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Original Article

Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ixodid Ticks from Poyang Lake Region, Southeastern China

Wei Qing Zheng1, Xue Nan Xuan2, Ren Long Fu1, Hui Ying Tao1, Yang Qing Liu1, Xiao Qing Liu1, Dong Mei Li3, Hong Mei Ma1, Hai Ying Chen1,*
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2018;56(6):589-596.
Published online: December 31, 2018

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*Corresponding author (nccdcchy@126.com)
• Received: August 30, 2018   • Revised: October 9, 2018   • Accepted: October 27, 2018

Copyright © 2018 by The Korean Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ixodid Ticks from Poyang Lake Region, Southeastern China
Korean J Parasitol. 2018;56(6):589-596.   Published online December 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.6.589
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Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ixodid Ticks from Poyang Lake Region, Southeastern China
Korean J Parasitol. 2018;56(6):589-596.   Published online December 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.6.589
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Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ixodid Ticks from Poyang Lake Region, Southeastern China
Image Image
Fig. 1 Phylogenetic tree of Rickettsia spp. based on gltA gene. The trees were calculated by the neighbor-joining method using MEGA v.7.0.26 software. Values of the bootstrap support of the particular branching calculated for 1,000 replicated are indicated at the nodes. The variant sequences obtained from GenBank are designated by accession number and species. Rickettsia australis is used as outgroup. (●) denotes sequences of R. slovaca or R. raoultii related genospecies obtained in the study.
Fig. 2 Molecular phylogenetic tree of the Borrelia agent. The aligned nucleotide sequence of flagellin gene was subjected to analysis. Bootstrap 1,000 replicates are showed at the nodes. Scale bars indicate nucleotide substitutions per sites. Borrelia sinica is used as outgroups. (▲) prior to accession numbers are the sequences in the study.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ixodid Ticks from Poyang Lake Region, Southeastern China

Location and vegetation type of 12 plots sampled in this study

Location Geographic coordinates Vegetation type Year surveyed
Anyi N 28.6173°, W 115.5423° G, S, W 2014, 2015
Wanli N 28.8400°, W 115.7589° W 2014
Xinjian N 28.9800°, W 115.9154° G 2014
Qingyunpu N 28.6389°, W 115.9127° G 2013, 2014
Duchang N 29.2542°, W 116.1946° W 2015
Hukou N 29.7469°, W 116.2330° W 2015
Wuning N 29.2574°, W 115.0986° G, S 2015
Poyang N 29.0000°, W 116.6730° G 2015
Wannian N 28.6899°, W 116.9728° W 2015
Wuyuan N 29.2709°, W 117.75793° G, S, W 2015
Yichun city N 27.5914°, W 114.3252° G, S, W 2015
Xingan N 27.7327°, W 115.3791° G, S, W 2015

W, woodland; S, shrubs; G, grassland.

Summary of species and number of ticks collected from hosts and by flagging over vegetation cover

Vegetation covers/Animal hosts Tick species No. of ticks collected Densitya
L N A
Woodland (a=800 m2) Haemaphysalis longicornis 0 0 2M 0.0038
Dermacentor auratus 0 0 1M
Grassland (a=800 m2) H. longicornis 3 34 5M6F 0.06
Subtotal (a=1,600 m2) - 3 34 8M6F 0.032
Canis familiaris (n=24) H. longicornis 0 5 4M25F 1.79
R. sanguineus 0 0 1M8F
Capra aegagrus hircus (n=44) H. longicornis 0 2 0 0.80
Haemaphysalis flava 2 2 3M1F
Rhipicephalus microplus 0 8 6M11F
Bos spp. (n=13) H. longicornis 1 8 0 4.31
R. microplus 0 20 8M19F
Bubalus bubalis (n=7) H. longicornis 0 0 1F 1
R. microplus 0 0 5F
Amblyomma testudinarium 0 0 1F
Phasianus colchicus (n=5) Haemaphysalis phasiana 0 5 0 1
Lepus sinensis (n=22) H. longicornis 57 12 5M1F 3.77
Ixodes acuminatus 0 0 1F
Ixodes sinensis 0 0 2M2F
Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides 3 0 0
Erinaceidae (n=3) H. flava 0 1 3M9F 4.33
Apodemus agrarius (n=206) Ixodes granulatus 0 0 1M4F 0.02
Rattus norvegicus (n=95) I. granulatus 0 0 3M1F 0.04
Rattus rattoides (n=8) I. granulatus 0 5 2M 0.88
Equus ferus (n=6) H. longicornis 0 0 1F 0.17
Gallus gallus domesticus (n=30) H. longicornis 1 0 0 0.03
Subtotal (n=463) - 64 68 38M90F 0.56
Total (n=463; a=1,600 m2) - 67 102 46M96F -

L, larvae; N, nymph; A, adult; M, male; F, female.

aTick population density is denoted as ticks/hosts for ticks on hosts, ticks/m2 for ticks collected from vegetation covers.

Pathogen infection rates in ticks collected in Poyang Lake region

Tick species (number collected) Borrelia Rickettsia Protozoa Protozoa+Rickettsia Infection rate (%) χ2 P-value
Haemaphysalis longicornis (n=173) 0 4 (2.31) 1 (0.58) 1 (0.58) 4 (2.31) 61.24 <0.001
Ixodes granulatus (n=16) 3 (18.75) 0 0 0 3 (18.75)
Haemaphysalis flava (n=21) 0 11 (52.38) 10 (47.62) 10 (47.62) 11 (52.38)
Rhipicephalus microplus (n=77) 0 0 4 (5.19) 0 4 (5.19)
Haemaphysalis phasiana (n=5) 0 0 0 0
Ixodes acuminatus (n=1) 0 0 0 0
Rhipicephalus sanguineus (n=9) 0 0 0 0
Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides (n=3) 0 0 0 0
Ixodes sinensis (n=4) 0 0 0 0
Amblyomma testudinarium (n=1) 0 0 0 0
Dermacentor auratus (n=1) 0 0 0 0

Comparison of difference of collected ticks and positive rates of pathogens among ticks by life stage, host species and vegetation type

Group Sampled ticks Positive ticks χ2 P-value
No. %
Life stage Larvae 67 1 1.49 10.12 0.018
Nymph 102 3 2.94
Male 46 5 10.87
Female 96 13 13.54
Vegetation type Grassland 48 2 4.17 1.37 0.24
woodland 3 0 0.00
Host Muridae 16 3 18.75 108.44 <0.001
Canis familiaris 43 2 4.65
Capra aegagrus hircus 35 4 11.43
Lepus sinensis 83 0 0.00
Erinaceidae 13 11 84.62
Bubalus bubalis 7 0 0.00
Bos spp. 56 0 0.00
Phasianus colchicus 5 0 0.00
Vegetation vs host Vegetation 51 2 3.92 0.44 0.51
Host 260 20 7.69

Pathogens in ticks collected from different hosts in different locations

Pathogens Ticks species (No. positive) Host species Sampling site GenBank accession No.
Borrelia B. yangtzensis I. granulatus (1♂1♀) R. norvegicus Anyi MG717514-MG717515
I. granulatus (1N) R. rattoides Anyi MG717513
Rickettsia R. raoultii or R. slovaca related genospecies H. longicornis (2♀) Canis familiaris Xinjian, Poyang MG717517, MG717523
H. longicornis (1♀) Grassland Qingyunpu MG717516
H. flava (1N3♂1♀) Erinaceidae Hukou MG717518-MG717522
H. flava (1♂5♀) Erinaceidae Hukou MG717524-MG717529
Rickettsia sp. H. longicornis (1L) Grassland Qingyunpu -
Protozoa Babesia vogeli H. flava (1♂) Erinaceidae Hukou MG675580
Babesia sp. H. flava (9♀) Erinaceidae Hukou -
R. microplus (1N3♀) Capra aegagrus hircus Yichun -
Hepatozoon canis or Hepatozoon felis related genospecies H. longicornis (1♀) Grassland Qingyunpu MG675579
Table 1 Location and vegetation type of 12 plots sampled in this study

W, woodland; S, shrubs; G, grassland.

Table 2 Summary of species and number of ticks collected from hosts and by flagging over vegetation cover

L, larvae; N, nymph; A, adult; M, male; F, female.

Tick population density is denoted as ticks/hosts for ticks on hosts, ticks/m2 for ticks collected from vegetation covers.

Table 3 Pathogen infection rates in ticks collected in Poyang Lake region
Table 4 Comparison of difference of collected ticks and positive rates of pathogens among ticks by life stage, host species and vegetation type
Table 5 Pathogens in ticks collected from different hosts in different locations

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

PHD : Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

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