Hee Shin; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(5):631-636.
Published online October 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.5.631

Abstract
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This study aimed to develop a multiplex-touchdown PCR method to simultaneously detect 3 species of protozoan parasites, i.e., Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, and Cyclospora cayetanensis, the major causes of traveler’s diarrhea and are resistant to standard antimicrobial treatments. The target genes included the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein for C. parvum, Glutamate dehydrogenase for G. lamblia, and 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) for C. cayetanensis. The sizes of the amplified fragments were 555, 188, and 400 bps, respectively. The multiplex-touchdown PCR protocol using a primer mixture simultaneously detected protozoa in human stools, and the amplified gene was detected in >1×10³ oocysts for C. parvum, >1×10⁴ cysts for G. lamblia, and >1 copy of the 18S rRNA gene for C. cayetanensis. Taken together, our protocol convincingly demonstrated the ability to simultaneously detect C. parvum, G. lamblia, and C. cayetanenesis in stool samples.

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A Multiplex RT-PCR for the Detection of Three Viruses and One Viroid Infecting Hemp
Derrick J. Grunwald, Jacob MacWilliams, Laine Hackenberg, Sydney Stroschein, Renee Rioux, Punya Nachappa, Shelby Ellison
PhytoFrontiers™.2024; 4(4): 524. CrossRef
Efficacy of a membrane concentration method combined with real-time PCR for detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in drinking water
Jiang Jingyi, Yao Ping, Xu Jian, Chen Jia, Mao Xujian, Li Qiong, Tu Bowen, Wang Fengming
Letters in Applied Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Screening of specific nucleic acid targets for Cronobacter sakazakii and visual detection by loop-mediated isothermal amplification and lateral flow dipstick method in powdered infant formula
Shiqian Fu, Xue Qin, Zhenghui Wang, Xinyan Yang, Sihan Chen, Tao Yang, Haonan Jin, Chaoxin Man, Yujun Jiang
Journal of Dairy Science.2021; 104(5): 5152. CrossRef
Sporadic cyclosporiasis in symptomatic Cuban patients: Confirmation of positive results from conventional diagnostic methods by molecular assay
Luis Enrique Jerez Puebla, Fidel A. Núñez Fernández, Jorge Fraga Nodarse, Iraís Atencio Millán, Iredys Cruz Rodríguez, Lisette Pérez Santos, Yanet Pintos Saavedra, Laura Rodríguez Moreno, Lucy J. Robertson
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease.2020; 97(3): 115048. CrossRef
Human cyclosporiasis
Annunziata Giangaspero, Robin B Gasser
The Lancet Infectious Diseases.2019; 19(7): e226. CrossRef
Cyclospora cayetanensis and Cyclosporiasis: An Update
Sonia Almeria, Hediye N. Cinar, Jitender P. Dubey
Microorganisms.2019; 7(9): 317. CrossRef
Evaluation of two DNA extraction methods for the PCR-based detection of eukaryotic enteric pathogens in fecal samples
Estelle Menu, Charles Mary, Isabelle Toga, Didier Raoult, Stéphane Ranque, Fadi Bittar
BMC Research Notes.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Development of Molecular Diagnosis Using Multiplex Real-Time PCR and T4 Phage Internal Control to Simultaneously Detect Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, and Cyclospora cayetanensis from Human Stool Samples
Ji-Hun Shin, Sang-Eun Lee, Tong Soo Kim, Da-Won Ma, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Hee Shin
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(5): 419. CrossRef
Entamoeba histolytica: an Overview
Nadia A. El-Dib
Current Tropical Medicine Reports.2017; 4(1): 11. CrossRef
Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora Diarrheal Infection in Malnourished Children: a Nutritional Approach
María A. Echevarría, María L. Eva
Current Tropical Medicine Reports.2017; 4(3): 178. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Infection Status of Endoparasites in Foreigner Workers Living in Cheonan City, Chungnam Province, Korea: Suk-Yul Jung, Mi-Jung Ahn, Joo-Yeon Oh, Hae-Seon Nam, Sung-Tae Hong, Yeon-Han Yun, Min Seo; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(2):243-246.
Published online April 22, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.2.243

Abstract
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At present, more than 500,000 foreigner workers, most of them from Asian countries with high parasitic infection rates, are working in Korea. Since investigation into the prevalence of parasitic infections in foreigner workers has not yet been conducted in Korea, the present study was performed to determine the parasitic infection status of foreigner workers living in Cheonan City, Chungcheongnam-do (Chungnam Province) and to plan, on that basis, effective control measures. From October to December 2013, the parasitic infection status of 231 foreigner workers employed at selected Cheonan-si small businesses was investigated by both stool examination and ELISA. A total of 60 individuals (26.0%) were found to be infected with parasites. The stool examination detected 14 positive cases (6.1%), and ELISA revealed 50 positive people (21.6%), for at least a kind of parasitic disease. The most common infection was cysticercosis (8.7%), followed by toxocariasis (7.8%) and clonorchiasis (7.4%). Since it was proved that parasitic infections were prevalent among foreigner workers living in Cheonan City, more comprehensive study is urgently needed in order to understand the nationwide status of parasitic infections in foreigner workers.

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Global prevalence of 4 neglected foodborne trematodes targeted for control by WHO: A scoping review to highlight the gaps
Rachel Tidman, Kaushi S. T. Kanankege, Mathieu Bangert, Bernadette Abela-Ridder, Paul R. Torgerson
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2023; 17(3): e0011073. CrossRef

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PCR Diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica Cysts in Stool Samples: Joung-Ho Moon, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jae-Ran Yu, Won-Ja Lee, Hyeng-Il Cheun; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(3):281-284.
Published online September 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.3.281

Abstract
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Amebiasis is a protozoan disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica and a potential health threat in areas where sanitation and hygiene are inappropriate. Highly sensitive PCR methods for detection of E. histolytica in clinical and environmental samples are extremely useful to control amebiasis and to promote public health. The present study compared several primer sets for small subunit (SSU) rDNA and histone genes of E. histolytica cysts. A 246 bp of the SSU rDNA gene of pure cysts contained in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and in stool samples was successfully amplified by nested PCR, using the 1,147-246 bp primer set, of the primary PCR products which were pre-amplified using the 1,147 bp primer as the template. The detection limit of the nested PCR using the 1,147-246 primer set was 10 cysts in both groups (PBS and stool samples). The PCR to detect histone gene showed negative results. We propose that the nested PCR technique to detect SSU rDNA can be used as a highly sensitive genetic method to detect E. histolytica cysts in stool samples.

Citations

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Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Laboratory Diagnosis of Parasites from the Gastrointestinal Tract
Lynne S. Garcia, Michael Arrowood, Evelyne Kokoskin, Graeme P. Paltridge, Dylan R. Pillai, Gary W. Procop, Norbert Ryan, Robyn Y. Shimizu, Govinda Visvesvara
Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of recombinant multi-epitope proteins for diagnosis of goat schistosomiasis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Chao Lv, Yang Hong, Zhiqiang Fu, Ke Lu, Xiaodan Cao, Tao Wang, Chuangang Zhu, Hao Li, Rui Xu, Bingguang Jia, Qian Han, Xuefeng Dou, Yuanxi Shen, Zuhang Zhang, Jinli Zai, Jintao Feng, Jiaojiao Lin
Parasites & Vectors.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Frequency of amoebiasis and other intestinal parasitoses in a settlement in Ilhéus City, State of Bahia, Brazil
Helena Lúcia Carneiro Santos, Luci Ana Fernandes Martins, Regina Helena Saramago Peralta, José Mauro Peralta, Heloisa Werneck de Macedo
Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical.2014; 47(1): 101. CrossRef

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Original Article

A new endemic focus of Heterophyes nocens and other heterophyid infections in a coastal area of Gangjin-gun, Jeollanam-do: Jae-Hwan Park, Jae-Lip Kim, Eun-Hee Shin, Sang-Mee Guk, Yun-Kyu Park, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(1):33-38.
Published online March 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.1.33

Abstract
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To know the prevalence of heterophyid trematodes among inhabitants of a southern coastal village, i.e., Sacho-ri, Gangjin-gun, Jeollanam-do (Province), 82 stool samples were examined on helminth eggs and protozoan cysts using Kato-Katz and formalin-ether sedimentation techniques. Total 33 people (40.2%) were positive for trematodes (Heterophyes nocens; 15 people, Pygidiopsis summa; 3, Metagonimus sp.; 4, Clonorchis sinensis; 7, Gymnophalloides seoi; 6) and/or protozoa (Entamoeba coli; 3). Among intestinal trematode egg positive cases, 17 were treated with praziquantel and their whole diarrheic stools were collected after purgation. Adult flukes of H. nocens (number of specimens = 1,294), P. summa (386), Stellantchasmus falcatus (5), Stictodora lari (4), and Heterophyopsis continua (1) were collected using a stereomicroscope. To know the source of human H. nocens infections in this village, metacercarial infections in mullets (10) were examined and most H. nocens metacercariae (101/105, 96.2%) were found in the trunk portion. From above results, the surveyed coastal village has been newly known as an endemic focus of human H. nocens infection and consuming raw mullets was the presumable source of human heterophyid infections.

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Infection characteristics of Metagonimus species (Digenea: Heterophyidae) metacercariae in fish from major rivers of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(1): 1. CrossRef
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Woon-Mok Sohn
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2022; 60(2): 79. CrossRef
Infection Status with Clonorchis sinensis Metacercariae in Fish from Tamjin-gang (River) in Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea
Ki-Bok Yoon, Hyun-Cheol Lim, Doo Young Jeon, Sook Park, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju, Sung-Shik Shin, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(2): 183. CrossRef
Infections with Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Yellowfin Goby, Acanthogobius flavimanus, from Coastal Areas of Republic of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju, Soon-Won Lee, Won-Seok Seok
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(3): 259. CrossRef
Infection Status with Metagonimus spp. Metacercariae in Fishes from Seomjin-gang and Tamjin-gang in Republic of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju, Cheon-Hyeon Kim, Ki-Bok Yoon
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(4): 351. CrossRef
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Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
Food and Waterborne Parasitology.2017; 8-9: 33. CrossRef
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M. A. Ibrahim, A. E. Abdel-Ghany, G. K. Abdel-Latef, S. A. Abdel-Aziz, S. M. Aboelhadid
Parasitology Research.2016; 115(6): 2439. CrossRef
Pygidiopsis summa (Digenea: Heterophyidae): Status of Metacercarial Infection in Mullets from Coastal Areas in the Republic of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Won-Ja Lee, Mi-Yeoun Park, Soon-Won Lee, Seung-Bong Choi, Beom-Nyung Huh, Won-Seok Seok
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2016; 54(4): 497. CrossRef
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Jong-Yil Chai, Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Hoo-Gn Jeoung, Muth Sinuon, Duong Socheat
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2016; 54(4): 537. CrossRef
Infection Status of Estuarine Fish and Oysters with Intestinal Fluke Metacercariae in Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea
Shin-Hyeong Cho, In-Sang Kim, Eun-Jung Hwang, Tong-Soo Kim, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2012; 50(3): 215. CrossRef
Epidemiological Survey on the Infection of Intestinal Flukes in Residents of Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, the Republic of Korea
Shin-Hyeong Cho, Pyo-Yun Cho, Dong-Min Lee, Tong-Soo Kim, In-Sang Kim, Eun-Jung Hwang, Byoung-Kuk Na, Woon-Mok Sohn
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2010; 48(2): 133. CrossRef
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Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Hee Shin, Soon-Hyung Lee, Han-Jong Rim
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Eun-Hee Shin, Sang-Mee Guk, Hyo-Jin Kim, Soon-Hyung Lee, Jong-Yil Chai
Trends in Parasitology.2008; 24(3): 143. CrossRef
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Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2007; 50(11): 946. CrossRef