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Original Article

High Frequency of Enteric Protozoan, Viral, and Bacterial Potential Pathogens in Community-Acquired Acute Diarrheal Episodes: Evidence Based on Results of Luminex Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel Assay

Yousry A. Hawash1,2,*, Khadiga A. Ismail1,3, Mazen Almehmadi1
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2017;55(5):513-521.
Published online: October 31, 2017

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*Corresponding author (yousryhawash@gmail.com)
• Received: July 7, 2017   • Revised: September 5, 2017   • Accepted: September 24, 2017

Copyright © 2017 by The Korean Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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High Frequency of Enteric Protozoan, Viral, and Bacterial Potential Pathogens in Community-Acquired Acute Diarrheal Episodes: Evidence Based on Results of Luminex Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel Assay
Korean J Parasitol. 2017;55(5):513-521.   Published online October 31, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.5.513
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High Frequency of Enteric Protozoan, Viral, and Bacterial Potential Pathogens in Community-Acquired Acute Diarrheal Episodes: Evidence Based on Results of Luminex Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel Assay
Korean J Parasitol. 2017;55(5):513-521.   Published online October 31, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.5.513
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High Frequency of Enteric Protozoan, Viral, and Bacterial Potential Pathogens in Community-Acquired Acute Diarrheal Episodes: Evidence Based on Results of Luminex Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel Assay
Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Saudi Arabia map showing the location of Taif region and the nearby cities.
Fig. 2 The results of xTAG GPP assay of 163 diarrheal stool samples.
Fig. 3 Distribution of gastrointestinal pathogens (mono-infections and co-infections) relative to the patients’ age groups.
Fig. 4 Monthly distribution of the detected gastrointestinal pathogens.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

High Frequency of Enteric Protozoan, Viral, and Bacterial Potential Pathogens in Community-Acquired Acute Diarrheal Episodes: Evidence Based on Results of Luminex Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel Assay

Distribution of GI pathogens (mono-infection and co-infections) relative to the patients’ age groups

GI Pathogens Age (year) groups Total P-value
0–4 (n=36) 5–19 (n=40) 20–40 (n=48) >40 (n=39)
Mono- Co- Mono- Co- Mono- Co- Mono- Co- Mono- Co- Total
G. duodenalis 9 3 5 3 2 2 2 1 18 9 27 0.006 sig
Cryptosporidium 6 1 4 0 1 1 1 0 12 2 14 0.036 sig
E. histolytica 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 4 0 4 0.463
Salmonella 0 0 0 1 2 0 2 0 4 1 5 0.673
Shigella 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 2 0.273
E. coli 0157 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 3 3 0.173
STEC 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 1 1 4 5 0.683
ETEC 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 4 4 0.463
Campylobacter 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 4 4 0.653
Rotavirus 16 3 7 1 1 1 3 0 27 5 32 <0.001 HS
Adenovirus 0 2 3 0 1 0 1 0 5 2 7 0.573
Total 31 10 21 11 9 11 10 4 71 36a 107 0.930

G. duodenalis, Giardia duodenalis; E. coli 0157, Escherichia coli O157; STEC, Shiga-like toxin producing E. coli stx1/stx2; ETEC, Enterotoxigenic E. coli LT/ST; mono-, mono-infection; Co-, co-infections; sig, statistically-significant (the P-value was calculated according to the chi-square score); HS, highly significant.

aDifferent enteropathogens were concomitantly diagnosed in just 16 episodes (12 as double infections and 4 as multiple infections).

The monthly distribution of the detected GI pathogens

GI pathogen Study duration Total (163)
2016 2017
Mar (14) Apr (13) May (13) Jun (14) Jul (12) Aug (14) Sep (13) Oct (11) Nov (15) Dec (14) Jan (14) Feb (16)
G. duodenalis 5 4 3 1 1 1 3 2 2 1 2 2 27
Cryptosporidium spp. 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 - 1 1 - 1 14
E. histolytica - 1 - 1 - 1 - - - 1 - - 4
Salmonella spp. 1 - 1 - 2 - - 1 - - - - 5
Shigella spp. - - - - - 2 - - - - - - 2
E. coli 0157 - 1 - 1 - - - - - - 1 - 3
STEC - - - - 2 2 - 1 - - - 5
ETEC - - - 1 2 - - - - 1 - 4
Campylobacter spp. - - - - 1 - 1 - 2 - - - 4
Rotavirus 9 4 2 1 4 3 1 2 1 1 3 1 32
Adenovirus 1 - 3 - - 1 - - 1 - - 1 7
Total 19 12 10 6 12 11 8 5 8 4 7 5 107a

aIncluding mixed infections that were displayed in 16 samples

Table 1 Distribution of GI pathogens (mono-infection and co-infections) relative to the patients’ age groups

G. duodenalis, Giardia duodenalis; E. coli 0157, Escherichia coli O157; STEC, Shiga-like toxin producing E. coli stx1/stx2; ETEC, Enterotoxigenic E. coli LT/ST; mono-, mono-infection; Co-, co-infections; sig, statistically-significant (the P-value was calculated according to the chi-square score); HS, highly significant.

Different enteropathogens were concomitantly diagnosed in just 16 episodes (12 as double infections and 4 as multiple infections).

Table 2 The monthly distribution of the detected GI pathogens

Including mixed infections that were displayed in 16 samples

Table 1

Table 2

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