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Original Article

Monitoring Culicine Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) as a Vector of Flavivirus in Incheon Metropolitan City and Hwaseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea, during 2019

Young Yil Bahk1, Seo Hye Park2, Myung-Deok Kim-Jeon3, Sung-Suck Oh3, Haneul Jung2, Hojong Jun2, Kyung-Ae Kim3, Jong Myong Park3, Seong Kyu Ahn2, Jinyoung Lee2, Eun-Jeong Choi3, Bag-Sou Moon3, Young Woo Gong3, Mun Ju Kwon3, Tong-Soo Kim2,*
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2020;58(5):551-558.
Published online: October 22, 2020

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*Corresponding author (tongsookim@inha.ac.kr)
• Received: June 29, 2020   • Revised: September 7, 2020   • Accepted: September 7, 2020

Copyright © 2020 by The Korean Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine

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Monitoring Culicine Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) as a Vector of Flavivirus in Incheon Metropolitan City and Hwaseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea, during 2019
Korean J Parasitol. 2020;58(5):551-558.   Published online October 22, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.5.551
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Monitoring Culicine Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) as a Vector of Flavivirus in Incheon Metropolitan City and Hwaseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea, during 2019
Korean J Parasitol. 2020;58(5):551-558.   Published online October 22, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.5.551
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Monitoring Culicine Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) as a Vector of Flavivirus in Incheon Metropolitan City and Hwaseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea, during 2019
Image Image
Fig. 1 Populations of each mosquito species including Aedes vexans nipponii, Ochlerotatus dorsalis, Anopheles spp., and Culex pipiens complex collected from March to November 2019.
Fig. 2 Monthly accumulated cases of indigenous mosquito-borne diseases including dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and Zika fever [23] in Korea during 2015–2019.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Monitoring Culicine Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) as a Vector of Flavivirus in Incheon Metropolitan City and Hwaseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea, during 2019

Female mosquitoes and mosquito pools collected in Incheon Metropolitan City and Hwaseong-si areas, 2019

Species Cx. inatomii Cx. bitaeniorhynchus Cx. orientalis Cx. pipiens complex* Cx. tritaeniorhynchus Cx. vegans Man. uniformis Anopheles spp. Ae. albopicts Ae. lineatopennis Ae. vexans nipponii Ae. vexans vexans Och. koreicus Och. dorsalis Ar. subalbatus Total
Downtown
 Bupyeong
 No. 0 0 0 129 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 133
 (%) 0 0 0 (96.99) 0 0 0 (0.75) 0 0 0 0 (0.75) (1.50) 0 (100)
 pool 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 8
 Yeonhui
 No. 0 0 2 234 0 1 0 6 7 0 0 33 4 36 1 324
 (%) 0 0 (0.617) (72.22) 0 (0.31) 0 (1.85) (2.16) 0 0 (10.19) (1.24) (11.11) (0.31) (100)
 pool 0 0 1 8 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 2 1 2 1 18
 Shinheung
 No. 0 0 0 1,859 0 0 0 3 263 0 0 24 12 3 2 2,166
 (%) 0 0 0 (85.83) 0 0 0 (0.14) (12.14) 0 0 (1.11) (0.55) (0.14) (0.09) (100)
 Pool 0 0 0 62 0 0 0 1 9 0 0 1 1 1 1 76
Habitats of migratory birds
 Gyeongseo (#1)
 No. 0 1 3 618 0 2 0 26 0 114 3 285 2 528 2 1,584
 (%) 0 (0.06) (0.19) (39.02) 0 (0.13) 0 (1.64) 0 (7.2) (0.19) (17.99) (0.13) (33.33) (0.13) (100)
 pool 0 1 1 22 0 1 0 1 0 4 1 10 1 18 1 60
 Gyeongseo (#2)
 No. 0 5 59 655 8 2 3 32 0 248 2 942 1 1,067 0 3,024
 (%) 0 (0.17) (1.95) (21.66) (0.27) (0.07) (0.10) (1.06) 0 (8.2) (0.07) (31.15) (0.03) (35.28) 0 (100)
 pool 0 1 2 22 1 1 1 2 0 9 1 32 1 36 0 109
 Gyeongseo (#3)
 No. 0 0 2 450 6 0 1 21 1 33 0 282 2 76 1 875
 (%) 0 0 (0.23) (51.43) (0.69) 0 (0.11) (2.40) (0.11) (3.77) 0 (32.23) (0.23) (8.69) (0.11) (100)
 pool 0 0 1 15 1 0 1 1 1 2 0 10 1 3 1 37
Hwaseong (cowshed)
 No. 1 0 0 699 0 15 0 8,562 0 0 44,771 0 41 17,014 0 71,103
 (%) 0 0 0 (0.98) 0 (0.02) 0 (12.04) 0 0 (62.97) 0 (0.06) (23.93) 0 (100)
 pool 1 0 0 24 0 1 0 286 0 0 1,493 0 2 568 0 2375
Total
 No. 1 6 66 4,644 14 20 4 8,651 271 395 44,776 1,566 63 18,726 6 79,209
 (%) 0 (0.01) (0.08) (5.86) (0.02) (0.03) (0.01) (10.92) (0.34) (0.50) (56.53) (1.98) (0.08) (23.64) (0.01) (100)
 pool 1 2 5 157 2 4 2 293 11 15 1,495 55 8 629 4 2,683

*Cx. pipiens complex comprised to 2 Cx. pipiens molestus and 4,642 Cx. pipiens pallens.

Female mosquitoes collected every other week in 2019

Species March April May June July August September October November Total(%)
1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 2nd
Cx. inatomii 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (>0.01)
Cx. bitaeniorhynchus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 6 (>0.01)
Cx. orientalis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 61 0 0 3 1 1 0 0 66 (0.08)
Cx. pipiens complex 1 11 1 15 87 81 244 687 404 895 280 125 194 458 357 363 441 0 4,644 (5.86)
Cx. tritaeniorhynchus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 10 2 0 0 0 14 (0.02)
Cx. vegans 0 0 0 1 2 14 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 20 (0.03)
Coq. ochracea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (0)
Man. uniformis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 (>0.01)
Anopheles spp. 0 0 0 8 0 12 25 839 4,690 888 1,020 416 389 311 45 7 1 0 8,651 (10.92)
Ae. albopictus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 4 77 6 33 81 30 27 4 0 271 (0.34)
Ae. lineatopennis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 184 48 3 47 70 43 0 0 395 (0.5)
Ae. vexans nipponii 0 0 0 6 4 4,008 835 19,227 9,550 697 7,989 1,436 170 507 328 19 0 0 44,776 (56.53)
Ae. vexans vexans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 677 325 21 471 55 7 0 0 1,566 (1.98)
Och. koreicus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 3 8 0 3 0 4 4 1 0 63 (0.08)
Och. dorsalis 0 0 0 3 529 1,363 147 7,597 1,241 96 2,808 1,127 145 3,327 306 37 0 0 18,726 (23.64)
Ar. subalbatus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 6 (>0.01)
Total (%) 1 (>0.01) 11 (0.01) 1 (>0.01) 33 (0.05) 622 (0.79) 5,478 (6.92) 1,252 (1.58) 28,393 (35.85) 15,894 (20.07) 2,594 (3.27) 13,109 (16.55) 3,487 (4.4) 959 (2.21) 5,222 (6.59) 1,198 (1.51) 508 (0.64) 447 (0.56) 0 79,209 (100)

Incidence of flavivirus in culicine mosquitoes detected using qRT-PCR and determined using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) in 2019

Mosquitoes No. of mosquitoes collected No. of pools No. of flavivirus positive pools (%) Virus identification (MLE)a
Ae. albopictus 271 20 0
Ae. lineatopennis 395 21 0
Ae. vexans nipponii 44,697 320 0
Ae. vexans vexans 1,566 70 0
Ar. subalbatus 6 5 0
Cx. bitaeniorhynchus 6 3 0
Cx. inatomii 1 1 0
Cx. orientalis 66 6 0
Cx. pipiens molestus 2 1 0
Cx. pipiens pallens 4,642 211 3 (1.42) Culex flaviviruses (25)
Cx. tritaeniorhynchus 16 6 0
Cx. vagans 17 4 0
Man. uniformis 5 4 0
Och. dorsalis 18,705 304 0
Och. koreicus 63 13 0
Total 70,558 989 3 (0.30)

aMLE, estimated number of flaviviral RNA positive mosquitoes per 1,000.

Table 1 Female mosquitoes and mosquito pools collected in Incheon Metropolitan City and Hwaseong-si areas, 2019

Cx. pipiens complex comprised to 2 Cx. pipiens molestus and 4,642 Cx. pipiens pallens.

Table 2 Female mosquitoes collected every other week in 2019
Table 3 Incidence of flavivirus in culicine mosquitoes detected using qRT-PCR and determined using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) in 2019

MLE, estimated number of flaviviral RNA positive mosquitoes per 1,000.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

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