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Original Article

Tamoxifen Induces Apoptosis of Leishmania major Promastigotes in Vitro

Masoud Doroodgar1, Mahdi Delavari2, Moein Doroodgar1, Ali Abbasi2, Ali Akbar Taherian3, Abbas Doroodgar2,*
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2016;54(1):9-14.
Published online: February 26, 2016

1School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR. 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2Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR. 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*Corresponding author (adoroudgar@gmail.com)
• Received: March 31, 2015   • Revised: August 15, 2015   • Accepted: August 31, 2015

© 2016, Korean Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Tamoxifen Induces Apoptosis of Leishmania major Promastigotes in Vitro
Korean J Parasitol. 2016;54(1):9-14.   Published online February 26, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.9
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Tamoxifen Induces Apoptosis of Leishmania major Promastigotes in Vitro
Korean J Parasitol. 2016;54(1):9-14.   Published online February 26, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.9
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Tamoxifen Induces Apoptosis of Leishmania major Promastigotes in Vitro
Image Image
Fig. 1. Percentage of live promastigotes after treatment with different concentrations of tamoxifen and incubation times.
Fig. 2. Flow cytometry results showing early and late apoptosis as well as necrotic cells after treatment with various concentrations of tamoxifen for 24 or 48 hr.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Tamoxifen Induces Apoptosis of Leishmania major Promastigotes in Vitro
Drug concentration (µg/ml) Promastigotes no. ( × 106)
24 hr 48 hr 72 hr
Tamoxifen 1 0.95 ± 0.08 0.56 ± 0.07 0.27 ± 0.01
Tamoxifen 5 0.28 ± 0.02 0.06 ± 0.04 0.05 ± 0.01
Tamoxifen 10 0.26 ± 0.01 0.01 ± 0.02 0
Tamoxifen 20 0.14 ± 0.03 0.01 ± 0.02 0
Tamoxifen 50 0.06 ± 0.02 0 0
Glucantime 50 0.74 ± 0.05 0.4 ± 0.05 0.22 ± 0.1
Glucantime 100 0.54 ± 0.09 0.31 ± 0.05 0.17 ± 0.09
Glucantime 200 0.51 ± 0.03 0.28 ± 0.05 0.1 ± 0.01
Glucantime 400 0.12 ± 0.01 0.08 ± 0.05 0
Control 1.07 ± 0.1 1.1 ± 0.06 1.28 ± 0.04
Drug concentration (µg/ml) Amastigotes no. in macrophages
24 hr 48 hr
Tamoxifen 1 4.2 ± 0.14 3.5 ± 0.13
Tamoxifen 5 3.3 ± 0.15 2.2 ± 0.12
Tamoxifen 10 2.1 ± 0.12 1.1 ± 0.15
Tamoxifen 20 0.5 ± 0.21 0.2 ± 0.18
Tamoxifen 50 0 0
Glucantime 50 4.5 ± 0.09 3.1 ± 0.16
Glucantime 100 3.2 ± 0.18 2.6 ± 0.17
Glucantime 200 1.3 ± 0.15 0.78 ± 0.11
Glucantime 400 0.35 ± 0.10 0.2 ± 0.22
Control 6.2 ± 1.4 6.8 ± 1.1
Drug concentration (µg/ml) Cell viability (%)
24 hr 48 hr 72 hr
Tamoxifen 1 76 53 33
Tamoxifen 5 58 47 24
Tamoxifen 10 45 36 26
Tamoxifen 20 38 21 16.8
Tamoxifen 50 24.2 20.3 15.9
Glucantime 50 68 56 47
Glucantime 100 52 49 36.6
Glucantime 200 39 33 25.1
Glucantime 400 25.2 22.4 21
Tamoxifen (µg/ml) Apoptosis (%)
24 hr 48 hr
1 10.8 16.0
5 15.3 39.8
10 18.6 42.7
20 23.2 47.8
50 51.8 59.7
Control 0.61 2.0
Table 1. Number (mean±SD) of promastigotes after adding tamoxifen or glucantime
Table 2. Number (mean±SD) of amastigotes after adding tamoxifen or glucantime
Table 3. Percentage of live promastigotes after treatment with tamoxifen or glucantime
Table 4. Percentage of programmed cell death (early and late apoptosis) at 24 hr and 48 hr after addition of various concentrations of tamoxifen

Table 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 4.

PHD : Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

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