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Original Article

Distribution and Abundance of Opisthorchis viverrini Metacercariae in Cyprinid Fish in Northeastern Thailand

Somchai Pinlaor1,2, Sudarat Onsurathum1,2, Thidarut Boonmars1,2, Porntip Pinlaor2,3, Nuttanan Hongsrichan1,2, Apisit Chaidee1,2, Ornuma Haonon1,2, Wutipong Limviroj1, Smarn Tesana1,2, Sasithorn Kaewkes1,2, Paiboon Sithithaworn1,2
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2013;51(6):703-710.
Published online: December 31, 2013

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Corresponding author (psomec@kku.ac.th)
• Received: May 9, 2013   • Revised: June 12, 2013   • Accepted: October 11, 2013

© 2013, Korean Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Distribution and Abundance of Opisthorchis viverrini Metacercariae in Cyprinid Fish in Northeastern Thailand
Korean J Parasitol. 2013;51(6):703-710.   Published online December 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.703
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Distribution and Abundance of Opisthorchis viverrini Metacercariae in Cyprinid Fish in Northeastern Thailand
Korean J Parasitol. 2013;51(6):703-710.   Published online December 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.703
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Distribution and Abundance of Opisthorchis viverrini Metacercariae in Cyprinid Fish in Northeastern Thailand
Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Distribution of O. viverrini metacercaria (OV MC)-infected fish. Natural fish were obtained from 26 rivers, 10 dams, and 38 ponds/lakes located in 20 provinces in northeastern Thailand. The percentage of positive sites was calculated as described in Materials and Methods. The distribution of OV MC was found to occur in the following order: dams>ponds/lakes>rivers.
Fig. 2 Prevalence of OV MC-infected fish in northeastern Thailand. Natural fish were obtained from 74 bodies of water in various areas of 20 provinces in northeastern Thailand according to the Departments of Prevention and Control of Disease (DPC), DPC5, DPC6, and DPC7. Fish, 5-10 kg, were collected from each province at 2 different seasons of the year, rainy and winter. Fish were digested with 0.25% artificial pepsin and examined for the presence of OV MC. The percentage of OV MC prevalence was calculated from the number of positive sites per number of sites sampled.
Fig. 3 Intensity of OV MC infection in cyprinid fish, by province of Thailand.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Distribution and Abundance of Opisthorchis viverrini Metacercariae in Cyprinid Fish in Northeastern Thailand
Province No. of positive sites/No. of sampling sites
Total no. of positive sites/No. of sampling sites Rivers Dams Ponds/ Lakes Yasothon 0/4 - 2/3 2/7 Ubon Ratchathani - 1/2 - 1/2 Nakhon Ratchasima 0/1 2/2 0/3 2/6 Sakon Nakhon - 1/2 0/1 1/3 Si Sa Ket 0/3 1/1 1/3 2/7 Surin - - 1/2 1/2 Buri Ram - 1/1 0/2 1/3 Amnat Charoen 0/1 - 1/3 1/4 Mukdahan - - 1/4 1/4 Khon Kaen 0/2 1/1 1/1 2/4 Chaiyaphum 0/1 - 2/2 2/3 Nakhon Phanom 1/3 - 0/2 1/5 Nong Khai 1/3 - 0/1 1/4 Roi Et - - 0/3 0/3 Maha Sarakham 0/1 - 0/2 0/3 Kalasin - 0/1 0/1 0/2 Loei 0/1 - - 0/1 Nong Bua Lam Phu 0/1 - - 0/1 Bueng Kan 0/3 - 0/3 0/6 Udon Thani 0/2 - 0/2 0/4 Positive samples/ total samples 2/26 7/10 9/38 18/74 Province Species of fish Habitats Weight (kg) No. of fish OV MC Non OV MC Province Species of fish Habitats Weight (kg) No. of fish OV MC Non OV MC 1. Yasothon Cyclocheilichthys armatus A,B 2.4 193 9 few Puntius orphoides A 0.4 23 0 0 Pristolepis fasciatus B 1 37 0 0 Hampala dispar B 2.5 10 0 few Devario regina A 0.5 69 0 0 Puntioplites proctozysron B 2.1 117 0 0 Osteochilus hasselti B 2.6 26 0 0 9. Mukdahan Henicorhynchus siamensis B 9.7 802 591 few Puntius orphoides B 1 72 0 0 Oreochromis niloticus B 1.6 25 0 0 Cyclocheilichthys armatus B 0.4 28 115 0 Pristolepis fasciatus B 0.2 4 0 0 Henicorhynchus siamensis A,B 15.4 968 0 0 Osteochilus hasselti B 1.8 17 0 0 Chitala ornata B 0.6 8 0 0 2. Ubon Ratchathani Cyclocheilichthys armatus C 3 277 4 few 10. Khon Kaen Hampala dispar C 0.7 10 35 few Osteochilus hasselti C,B 1.8 52 0 0 Hampala dispar C 1 47 0 few Puntioplites proctozysron C 0.8 27 0 0 Henicorhynchus siamensis C 0.5 13 0 few Cyclocheilichthys armatus B 7 525 795 0 Devario regha C 0.5 26 0 many Puntioplites proctozysron C 0.1 2 0 0 Henicorhynchus siamensis B 0.2 4 3 0 Labeo chrysophekadion C 0.6 13 0 0 11. Chaiyaphum Cyclocheilichthys armatus A,B 3.7 197 330 many Barbonymus gonionotus C 0.5 17 0 0 Puntius orphoides B 2 126 0 0 12. Nakhon Phanom Henicorhynchus siamensis A 5.7 447 0 few Rasbora tornieri C 0.6 42 0 0 Pristolepis fasciatus C 0.3 16 0 0 Osteochilus hasselti A 1.2 23 98 few Osteochilus hasselti C 0.1 3 0 0 Hampala dispar B 1.6 42 0 0 Puntius orphoides C 4.2 384 0 0 Puntius orphoides A 2.1 264 0 0 3. Nakhon Ratchasima Puntius orphoides A,B,C 7.7 639 33 many 13. Nong Khai Henicorhynchus siamensis A 4.2 139 0 0 Cyclocheilichthys armatus C 2.8 360 0 many Cyclocheilichthys armatus A 2.1 112 0 0 Hampala dispar B,C 2.1 55 0 0 4. Sakon Nakhon Cyclocheilichthys armatus B,C 4.5 181 14 many Puntioplites proctozysron A 2.7 83 94 0 Hampala dispar B,C 2.6 58 34 0 Hampala dispar B 2.2 21 0 0 Henicorhynchus siamensis B,C 6.1 199 0 0 14. Roi Et Cyclocheilichthys armatus B 3.2 286 0 few Puntius orphoides B,C 0.6 39 0 0 Henicorhynchus siamensis B 6.3 516 0 few Osteochilus hasselti B,C 1.4 44 0 0 5. Si Sa Ket Cyclocheilichthys armatus B,C 9.6 758 2,580 few 15. Maha Sarakham Henicorhynchus siamensis A,B 6.6 228 0 0 Puntius orphoides A 1.2 180 0 0 Cyclocheilichthys armatus A 1 43 0 0 Rasbora tornieri A 1.3 221 0 0 Henicorhynchus siamensis A,C 4.5 195 0 0 Puntioplites proctozysron B 1.8 19 0 0 Devario regina A 2 351 0 0 16. Udon Thani Cyclocheilichthys armatus A,B 2 230 0 few 6. Surin Cyclocheilichthys armatus B 4.9 345 16 few Puntius orphoides B 1 161 0 0 Hampala dispar B 1.9 55 3 0 17. Nong Bua Lam Phu Puntioplites proctozysron A 1.7 55 0 0 Henicorhynchus siamensis B 4.8 422 0 0 Henicorhynchus siamensis A 2.4 32 0 0 Devario regina B 2.2 164 0 0 Barbonymus gonionotus B 2.5 9 0 0 18. Loei Cyclocheilichthys armatus A 0.9 20 0 0 7. Buri Ram Cyclocheilichthys armatus C 1.4 41 12 many 19. Bueng Kan Cyclocheilichthys armatus A,B 2.1 152 0 0 Hampala dispar C 1.5 5 0 many Puntius orphoides B 1.9 195 0 0 Henicorhynchus siamensis B,B 4.5 143 0 0 Hampala dispar B 1.2 16 0 0 Osteochilus hasselti A 1.6 32 0 0 Barbonymus gonionotus C 2.5 7 0 0 Puntioplites proctozysron A 1.6 81 0 few 8. Amnat Charoen Hampala dispar B 1.9 8 52 0 20. Kalasin Cyclocheilichthys armatus B,C 7 650 0 0 Henicorhynchus siamensis A 1.3 164 0 few Hampala dispar B,C 4 188 0 0 Cyclocheilichthys armatus A,B 0.8 32 0 few Total 214.5 12,890 4,818
Table 1. The number of positive regions for O. viverrini metacercariae-infected fish per sampling region in 20 provinces of northeastern Thailand
Table 2. Species of fish, habitat of collection, weight, number of fish, and number of O. viverrini metacercariae (OV MC)-infected fish in 13 positive provinces in Thailand

A, B, and C refer to river, ponds/lakes, and dam, respectively.

Few=less than 100 cysts; Many=more than 100 cysts.

Table 1.

Table 2.

PHD : Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

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