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Original Article

Reduction of Reinfection Rates with Opisthorchis viverrini through a Three-Year Management Program in Endemic Areas of Northeastern Thailand

Suksanti Prakobwong1,2,*orcid, Kulwadee Suwannatrai3orcid
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2020;58(5):527-535.
Published online: October 22, 2020

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*Corresponding author (sprakobwong@yahoo.com)
• Received: April 6, 2020   • Revised: September 22, 2020   • Accepted: September 25, 2020

Copyright © 2020 by The Korean Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine

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Reduction of Reinfection Rates with Opisthorchis viverrini through a Three-Year Management Program in Endemic Areas of Northeastern Thailand
Korean J Parasitol. 2020;58(5):527-535.   Published online October 22, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.5.527
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Reduction of Reinfection Rates with Opisthorchis viverrini through a Three-Year Management Program in Endemic Areas of Northeastern Thailand
Korean J Parasitol. 2020;58(5):527-535.   Published online October 22, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.5.527
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Reduction of Reinfection Rates with Opisthorchis viverrini through a Three-Year Management Program in Endemic Areas of Northeastern Thailand
Image
Fig. 1 Prevalence and percent of reinfection of Opisthorchis viverrini infections in an endemic area of Thailand. The distribution of infections is shown for each province. For reinfection, the samples were collected in the second and third year from participants infected in the first year.

Fig. 1

Reduction of Reinfection Rates with Opisthorchis viverrini through a Three-Year Management Program in Endemic Areas of Northeastern Thailand

Characteristics of Opisthorchis viverrini infections in participants in the starting year (2017)

Characteristics No. samples Infected (%) Average EPG (range)
Gender
 Female 2,428 13.7 49.0 (25–683)
 Male 1,246 15.4 144.0 (46–2,274)a
Age (yr)
 20–30 117 22.2a 64.1 (44.5–690)
 31–40 1,066 12.5 76.4 (60–492)
 41–50 1,285 19.3 105.7 (25–2,274)a
 51–60 632 11.7 46.1 (30–218)
 >60 574 7.6 56.4 (47–122)
Occupation
 Agriculture 2,644 13.7 62.1 (25–844)
 Fishermen 315 25.7a 169.4 (49–2,274)a
 Government 174 19.5 87.7 (64–741)
 Others 541 9.0 98.4 (53–288)
Province
 Nong Khai 585 11.6 82.2 (25–473)
 Bueng Kan 486 15.2 61.4 (53–640)
 Sakon Nakhon 912 16 125.5 (68–2,274)a
 Nong Bua Lam Phu 530 13.4 57.5 (47–532)
 Udon Thani 1,161 14.3 68.7 (60–408)
Total 3,674 14.3 83.7 (25–2,274)

aStatistically significant at P<0.05.

Characteristics of opisthorchiasis in the reinfection populations in the proceeding years (2018 and 2019)

Characteristics No. of infections in the first year Reinfection in the second year Reinfection in the third year
No. of samples Percent of reinfected (%) Average EPG (range) No. of samples Percent of reinfected (%) Average EPG (range)
Gender
 Female 334 274 13.8 16.7 (14–23) 198 4.5 18.0 (16–32)
 Male 192 145 18.6 28.0 (16–64)a 116 6.9 23.0 (17–46)
Age (yr)
 20–30 26 19 10.5 20.0 (19–21) 14 7.1 18.0 (18–18)
 31–40 134 114 8.7 16.2 (17–36) 92 4.3 18.5 (16–34)
 41–50 248 186 22.5a 24.2 (18–64) 139 7.9 21.4 (17–46)
 51–60 74 65 13.8 15.0 (16–54) 48 2.0 19.0 (19–19)
 >60 44 35 5.7 18.5 (17–20) 21 0 0.0 (0–0)
Occupation
 Agriculture 362 318 14.4 20.2 (16–64) 237 5.0 21.1(17–46)
 Fishermen 81 56 23.2a 26.8 (18–52) 47 8.5 18.5 (16–25)
 Government 34 29 19.5 18.2 (17–24) 20 5.0 18.0 (18–18)
 Others 49 16 6.2 22.0 (22–22) 10 0 0.0 (0–0)
Province
 Nong Khai 68 57 5.2 18.0 (16–19) 41 2.4 20.0 (20–20)
 Bueng Kan 74 68 11.7 19.2 (17–36) 55 3.6 19.5 (16–23)
 Sakon Nakhon 146 120 15.8 28.4 (18–64)a 90 3.3 18.3 (17–20)
 Nong Bua Lam Phu 71 62 17.9 17.8 (17–21) 48 4.1 21.5 (21–22)
 Udon Thani 167 112 21.4a 18.6 (17–24) 80 11.2 21.0 (18–46)
Total 526 419 15.5 21.4 (16–64) 314 6.3 20.4 (16–46)

astatistically significant at P<0.05.

Prevalences and infection intensities of Opisthorchis viverrini in reservoir hosts and humans

Host No. of samples examined No. of infected (%) Mean EPG (range)
Dogs 247 38 (15.3)a 35.8 (26–142)
Cats 61 7 (11.4) 54.4 (32–168)a
Humans 3,674 526 (14.3) 83.7 (25–2,274)a
Total 3,982 571 (14.3) 75.4 (25–2,274)

aP<0.05.

Relative risk factors for Opisthorchis viverrini reinfection in the second year

Factors No. of questionnaires (n=340) Infected (%) P-value Odds ratio (95%CI)
Gender
 Female 242 14.8 0.017 1.0
 Male 108 22.2 2.1(1.2–3.9)
Age (yr)
 <40 127 12.5 0.010 1.0
 >40 213 20.6 2.6(1.4–4.2)
Education
 Higher than Primary school 73 15.0 0.271 1.0
 Primary school and under 267 18.3 1.1(0.6–1.3)
Occupation
 Government and Others 43 9.3 0.041 1.0
 Fishermen and Farmer 297 18.8 2.4(0.9–11.6)
Know use of praziquantel
 Yes 187 10.2 0.147 1.0
 No 153 16.4 1.6(0.7–7.4)
Eating uncooked fish in previous year
 Never 196 15.1 0.000 1.0
 Often 144 34.7 3.5(1.4–16.6)
Table 1 Characteristics of Opisthorchis viverrini infections in participants in the starting year (2017)

Statistically significant at P<0.05.

Table 2 Characteristics of opisthorchiasis in the reinfection populations in the proceeding years (2018 and 2019)

statistically significant at P<0.05.

Table 3 Prevalences and infection intensities of Opisthorchis viverrini in reservoir hosts and humans

P<0.05.

Table 4 Relative risk factors for Opisthorchis viverrini reinfection in the second year

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

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