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Comprehensive Account on Prevalence and Characteristics of Hydatid Cysts in Livestock from Pakistan
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Original Article

Comprehensive Account on Prevalence and Characteristics of Hydatid Cysts in Livestock from Pakistan

Naunain Mehmood1, Muhammad Arshad1, Haroon Ahmed2, Sami Simsek3,*, Hira Muqaddas1,4
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2020;58(2):121-127.
Published online: April 30, 2020

1Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan

2Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan

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*Corresponding author: (ssimsek@firat.edu.tr)
• Received: September 16, 2019   • Revised: November 9, 2019   • Accepted: December 23, 2019

Copyright © 2020 by The Korean Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Comprehensive Account on Prevalence and Characteristics of Hydatid Cysts in Livestock from Pakistan
Korean J Parasitol. 2020;58(2):121-127.   Published online April 30, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.2.121
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Comprehensive Account on Prevalence and Characteristics of Hydatid Cysts in Livestock from Pakistan
Korean J Parasitol. 2020;58(2):121-127.   Published online April 30, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.2.121
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Comprehensive Account on Prevalence and Characteristics of Hydatid Cysts in Livestock from Pakistan
Image
Fig. 1 Map shows sampling locations and number of infected animals at each location in Pakistan.

Fig. 1

Comprehensive Account on Prevalence and Characteristics of Hydatid Cysts in Livestock from Pakistan

Prevalence of hydatid cysts in different intermediate hosts and cities in Pakistan

Animal hosts and cities Examined No. Prevalence (%)
Sheep 991 11.5
Goat 1,478 3.6
Cattle 1,602 8.9
Buffalo 1,343 11.9
Quetta 147 17.6
Larkana 694 9.6
Lahore 1,228 6.6
Multan 1,179 8.9
Sargodha 857 5.6
Rawalpindi 790 9.3
Peshawar 519 13.2
Total 5,414 8.7

Prevalence of hydatid cysts in different age group and gender of host species

Age group (yr) Sheep Goat Cattle Buffalo Overall Prevalence (%) Intensity of infection Mean±SEM
Examined No. Infected No. Examined No. Infected No. Examined No. Infected No. Examined No. Infected No.
<1-≤2 383 11 418 3 473 8 392 17 2.3 1.00±0.00
>2-≤3 265 15 408 9 417 22 396 25 4.7 1.00±0.00
>3-≤5 191 31 398 15 379 46 317 37 10.0 2.17±0.18
>5 152 57 254 27 333 67 238 82 23.8 9.78±0.49
Male 838 81 1,406 38 1,485 105 1,162 109 6.8 2.78±0.18
Female 153 33 72 16 117 38 181 52 26.5 12.53±0.67

Seasonal prevalence and intensity of hydatid cysts by host species

Animal speciesa Seasona Examined No. Prevalence (%) Intensity of infectiona Mean±SEM
Sheep Spring 198 15.6 9.75±1.61
Summer 256 15.2 6.35±1.06
Autumn 231 10.8 6.12±1.24
Winter 306 6.2 2.89±0.54
Goat Spring 361 4.1 6.6±1.48
Summer 378 5.3 8.65±1.55
Autumn 382 3.9 3.60±1.10
Winter 377 1.1 1.00±0.00
Cattle Spring 375 10.9 7.51±1.47
Summer 314 13.4 8.69±1.24
Autumn 412 9.5 1.94±0.40
Winter 501 4.2 1.95±0.52
Buffalo Spring 388 15.9 6.45±0.88
Summer 345 15.1 4.96±0.83
Autumn 318 9.8 3.35±0.73
Winter 292 5.4 1.31±0.31

aχ2=3.90, P=0.91.

Organ predilection, form of hydatid cysts and number of multiple cysts in different host species

Animalsa Examined organsa No. of infected organsa (%) Form of cysts in infected organs No. of cysts
Single (%) Multiple (%) <10 cysts (%) >10 cysts (%)
Sheep Liver 39 (34.2) 31 (79.4) 8 (20.5) 35 (89.7) 4 (10.2)
Lungs 42 (36.8) 11 (26.1) 31 (73.8) 31 (73.8) 11 (26.2)
Concurrent 29 (25.4) - 29 (100.0) 24 (82.8) 5 (17.2)
Others* 4 (3.5) - 4 (100.0) 4 (100.0) -
Totalb 114 42 (36.8) 72 (63.1) 94 (82.5) 20 (17.5)
Goat Liver 37 (68.5) 20 (54.0) 17 (45.9) 29 (78.3) 8 (21.6)
Lungs 12 (22.2) 5 (41.6) 7 (58.3) 9 (75.0) 3 (25.0)
Concurrent 4 (7.4) - 4 (100.0) 3 (75.0) 1 (75.0)
Others* 1 (1.8) 1 (100.0) - 1 (100.0) -
Totalc 54 26 (48.1) 28 (51.8) 42 (77.7) 12 (22.2)
Cattle Liver 67 (46.8) 42 (62.6) 25 (37.3) 48 (71.6) 19 (28.4)
Lungs 40 (27.9) 28 (70.0) 12 (30.0) 31 (77.5) 9 (22.5)
Concurrent 21 (14.6) - 21 (100.0) 17 (80.9) 4 (19.0)
Others* 15 (10.4) 11 (73.3) 4 (26.6) 15 (100.0) -
Totald 143 81 (56.6) 62 (44.3) 111 (77.6) 32 (22.3)
Buffalo Liver 74 (45.9) 59 (79.7) 15 (20.2) 66 (89.2) 8 (10.8)
Lungs 64 (39.7) 39 (60.9) 25 (39.1) 51 (79.7) 13 (20.3)
Concurrent 19 (11.8) - 19 (100.0) 11 (57.9) 8 (42.1)
Others* 4 (2.4) 3 (75.0) 1 (25.0) 4 (100.0) -
Totale 161 101 (62.7) 60 (37.2) 132 (81.9) 29 (18.0)
Totalf 472 250 (52.9) 222 (47.0) 379 (84.1) 93 (19.7)

*Spleen, kidney, heart and mesentery.

aχ2=36.27, P=0.00.

fSum of b,c,d,e.

Intensity of infection and fertility rate of hydatid cysts retrieved from liver and lung of different host species

Animal Organ Form of cyst No. of cysts Intensity of infection
Mean±SEM		 Fertile cysts Sterile cysts Suppurative/Calcified cysts
n % n % n %
Sheep Liver Single 31 3.66±0.46 24 77.4 1 3.2 6 19.4
Multiple 226 97 42.9 53 23.5 76 33.6
Lungs Single 11 7.12±0.64 8 72.7 2 18.2 1 9.1
Multiple 499 207 41.5 156 31.3 136 27.3
Goat Liver Single 21 5.43±0.88 11 52.4 6 28.6 4 19.0
Multiple 203 27 13.3 68 33.5 108 53.2
Lungs Single 5 6.62±1.20 2 40.0 1 20.0 2 40.0
Multiple 101 16 15.9 26 25.7 59 58.4
Cattle Liver Single 47 6.10±0.88 35 74.5 9 19.1 3 6.4
Multiple 501 11 2.2 294 58.7 196 39.1
Lungs Single 34 3.80±0.57 21 61.8 11 32.4 2 5.9
Multiple 208 10 4.8 117 56.3 81 38.9
Buffalo Liver Single 61 3.59±0.50 33 54.1 24 39.3 4 6.6
Multiple 275 79 28.6 156 56.7 39 14.1
Lungs Single 40 5.37±0.65 24 60.0 13 32.5 3 7.5
Multiple 407 133 32.7 223 54.8 51 12.5
Table 1 Prevalence of hydatid cysts in different intermediate hosts and cities in Pakistan
Table 2 Prevalence of hydatid cysts in different age group and gender of host species
Table 3 Seasonal prevalence and intensity of hydatid cysts by host species

χ2=3.90, P=0.91.

Table 4 Organ predilection, form of hydatid cysts and number of multiple cysts in different host species

Spleen, kidney, heart and mesentery.

χ2=36.27, P=0.00.

Sum of b,c,d,e.

Table 5 Intensity of infection and fertility rate of hydatid cysts retrieved from liver and lung of different host species

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

PHD : Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

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