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Original Article

In Vitro and in Vivo Effects of Nitrofurantoin on Experimental Toxoplasmosis

Seon-Ju Yeo1, ChunMei Jin2, SungYeon Kim3, Hyun Park1,*
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2016;54(2):155-161.
Published online: April 30, 2016

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*Corresponding author (hyunpk@wku.ac.kr)
• Received: January 27, 2016   • Revised: March 10, 2016   • Accepted: March 13, 2016

© 2016, Korean Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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In Vitro and in Vivo Effects of Nitrofurantoin on Experimental Toxoplasmosis
Korean J Parasitol. 2016;54(2):155-161.   Published online April 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.2.155
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In Vitro and in Vivo Effects of Nitrofurantoin on Experimental Toxoplasmosis
Korean J Parasitol. 2016;54(2):155-161.   Published online April 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.2.155
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In Vitro and in Vivo Effects of Nitrofurantoin on Experimental Toxoplasmosis
Image Image Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1. The chemical structure of nitrofurantoin.
Fig. 2. The effect of nitrofurantoin on cell proliferation after infection with T. gondii by MTS assay in HeLa cells. The data are presented as means±SD. The experiments were performed in triplicate. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student’s t-test. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, and ***P<0.001 were considered significant relative to the negative control.
Fig. 3. Number of tachyzoites in the mouse peritoneal cavity. After mice were infected with T. gondii (105/mouse) for 2 hr, the negative-control, positive-control, and nitrofurantoin-treated groups were treated orally by gavage once per day for 4 days with water, 20 mg/kg pyrimethamine, or nitrofurantoin (20, 50, and 100 mg/kg), respectively. All mice were sacrificed 4 days post infection, and tachyzoites were harvested from peritoneal cavities (5 mice/group). **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 were considered significant compared to the negative control.
Fig. 4. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in ICR mice after treatment with T. gondii, nitrofurantoin, and pyrimethamine. Mice received an abdominal cavity injection with tachyzoites. After infection for 2 hr, negative-control, positive-control, and drug-treated groups were orally administered 300 μl water, pyrimethamine, and nitrofurantoin, respectively, once per day for 4 days. The serum levels of AST and ALT were determined by a colorimetric assay. The values are means±SD (n=5), and the data were analyzed by Student’s t-test. *P<0.05 and ***P<0.001 were considered significant relative to the negative-control group.
Fig. 5. Effects of nitrofurantoin on malondialdehyde levels in livers of female ICR mice. The malondialdehyde content of the liver was determined after 4 days of treatment. The values are means±SD (n=5), and the data were analyzed by Student’s t-test. ***P<0.001 was considered significant relative to the negative-control group.
Fig. 6. Effects of nitrofurantoin on glutathione levels in the livers of female ICR mice. The total glutathione content of the liver was determined after 4 days of treatment. The values are means±SD (n=5), and the data were analyzed by Student’s t-test. **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 were considered significant compared with the negative-control group.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 6.

In Vitro and in Vivo Effects of Nitrofurantoin on Experimental Toxoplasmosis
EC50 in HeLa cells (μM) EC50 in T. gondii (μM) Selectivity
Nitrofurantoin 33.1 14.7 2.3
Pyrimethamine 760 850 0.9
Table 1. Selectivity of nitrofurantoin in HeLa cells

Table 1.

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