Warning: mkdir(): Permission denied in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 81
Warning: fopen(upload/ip_log/ip_log_2024-08.txt): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 83
Warning: fwrite() expects parameter 1 to be resource, boolean given in /home/virtual/lib/view_data.php on line 84 Isolation and identification of Cryptosporidium from various animals in Korea. I. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium in various animals
Isolation and identification of Cryptosporidium from various animals in Korea. I. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium in various animals
J K Rhee,Y S Seu and B K Park
Department of Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Chonju, Korea.
Abstract
Cryptosporidium, a coccidian protozoa, commonly causes a self-limiting diarrheal illness in humans and animals. Fecal samples from various animals in Chonbuk district were observed using Sheather's flotation technique, Kinyoun's modified acid-fast staining, and osmic acid pre-fixed Giemsa staining. The oocysts were detected in 74 cages (29.6%) out of 250 cages of mature mice, 26 (13.3%) out of 195 mature house rats, 75(15.0%) out of 4-week-old 500 fowls, 98(19.9%) out of 6 to 8-month-old 500 pigs, and 111(22.2%) out of 2 to 5-year-old 500 dairy cattle, respectively. The degree of prevalence was slight in general, but actual prevalence was higher than infection rate because the detection rates were higher in repeated-preparation examinations in comparison to the first examination. Meanwhile, large and small types of oocysts were detected from mice, house rats, pigs, and cattle, and medium type from fowls.
Figures
Figs. 1-4 Fig. 1. Large (arrow) and small (triangle) types of Cryptosporidium oocysts concentrated from feces of infected mice by sugar centrifugal floatation method, ×670.
Fig. 2.Cryptosporidium oocysts concentrated from feces of infected chicken by sugar centrifugal floatation method, ×500.
Fig. 3. Large type of Cryptosporidium oocysts from mice, osmic acid pre-fixed Giemsa staining, ×1,675.
Figs. 5-8 Fig. 5. A HE-stained paraffin section of the stomach of a moue infected with large type of Cryptosporidium. Most gastric glands of the pars glandularis are filled with large numbers of the protozoa, ×1000.
Fig. 6. A HE-stained paraffin section of the bursa of Fabricius of a chick infected with Cryptosporidium. Cryptosporidia of various stages are attached to the surface of the lining epithelial cells, ×1600.
Fig. 7. A scanning electron photomicrograph showing the parasites in the pit of the gastric glands of a mouse infected with large type of Cryptosporidium, bar=10µm.
Fig. 8. A scanning electron photomicrograph showing large number of the parasites on the villous epithelial surface from the ileum of a cattle infected with Cryptosporidium, bar=10µm.
Tables
Table 1 Effect of repeated-preparation examinations on detection rates of Cryptosporidium oocysts in swine
Table 6 Prevalence of Cryptosporidium in dairy cattle
Table 7 Dimensions of Cryptosporidium oocysts in various animals (Kinyoun modified acid-fast staining preparations)
Table 8 The number of Cryptosporidium oocysts detected in feces
References
1.
Anderson BC, Hall RF. Cryptosporidial infection in Idaho dairy calves. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1982;181(5):484–485.
2.
Anderson DR, et al. J Parasitol 1968;54:577–581.
3.
Barker IK, Carbonell PL. Cryptosporidium agni sp.n. from lambs, and cryptosporidium bovis sp.n. from a calf, with observations on the oocyst. Z Parasitenkd 1974;44(4):289–298.
4.
Bearup AJ. Aust Vet J 1954;30:185–186.
5.
Carlson BL, Nielsen SW. Cryptosporidiosis in a raccoon. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1982;181(11):1405–1406.
6.
Chai JY, Shin SM, Yun CK, Yu JR, Lee SH. [Experimental activation of cryptosporidiosis in mice by immunosuppression]. Korean J Parasitol 1990;28(1):31–37.
7.
Current WL, Reese NC, Ernst JV, Bailey WS, Heyman MB, Weinstein WM. Human cryptosporidiosis in immunocompetent and immunodeficient persons. Studies of an outbreak and experimental transmission. N Engl J Med 1983;308(21):1252–1257.
8.
Current WL, Upton SJ, Haynes TB. The life cycle of Cryptosporidium baileyi n. sp. (Apicomplexa, Cryptosporidiidae) infecting chickens. J Protozool 1986;33(2):289–296.
9.
D'Antonio RG, Winn RE, Taylor JP, Gustafson TL, Current WL, Rhodes MM, Gary GW Jr, Zajac RA. A waterborne outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in normal hosts. Ann Intern Med 1985;103(6 Pt 1):886–888.
Doster AR, Mahaffey EA, McClearen JR. Cryptosporidia in the cloacal coprodeum of red-lored parrots (Amazona autumnalis). Avian Dis 1979;23(3):654–661.
12.
Gardiner CH, Imes GD Jr. Cryptosporidium sp in the kidneys of a black-throated finch. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1984;185(11):1401–1402.
13.
Hoerr FJ, Ranck FM Jr, Hastings TF. Respiratory cryptosporidiosis in turkeys. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1978;173(12):1591–1593.
14.
Iseki M. Jpn J Parasitol 1979;28(5):285–307.
15.
Iseki M. Jpn J Parasitol 1986;35:521–526.
16.
Iseki M, et al. Parasitol 1979;75:218–222.
17.
Itakura C. J Jpn Vet Med Ass 1985;38:796–801.
18.
Itakura C, Goryo M, Umemura T. Cryptosporidial infection in chickens. Avian Pathol 1984;13(3):487–499.
19.
Jerrett IV, Snodgrass DR. Cryptosporidia associated with outbreaks of neonatal calf diarrhoea. Aust Vet J 1981;57(9):434–435.
20.
Jervis HR, Merrill TG, Sprinz H. Coccidiosis in the guinea pig small intestine due to a Cryptosporidium. Am J Vet Res 1966;27(117):408–414.
21.
Kennedy GA, Kreitner GL, Strafuss AC. Cryptosporidiosis in three pigs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1977;170(3):348–350.
22.
Kovatch RM, et al. Vet Pathol 1972;9:426–440.
23.
Ma P, Soave R. Three-step stool examination for cryptosporidiosis in 10 homosexual men with protracted watery diarrhea. J Infect Dis 1983;147(5):824–828.
24.
Maekawa T. J Osaka City Med Cent 1988;37(3):679–699.
25.
Miyaji S, et al. Jpn J Parasitol 1989;38(6):368–372.
26.
Panciera RJ, et al. Vet Pathol 1971;8:479–484.
27.
Proctor SJ, Kemp RL. Cryptosporidium anserinum sp. n. (Sporozoa) in a domestic goose Anser anser L., from Iowa. J Protozool 1974;21(5):664–666.
28.
Slavin D. Cryptosporidium meleagridis (sp. nov.). J Comp Pathol 1955;65(3):262–266.
29.
Snyder SP, England JJ, McChesney AE. Cryptosporidiosis in immunodeficient Arabian foals. Vet Pathol 1978;15(1):12–17.
30.
Soave R, Ma P. Cryptosporidiosis. Traveler's diarrhea in two families. Arch Intern Med 1985;145(1):70–72.
31.
Tyzzer EE. Proc Soc EXp Biol Med 1907;5:12–13.
32.
Tyzzer EE. J Med Res 1910;23:394–413.
33.
Tyzzer EE. Arch Protistenk 1912;26:394–418.
34.
Tyzzer EE. Am J Hyg 1929;10:269–383.
35.
Uga S, et al. Rinsho Kensa 1988;32:1155–1159.
36.
Uga S, et al. Jpn J Parasitol 1989;38(3):139–143.
37.
Upton SJ, Current WL. The species of Cryptosporidium (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) infecting mammals. J Parasitol 1985;71(5):625–629.
38.
Weisburger WR, Hutcheon DF, Yardley JH, Roche JC, Hillis WD, Charache P. Cryptosporidiosis in an immunosuppressed renal-transplant recipient with IgA deficiency. Am J Clin Pathol 1979;72(3):473–478.