Warning: mkdir(): Permission denied in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 81
Warning: fopen(upload/ip_log/ip_log_2024-11.txt): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 83
Warning: fwrite() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 84 Protective immunity against Naegleria meningoencephalitis in mice
Protective immunity against Naegleria meningoencephalitis in mice
Soon Gone Lee,Kyung Il Im and Keun Tae Lee
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital, Korea.
Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 120, Korea.
Abstract
This study is to verify the protective ability against experimental Naegleria meningoencephalitis by immunization with Naegleria fowleri in mice. Naegleria fowleri, strain 0359, and Naegleria gruberi, strain EGB, were used in this study, and cultured in CGVS medium axenically. Inbred BALB/c mice, weighing about 20 g, were immunized by three intraperitoneal injection of 1 × 10(6) N. fowleri trophozoites at the interval of one week. This N. fowleri trophozoites antigen was fixed with 5 percent formaldehyde. N. fowleri trophozoites from culture were homogenized with sonicator at 4C as monitored by phase contrast microscopy, and their membrane and cell content preparations were made for the immunization of mice. Their inoculation dose in volume was equivalent to the 1 × 10(6) trophozoites in each injection for immunization. And N. gruberi trophozoites, which was fixed with 5 percent formaldehyde, were also used for immunization. Mice were inoculated intranasally with 5 × 10(4) N. fowleri trophozoites in a 5 µl suspension under anesthesia by as intraperitoneal injection of about l mg secobarbiturate. Nervousness, rotation or sluggish behaviour were observed in the mice which were infected with N. fowleri. Necrotic lesion was demonstrated in the anterior portion of brain, especially in the olfactory lobe. The inflammatory cell infiltration with numerous N. fowleri trophozoites was noticed. This pathological changes were more extensive in the control than in the experimental groups. Mice were dead due to experimental primary amoebic meningoencephalitis that developed between 8 days and 23 days after inoculation. Mortality rate of the mice was low in the immunized experimental group. Mean survival time, which is the survival duration of mice from the infection to death, was prolonged significantly in the immunized mice except in the mice immunized with N. fowleri membrane. Even in the mice immunized with N. gruberi, survival time was delayed. In summary, the effectiveness of immunization is demonstrated in terms of protective immunity against Naegleria meningoencephalitis in mice.
Figures
Fig. 1 Numerous Naegleria fowleri trophozoites with inflammatory cell infiltration are observed in the mouse brain (×500).
Fig. 2 Survival of mice infected with Naegleria fowleri in each control and experimental group, mice immunized with N. fowleri trophozite (Im-Nf), N. fowleri membrane (Im-Nfm), N fowleri cell content (Im-Nfc) and N. gruberi (Im-Ng) by postinfection day.
Tables
Table 1 Mortality and survival time of mice infected with Naegleria fowleri in each control and experimental groups
References
1.
Adams AC, John DT, Bradley SG. Modification of resistance of mice to Naegleria fowleri infections. Infect Immun 1976;13(5):1387–1391.
2.
Butt CG, Baro C, Knorr RW. Naegleria (sp.) identified in amebic encephalitis. Am J Clin Pathol 1968;50(5):568–574.
3.
Carter RF. Sensitivity to amphotericin B of a Naegleria sp. isolated from a case of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. J Clin Pathol 1969;22(4):470–474.
4.
Carter RF. Description of a Naegleria sp. isolated from two cases of primary amoebic meningo-encephalitis, and of the experimental pathological changes induced by it. J Pathol 1970;100(4):217–244.
5.
Cerva L. Experimental infection of laboratory animals by the pathogenic Naegleria gruberi strain Vítek. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 1971;18(2):171–176.
6.
Culbertson CG, Ensminger PW, Overton WM. Pathogenic Naegleria sp.--study of a strain isolated from human cerebrospinal fluid. J Protozool 1968;15(2):353–363.
7.
Culbertson CG. Ann Rev Microbio 1971;25:231–254.
8.
D'Antonio LE, Spira DT, Fu RC, Dagnillo DM, Silverman PH. Malaria resistance: artificial induction with a partially purified plasmodial fraction. Science 1970;168(935):1117–1118.
9.
Derrick EH. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg 1948;42:191–198.
10.
Duxbury RE, Sadun EH. Resistance produced in mice and rats by inoculation with irradiated Trypanosoma rhodesiense. J Parasitol 1969;55(4):859–865.
11.
Haque A, Chassoux D, Ogilvie BM, Capron A. Dipetalonema viteae infection in hamsters: enhancement and suppression of microfilaraemia. Parasitology 1978;76(1):77–84.
12.
Jamieson A. Effect of clotrimazole on Naegleria fowleri. J Clin Pathol 1975;28(6):446–449.
13.
John DT, Weik RR, Adams AC. Immunization of mice against Naegleria fowleri infection. Infect Immun 1977;16(3):817–820.
14.
Krahenbuhl JL, Ruskin J, Remington JS. The use of killed vaccines in immunization against an intracellular parasite: Toxoplasma gondii. J Immunol 1972;108(2):425–431.
15.
Lawande RV. Recovery of soil amoebae from the air during the harmattan in Zaria, Nigeria. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1983;77(1):45–49.
16.
Im KI, Oh HS. [Immunological Tests By Anti-Free-Living Amoebas Serum Produced In Experimental Animals: I. Immobilization Of Free-Living Amoebas In Vitro By Rabbit Antiserum]. Korean J Parasitol 1978;16(1):41–46.
17.
Martinez J, Duma RJ, Nelson EC, Moretta FL. Experimental naegleria meningoencephalitis in mice. Penetration of the olfactory mucosal epithelium by Naegleria and pathologic changes produced: a light and electron microscope study. Lab Invest 1973;29(2):121–133.
18.
Murray M, Robinson PB, Grierson C, Crawford RA. Immunization against Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in the rat. A study on the use of antigen extracted from adult parasites and the parameters which influence the level of protection. Acta Trop 1979;36(4):297–322.
19.
Thong YH, Rowan-Kelly B, Shepherd C, Ferrante A. Growth inhibition of Naegleria fowleri by tetracycline, rifamycin, and miconazole. Lancet 1977;2(8043):876.
20.
Thong YH, Shepherd C, Ferrante A, Rowan-Kelly B. Protective immunity to Naegleria fowleri in experimental amebic meningoencephalitis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1978;27(2 Pt 1):238–240.
21.
Thong YH, Ferrante A, Shepherd C, Rowan-Kelly B. Resistance of mice to Naegleria meningoencephalitis transferred by immune serum. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1978;72(6):650–652.
22.
Ferrante A, Thong YH. Antibody induced capping and endocytosis of surface antigens in Naegleria fowleri. Int J Parasitol 1979;9(6):599–601.
23.
Thong YH, Ferrante A, Rowan-Kelly B, OKeefe D. Immunization with live amoebae, amoebic lysate and culture supernatant in experimental Naegleria meningoencephalitis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1980;74(5):570–576.
24.
Thong YH, Carter RF, Ferrante A, Rowan-Kelly B. Site of expression of immunity to Naegleria fowleri in immunized mice. Parasite Immunol 1983;5(1):67–76.
25.
Wong MM, Karr SL Jr, Balamuth WB. Experimental infections with pathogenic free-living amebae in laboratory primate hosts: I (A) A study on susceptibility to Naegleria fowleri. J Parasitol 1975;61(2):199–208.
PDF Links
Full text via DOI
Download Citation 
