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Original Article

Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Raillietina spp. (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea: Davaineidae) from Domestic Chickens in Thailand

Preeyaporn Butboonchoo1, Chalobol Wongsawad1,2,*, Amnat Rojanapaibul1, Jong-Yil Chai3,4
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2016;54(6):777-786.
Published online: December 31, 2016

1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand

2The Applied Technology for Biodiversity Research Unit, Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand

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*Corresponding author (wchalobol@gmail.com)
• Received: June 7, 2016   • Revised: September 11, 2016   • Accepted: September 26, 2016

Copyright © 2016 by The Korean Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Raillietina spp. (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea: Davaineidae) from Domestic Chickens in Thailand
Korean J Parasitol. 2016;54(6):777-786.   Published online December 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.6.777
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Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Raillietina spp. (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea: Davaineidae) from Domestic Chickens in Thailand
Korean J Parasitol. 2016;54(6):777-786.   Published online December 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.6.777
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Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Raillietina spp. (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea: Davaineidae) from Domestic Chickens in Thailand
Image Image Image Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Morphology of Raillietina echinobothrida. (A) Scolex bearing the rostellum (R) surrounded by 4 nearly round suckers (S). (B) Large hammer-shaped hook. (C) Mature proglottid showing unilateral opening of the genital pore (GP). (D) Gravid proglottid showing several eggs (E) per egg capsule (EC).
Fig. 2 Morphology of Raillietina tetragona. (A) Scolex bearing the rostellum (R) surrounded by 4 ovoid suckers (S). (B) Small hammer-shaped hook. (C) Mature proglottid showing unilateral opening of the genital pore (GP). (D) Gravid proglottid showing several eggs (E) per egg capsule (EC).
Fig. 3 Morphology of Raillietina cesticillus. (A) Scolex bearing the rostellum (R) surrounded by 4 unarmed round suckers (S). (B) Large hammer-shaped hook. (C) Mature proglottid showing irregularly alternating opening of the genital pore (GP). (D) Gravid proglottid showing a single egg (E) per egg capsule (EC).
Fig. 4 Morphology of Raillietina sp. (A) Scolex bearing the rostellum (R) surrounded by 4 round suckers (S). (B) Small hammer-shaped hook. (C) Mature proglottid showing unilateral opening of the genital pore (GP). (D) Gravid proglottid showing a single egg (E) per egg capsule (EC).
Fig. 5 SEM micrographs of 4 Raillietina species. (A) R. echinobothrida. (B) R. tetragona. (C) R. cesticillus. (D) Raillietina sp. (A1, B1, C1, D1) Scolex bearing the apical rostellum surrounded by 4 suckers. (A2, B2, D2) Rostellar opening revealing several scale-like spines along the edge. (C2) Rostellar opening revealing the smooth surface. (A3, B3, C3, D3) Strobila showing numerous pores on the surface.
Fig. 6 Neighbor-joining (NJ) and maximum-likelihood (ML) bootstrap consensus tree with 1,000 bootstrap replicates of ITS2.
Fig. 7 Neighbor-joining (NJ) and maximum-likelihood (ML) bootstrap consensus tree with 1,000 bootstrap replicates of ND1.

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Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Raillietina spp. (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea: Davaineidae) from Domestic Chickens in Thailand

Helminth species used in this study and GenBank accession numbers for their corresponding ITS2 sequence

Species Host Country GenBank accession no. Family
Raillietina echinobothridaa Gallus gallus domesticus Thailand - Davaineidae
Raillietina tetragonaa Gallus gallus domesticus Thailand - Davaineidae
Raillietina cesticillusa Gallus gallus domesticus Thailand - Davaineidae
Raillietina sp.a Gallus gallus domesticus Thailand - Davaineidae
Raillietina australis Dromaius novaehollandiae Australia AY382317 Davaineidae
Raillietina chiltoni Dromaius novaehollandiae Australia AY382319 Davaineidae
Raillietina beveridgei Dromaius novaehollandiae Australia AY382318 Davaineidae
Raillietina dromaius Dromaius novaehollandiae Australia AY382320 Davaineidae
Taenia saginata Cattle China AY825542 Taeniidae
Taenia pisiformis Rabbit China JX317675 Taeniidae
Taenia hydatigena Dog China FJ886761 Taeniidae
Hymenolepis diminuta Mouse Japan AB494474 Hymenolepididae
Hymenolepis nana Mouse Mexico HM536189 Hymenolepididae
Hymenolepis microstoma Hmic Japan AB494478 Hymenolepididae
Diphyllobothrium nihonkaienseb Homo sapiens Japan AB288369 Diphyllobothriidae

Helminth species used in this study and GenBank accession numbers for their corresponding ND1 sequence

Species Host Country GenBank accession no. Family
Raillietina echinobothridaa Gallus gallus domesticus Thailand - Davaineidae
Raillietina tetragonaa Gallus gallus domesticus Thailand - Davaineidae
Raillietina cesticillusa Gallus gallus domesticus Thailand - Davaineidae
Raillietina sp.a Gallus gallus domesticus Thailand - Davaineidae
Raillietina sonini Dendrocopos syriacus Bulgaria EU665490 Davaineidae
Raillietina sp.3 Picoides pubescens USA EU665489 Davaineidae
Raillietina sp.2 Picoides villosus USA EU665488 Davaineidae
Raillietina tunetensis Leptotila verreauxi Costa Rica EU665487 Davaineidae
Raillietina sp.1 Crax rubra Costa Rica EU665486 Davaineidae
Raillietina australis Dromaius novaehollandiae Australia EU665484 Davaineidae
Taenia saginata Homo sapiens Kenya AM503345 Taeniidae
Taenia hydatigena Dog China HQ204207 Taeniidae
Taenia crassiceps Canis lupus France JN849401 Taeniidae
Taenia regis Panthera leo Kenya AM503348 Taeniidae
Hymenolepis diminuta Rattus rattus Spain HM149291 Hymenolepididae
Hymenolepis sp. Microtus socialis Kazakhstan HM149292 Hymenolepididae
Diphyllobothrium nihonkaienseb Canis lupus Canada HQ423296 Diphyllobothriidae

aQuery sequence generated.

bUsed as out group.

Comparative morphology of Raillietina spp. found in domestic chickens in Thailand

Raillietina echinobothrida Raillietina tetragona Raillietina cesticillus Raillietina sp.
LM observation
 Scolex shape round ovoid nearly round round
 Rostellum armed armed armed armed
 Rostellar hook
  Row 2 1 2 2
  Shape hammer-shaped hammer-shaped hammer-shaped hammer-shaped
 Sucker shape nearly round-shaped (armed) ovoid-shaped (armed) unarmed round-shaped (armed)
 genital pore opening unilateral unilateral irregularly alternating unilateral
 Position of genital porea P A A A
 Number of egg/capsule 8–12 6–12 1 1
SEM observation
 Rostellar opening surface scale-like spines scale-like spines smooth scale-like spines
 Strobila surface pores pores pores pores

aPosition of genital pore: P=posterior to middle portion of each segment margin, A=anterior to middle portion of each segment margin.

Table 1 Helminth species used in this study and GenBank accession numbers for their corresponding ITS2 sequence
Table 2 Helminth species used in this study and GenBank accession numbers for their corresponding ND1 sequence

Query sequence generated.

Used as out group.

Table 3 Comparative morphology of Raillietina spp. found in domestic chickens in Thailand

Position of genital pore: P=posterior to middle portion of each segment margin, A=anterior to middle portion of each segment margin.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

PHD : Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

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