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Original Article

Geographical Distribution and Relative Abundance of Vectors of Scrub Typhus in the Republic of Korea

In Yong Lee1, Heung Chul Kim2, Young-Sun Lee3, Jang Hoon Seo4, Jae Won Lim5, Tae Soon Yong1, Terry A. Klein6, Won Ja Lee7
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2009;47(4):381-386.
Published online: December 1, 2009

1Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea.

25th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15247, APO AP 96205-5247, USA.

3Suncheon-si Health Service Center, Suncheon 540-972, Korea.

4Department of Clinical Pathology, Shinheung College, Uijeongbu 480-701, Korea.

5National Institute of Biological Resources, Inchoen 404-708, Korea.

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Corresponding author (wonja@nih.go.kr)
• Received: July 27, 2009   • Revised: October 8, 2009   • Accepted: October 14, 2009

Copyright © 2009 by The Korean Society for Parasitology

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Geographical Distribution and Relative Abundance of Vectors of Scrub Typhus in the Republic of Korea
Korean J Parasitol. 2009;47(4):381-386.   Published online December 1, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.4.381
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Geographical Distribution and Relative Abundance of Vectors of Scrub Typhus in the Republic of Korea
Korean J Parasitol. 2009;47(4):381-386.   Published online December 1, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.4.381
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Geographical Distribution and Relative Abundance of Vectors of Scrub Typhus in the Republic of Korea
Image Image
Fig. 1 Map of field rodents collection at 13 study sites during October-November, 2006. 1. Cheorwon-gun (Gangwon province, N38° 00'47.6'', E127° 15'14.2''). 2. Yeoncheon-gun (Gyeonggi province, N38° 02'55.34'', E127° 06'18.35''). 3. Pochenon-gun (Gyeonggi province, N38° 00'47.6'', E127° 15'14.2''). 4. Paju-si (Gyeonggi province, N 37° 53'14.6'', E126° 55'56.1''). 5. Cheongyang-gun (Chungnam province, N36° 27'10.7'', E126° 43'50.0''). 6. Cheongwon-gun (Chungbuk province, N 36° 36'35.8'', E127° 20'36.0''). 7. Buan-gun (Jeonbuk province, N35° 36'37.1'', E126° 29'33.0''). 8. Namwon-si (Jeonbuk province, N35° 24'08.6'', E127° 26'05.2''). 9. Gyeongju-si (Gyeongbuk province, N35° 47'09.41'', E129° 20' 15.5''). 10. Jangseong-gun (Jeonnam province, N35° 13'24.2'', E126° 41'27.4''). 11. Jinju-si (Gyeongnam province, N35° 14'43.6'', E128° 16'43.8''). 12. Suncheon-si (Jeonnam province, N35°06' 11.5'', E127°30'12.8''). 13. Aaeweol (Jeju province, N33° 19'39.8'', E126°21'20.1'').
Fig. 2 Correlation between chigger indices of Leptotrombidium pallidum and scrub typhus prevalence rates (Number of cases/total population of selected province × 1,000) of scrub in ROK, 2006.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Geographical Distribution and Relative Abundance of Vectors of Scrub Typhus in the Republic of Korea
Host No. captured (Trap Rate)a n=680b Infestation rate (%)c Mean No. (%) of chiggers collected
L. pall L. scu L. palp L. ori L. zet N. tam E. kor C. ika W. fra Total Apodemus agrarius 80 (11.8) 100 101.7 (74.9) 25.7 (18.9) 3.5 (2.7) 2.9 (2.1) 1 (0.7) 0.7 (0.5) 0.2 (0.1) 0.03 (< 0.1) 0 135.7 Myodes regulus 2 (0.3) 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 (100) 20 Rodent Species Province No. of sites captured No. of rodents No. of rodents
L. pall L. scu L. palp L. ori L. zet N. tam E. kor C. ika W. fra Total Apodemus agrarius Gangwon 1 5 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 225 Gyeonggi 3 12 880 0 61 54 14 0 0 0 0 1,009 Chungnam 1 7 930 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 930 Chungbuk 1 7 893 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 893 Jeonbuk 2 18 2,172 624 0 144 0 0 0 0 0 2,940 Jeonnam 2 15 2,441 631 35 0 0 58 4 2 0 3,171 Gyeongbuk 1 6 483 65 183 0 0 0 0 0 0 731 Gyeongnam 1 7 113 689 0 25 50 0 7 0 0 884 Jeju 1 3 0 48 0 9 15 0 5 0 0 77 Total 13 80 8,137 2,057 279 232 79 58 16 2 0 10,860 %a 97.6 74.9 18.9 2.7 2.1 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0
Myodes regulus Gyeonggi 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 40 Total 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 40 %a 2.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Species Province No. of sites captured No. of rodents L. pall L. scu L. palp L. ori L. zet N. tam E. kor C. ika W. fra Chigger indexa Apodemus agrarius Gangwon 1 5 45.0 (100.0) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45.0 Gyeonggi 3 12 73.3 (87.2) 0 5.1 (6.1) 4.5 (5.4) 1.2 (1.4) 0 0 0 0 84.1 Chungnam 1 7 132.9 (100.0) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 132.9 Chungbuk 1 7 127.6 (100.0) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 127.6 Jeonbuk 2 18 120.7 (73.9) 34.7 (21.2) 0 8.0 (4.9) 0 0 0 0 0 163.3 Jeonnam 2 15 162.7 (77.0) 42.1 (19.9) 2.3 (1.1) 0 0 3.9 (1.8) 0.3 (0.1) 0.1 (< 0.1) 0 211.4 Gyeongbuk 1 6 80.5 (66.1) 10.8 (8.9) 30.5 (25.0) 0 0 0 0 0 0 121.8 Gyeongnam 1 7 16.1 (12.7) 98.4 (77.9) 0 3.6 (2.9) 7.1 (5.6) 0 1.0 (0.8) 0 0 126.3 Jeju 1 3 0 16.0 (62.3) 0 3.0 (11.7) 5.0 (19.5) 0 1.7 (6.6) 0 0 25.7
Myodes regulus Gyeonggi 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20.0 (100.0) 20.0 Province No. of sites Leptotrombidium. pallidum Leptotrombidium scutellale Prevalence rate of scrub typhus, 2006a Gangwon 1 45.0 0 0.0352 Gyeonggi 3 73.3 0 0.0627 Chungnam 1 132.9 0 0.3768 Chungbuk 1 127.6 0 0.2087 Jeonbuk 2 120.7 34.7 0.4934 Jeonnam 2 162.7 42.1 0.3381 Gyeongbuk 1 80.5 10.8 0.2242 Gyeongnam 1 16.1 98.4 0.1843 Jeju 1 0 16.0 0.0393 Total 13 758.8 200.2 - % 79.0 21.0
Table 1. Rodent trap rates, chigger-infestation rates, and the mean number of chiggers collected per infested rodent captured from October to November, 2006

Number of rodents collected/number of trap nights; (% of all rodents captured);

Number of traps;

Percent of each species infested with chigger mites.

L. pall, Leptotrombidium pallidum; L. scu, L. scutellare; L. palp, L. palpale; L. ori, L. orientale; L. zet, L. zetum; N. tam, Neotrombicula tamiyai; E. kor, Euschoengastica koreaensis; C. ika, Cheladonta ikaoensis; W. fra, Walchia fragilis.

Table 2. Provincial geographical distribution and the number of chiggers collected from field rodents captured from October to November, 2006

Percent of each chigger species captured by rodent species.

L. pall, Leptotrombidium pallidum; L. scu, L. scutellare; L. palp, L. palpale; L. ori, L. orientale; L. zet, L. zetum; N. tam, Neotrombicula tamiyai; E. kor, Euschoengastica koreaensis; C. ika, Cheladonta ikaoensis; W. fra, Walchia fragilis.

Table 3. Geographical distribution, the mean number of chigger-infested Apodemus agrarius and Myodes regulus, and the percentage of each chigger species collected by province and rodent species from October to November, 2006

Chigger index = Mean number of chiggers collected per rodent.

L. pall, Leptotrombidium pallidum; L. scu, L. scutellare; L. palp, L. palpale; L. ori, L. orientale; L. zet, L. zetum; N. tam, Neotrombicula tamiyai; E. kor, Euschoengastica koreaensis; C. ika, Cheladonta ikaoensis; W. fra, Walchia fragilis.

Table 4. Chigger indices for Leptotrombidium pallidum and Leptotrombidium scutellare collected from Apodemus agrarius and prevalence rate of scrub typhus for each province, 2006

Prevalence rate (%) = number of cases per total population of area × 1,000 (Data from Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006).

Table 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 4.

PHD : Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

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