This study determined the recent status and trend of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PcP) in the non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (non-HIV-PcP) and HIV (HIV-PcP) infected populations using data from the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA) and the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA). SaTScan and Joinpoint were used for statistical analyses. Non-HIV-PcP cases showed an upward trend during the study period from 2010 to 2021, with the largest number in 2021 (551 cases). The upward trend was similar until 2020 after adjusting for the population. Seoul had the highest number of cases (1,597) in the non-HIV-PcP group, which was the same after adjusting for the population (162 cases/1,000,000). It was followed by Jeju-do (89 cases/1,000,000). The most likely cluster (MLC) for the non-HIV-PCP group was Seoul (Relative Risk (RR)=4.59, Log Likelihood Ratio (LLR)=825.531), followed by Jeju-do (RR=1.59, LLR=5.431). An upward trend was observed among the non-HIV-PcP group in the Jeju-do/Jeollanam-do/Jeollabuk-do/Gyeongsangnam-do/Busan/Daejeon/Daegu/Ulsan joint cluster (29.02%, LLR=11.638, P<0.001) located in the southern part of Korea. Both women and men in the non-HIV groups showed an overall upward trend of PcP during the study period. Men in the 60-69 age group had the highest annual percentage change (APC 41.8) during 2014-2019. In contrast, the HIV groups showed a falling trend of PcP recently. Men in the 60-69 age group had the most decrease (APC -17.6) during 2018-2021. This study provides an analytic basis for health measures and a nationwide epidemiological surveillance system for the management of PcP.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Pneumonia incidence and determinants in South Punjab, Pakistan (2016–2020): a spatial epidemiological study at Tehsil-level Ömer Ünsal, Oliver Gruebner, Munazza Fatima International Journal of Health Geographics.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
This study was done to provide an overview of the latest trichomoniasis status in Korea by finding disease clusters and analyzing temporal trends during 2012-2020. Data were obtained from the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA) of Korea. SaTScan and Joinpoint programs were used for statistical analyses. Gyeonggi-do had the highest average population and highest number of cases. The high incidence of T. vaginalis infections were observed among women aged 40-49 and 30-39 years (33,830/year and 33,179/year, respectively). Similarly, the 40-49 and 30-39 age group in men showed the highest average cases (1,319/year and 1,282/year, respectively). Jeollabuk-do was the most likely cluster, followed by Busan/Gyeongsangnam-do/Ulsan/Daegu and Jeju-do and Gwangju. Urban and rural differences were prominent. Trichomoniasis has decreased significantly in most clusters, except for Incheon. Trichomoniasis was decreasing in women recently after peaking around 2014. Men showed different trends according to age. Trichomoniasis was increasing in the 10-39 age groups, but decreasing in the 40-59 age groups. This study might provide an analytic basis for future health measures, policy-makers, and health authorities in developing effective system for prevention of trichomoniasis.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Clinical Characteristics of Vaginal Trichomoniasis Infection and Metronidazole Resistance in Vaginitis Patients Guixue Lv, Xunrong Cao, Chunfeng Zheng Infection and Drug Resistance.2025; Volume 18: 1161. CrossRef
Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis Among Women in the Chinese Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Shuang Li, Jiahui Xu, Sisi Ru, Changjun Hu, Chongyang Liu, Xingquan Sun, Heteng Guo, Xi Zhang Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2025; 10(4): 113. CrossRef
Molecular Identification Based on β-Tubulin of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection among Women in Babylon Province Zainab Waddah Kermasha, Hayam Khalis Al-Masoudi, Suhaila Fadhil Mohammed Medical Journal of Babylon.2024; 21(4): 1009. CrossRef
Prevalence and metronidazole resistance of Trichomonas vaginalis among Japanese women in 2021 Yumiko Saito-Nakano, Yuko Umeki, Chikako Shimokawa, Koichi Kobayashi, Koichi Hashimoto, Toshio Takada, Chinami Makii, Rie Hasebe, Yuri Yoshida, Riko Nakajima, Seiki Kobayashi, Hajime Hisaeda IJID Regions.2023; 7: 130. CrossRef
This study was done to provide an analytical overview on the latest malaria infection clusters by evaluating temporal trends during 2010-2019 in Korea. Incheon was the most likely cluster (MLC) for all cases of malaria during the total period. MLCs for P. falciparum, vivax, malariae, ovale, and clinically diagnosed malaria without parasitological confirmation were Jeollanam-do, Incheon, Gangwon-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, and Jeollabuk-do, respectively. Malaria was decreasing in most significant clusters, but Gwangju showed an increase for all cases of malaria, P. vivax and clinically diagnosed cases. Malaria overall, P. falciparum and P. vivax seem to be under control thanks to aggressive health measures. This study might provide a sound scientific basis for future control measures against malaria in Korea.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
List of occupational diseases among farmers in Korea: a literature review Hansoo Song, Seok-Ju Yoo, Won-Ju Park, Seunghyeon Cho, Ki Soo Park, Joo Hyun Sung, Sang Jin Park, Seong-yong Yoon, Kyeongsoo Kim, Dong-phil Choi, Hye-min Kim, Bounggyun Ju, Kanwoo Youn Ann Occup Environ Med.2025; 37: e2. CrossRef
2024년 수도권역 말라리아 환자 및 군집사례 발생 현황 미정 고, 윤정 서, 현미 김, 경원 황 Public Health Weekly Report.2025; 18(47): 1867. CrossRef
Analysis of geometric morphometrics and molecular phylogeny for Anopheles species in the Republic of Korea Jiseung Jeon, Heung Chul Kim, Terry A. Klein, Kwang Shik Choi Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Spatio‐temporal incidence of malaria patients in Incheon Metropolitan City Jung‐A An, Jeong Hyeon Lee, MyungDeok Kim-Jeon, Sung‐Jong Hong, Hyung Wook Kwon Entomological Research.2023; 53(12): 609. CrossRef
The heterogeneity and complexity of malaria involves political and natural environments, socioeconomic development, cross-border movement, and vector biology; factors that cannot be changed in a short time. This study aimed to assess the impact of economic growth and cross-border movement, toward elimination of malaria in Yunnan Province during its pre-elimination phase. Malaria data during 2011-2016 were extracted from 18 counties of Yunnan and from 7 villages, 11 displaced person camps of the Kachin Special Region II of Myanmar. Data of per-capita gross domestic product (GDP) were obtained from Yunnan Bureau of Statistics. Data were analyzed and mapped to determine spatiotemporal heterogeneity at county and village levels. There were a total 2,117 malaria cases with 85.2% imported cases; most imported cases came from Myanmar (78.5%). Along the demarcation line, malaria incidence rates in villages/camps in Myanmar were significantly higher than those of the neighboring villages in China. The spatial and temporal trends suggested that increasing per-capita GDP may have an indirect effect on the reduction of malaria cases when observed at macro level; however, malaria persists owing to complex, multi-faceted factors including poverty at individual level and cross-border movement of the workforce. In moving toward malaria elimination, despite economic growth, cooperative efforts with neighboring countries are critical to interrupt local transmission and prevent reintroduction of malaria via imported cases. Cross-border workers should be educated in preventive measures through effective behavior change communication, and investment is needed in active surveillance systems and novel diagnostic and treatment services during the elimination phase.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Molecular epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile in border areas of Yunnan Province suggests possible transmission routes of the strains Wenpeng Gu, Jiao Gong, Junrong Liang, Xiaofang Zhou, Lulu Bai, Wenzhu Zhang, Senquan Jia, Yongming Zhou, Xiaoqing Fu, Yuan Wu Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2025; 136: 105860. CrossRef
Understanding the impact of mobility on Plasmodium spp. carriage in an Amazon cross-border area with low transmission rate Hélène Tréhard, Lise Musset, Yassamine Lazrek, Felix Djossou, Loïc Epelboin, Emmanuel Roux, Jordi Landier, Jean Gaudart, Emilie Mosnier, André Machado Siqueira PLOS Global Public Health.2024; 4(2): e0002706. CrossRef
Malaria epidemiology, surveillance and response for elimination in Lao PDR Chawarat Rotejanaprasert, Vilayvone Malaphone, Mayfong Mayxay, Keobouphaphone Chindavongsa, Virasack Banouvong, Boualam Khamlome, Phoutnalong Vilay, Viengxay Vanisavaeth, Richard J Maude Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A time-series meta-transcriptomic analysis reveals the seasonal, host, and gender structure of mosquito viromes Yun Feng, Qin-yu Gou, Wei-hong Yang, Wei-chen Wu, Juan Wang, Edward C Holmes, Guodong Liang, Mang Shi Virus Evolution.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Governance Quality, Public Health, Education, and Innovation: Study for Novel Implications Ning Wu Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Effectiveness of indoor residual spraying on malaria control: a systematic review and meta-analysis Yiguo Zhou, Wan-Xue Zhang, Elijah Tembo, Ming-Zhu Xie, Shan-Shan Zhang, Xin-Rui Wang, Ting-Ting Wei, Xin Feng, Yi-Lin Zhang, Juan Du, Ya-Qiong Liu, Xuan Zhang, Fuqiang Cui, Qing-Bin Lu Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Risk factors associated with malaria infection along China–Myanmar border: a case–control study Jian-Wei Xu, Dao-Wei Deng, Chun Wei, Xing-Wu Zhou, Jian-Xiong Li Malaria Journal.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Malaria Research for Tailored Control and Elimination Strategies in the Greater Mekong Subregion Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Liwang Cui, Sirasate Bantuchai, Sadudee Chotirat, Jaranit Kaewkungwal, Amnat Khamsiriwatchara, Kirakorn Kiattibutr, Myat Phone Kyaw, Saranath Lawpoolsri, Nay Yi Yi Linn, Lynette Menezes, Jun Miao, Wang Nguitragool, Daniel Parker, Pa The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2022; 107(4_Suppl): 152. CrossRef
The economic burden of malaria inpatients and its determinants during China's elimination stage Fangfei Chen, Xiaoyu Chen, Peng Gu, Xiaodong Sang, Ruijun Wu, Miaomiao Tian, Yisheng Ye, Chengxu Long, Ghose Bishwajit, Lu Ji, Da Feng, Lei Yang, Shangfeng Tang Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
From control to elimination: a spatial-temporal analysis of malaria along the China-Myanmar border Fang Huang, Li Zhang, Jing-Bo Xue, Hong-Ning Zhou, Aung Thi, Jun Zhang, Shui-Sen Zhou, Zhi-Gui Xia, Xiao-Nong Zhou Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Scabies is a parasitic skin infection with intense itching. Scabies infection seriously impairs quality of life, while outbreaks in medical institutions cause financial losses. This study aimed to present the annual and seasonal trend of prevalence of scabies in the national population. Scabies cases were extracted from National Health Insurance Service database and its epidemiologic characteristics were assessed. To analyze the seasonality of scabies occurrence, temperature and humidity were included in the model as weather factors, and the per capita gross national income index was adjusted. The annual prevalence by age group was 0.56-0.69 per 1,000 persons until the age of 40 years and peaked at 3.0-4.1 per 1,000 persons in the age group over 80 years. The number of women diagnosed with scabies has been consistently higher compared to that of men since 2010. Mean number of cases diagnosed as scabies was lowest in spring, approximately 4,000 cases, when the average temperature was less than 5°C at 2 months prior, whereas more than 6,000 scabies cases occurred in autumn when temperatures exceeded 25°C at 2 months prior. This study presents the epidemiological characteristics and seasonality of all cases nationwide over 8 years and will help to establish control policies.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Scabies increasing incidence in Bologna from 2013 to 2024: a retrospective analysis Corrado Zengarini, Martina Mussi, Michelangelo La Placa, Alessandro Pileri, Anna Lucia Virdi, Marco Chessa, Federico Bardazzi, Carlotta Gurioli, Michela Starace, Valeria Gaspari, Cosimo Misciali, Fortunato Cassalia, Bianca Maria Piraccini, Iria Neri Sexually Transmitted Infections.2025; 101(4): 256. CrossRef
Epidemiological characteristics of patients with scabies at a Korean university hospital: a single-center retrospective study Hye Eun Hwang, Jae Sim Jeong, Yang Ree Kim, Ji young Lee Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2025; 27(1): 133. CrossRef
Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of
scabies in Korea: Part 1. Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis
— a secondary publication Jin Park, Soon-Hyo Kwon, Young Bok Lee, Hei Sung Kim, Jie Hyun Jeon, Gwang Seong Choi The Ewha Medical Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Detecting spatial clusters of human scabies in Tigray, Ethiopia from 2018 to 2023 Akeza Awealom Asgedom, Micheale Hagos Debesay, Chigozie Louisa J. Ugwu, Woldegebriel Assefa Woldegerima BMC Infectious Diseases.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Scabies in 604 Patients: A Glimpse into the Disease Burden and Its Associated Mortality in Hong Kong Pascoe Ao Ting Lee, Samson Sai-Yin Wong, Kenneth Ho Leung Ng Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2024; 9(10): 245. CrossRef
A Survey on Scabies Inpatients in South Korea Based on Health Insurance Claims Data from 2010 to 2019 Hyung-Seon Kim, Jji-Ya Bang, Kyung-Sook Cha Healthcare.2023; 11(6): 841. CrossRef
Epidemiology and pathogenesis of scabies Hye Jung Jung Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2023; 66(12): 701. CrossRef
The History, Domestic and International Epidemiology, and Prospects of Scabies that Need Attention Eunjung Lee, Yae Jee Baek, Jongtak Jung, Tae Hyong Kim Korean Journal of Healthcare-Associated Infection Control and Prevention.2023; 28(2): 210. CrossRef
Scabies incidence and association with skin and soft tissue infection in Loyalty Islands Province, New Caledonia: A 15-year retrospective observational study using electronic health records Yves-Marie Ducrot, Enzo Bruno, Jean-Marc Franco, Loïc Raffray, Samuel Beneteau, Antoine Bertolotti, Michael Marks PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2022; 16(9): e0010717. CrossRef
Increased Scabies Incidence at the Beginning of the 21st Century: What Do Reports from Europe and the World Show? Marija Delaš Aždajić, Iva Bešlić, Ana Gašić, Nikola Ferara, Lovre Pedić, Liborija Lugović-Mihić Life.2022; 12(10): 1598. CrossRef
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Endometriosis as Reasons for Women’s Admission to Outpatient Specialist Care in Poland—A Retrospective Analysis Ewa Rzońca, Arkadiusz Kosowski, Agnieszka Bień, Joanna Gotlib, Arkadiusz Wejnarski, Marta Jarzębowska, Robert Gałązkowski, Patryk Rzońca International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(4): 1442. CrossRef
Risk factors for scabies, tungiasis, and tinea infections among schoolchildren in southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional Bayesian multilevel model Hiwot Hailu Amare, Bernt Lindtjorn, Uwem Friday Ekpo PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2021; 15(10): e0009816. CrossRef
Previous Long-term Care Facility Admission as a Risk Factor for Scabies in a Medical Facility Eunyoung Lee, Se Yoon Park, Eunjung Lee, Tae Hyong Kim Journal of Korean Medical Science.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluación del índice de pobreza hídrica (WPI) en la cuenca de Borujerd-Dorood (Irán) para reforzar los planes de gestión del territorio Mohammadreza Goodarzi, Rabi H. Mohtar, Mahboobeh Kiani-Harchegani, Alireza Faraji, Faeze Mankavi, Jesús Rodrigo-Comino Pirineos.2021; 176: e064. CrossRef
First
Prev
