Cell-mediated and humoral immune reactions in mice infected with pathogenic Acanthamoeba culbertsoni were observed according to the period of time after amoebic infection by intranasal inoculation. The degrees of blastogenesis of spleen cells induced by mitogens, which were measured using radioactive [3H]-thymidine, were compared between infected and non-infected control groups. The mitogens used in this blastogenesis experiment were concanavalin A (Con A) and lipopolysaccharide(LPS). On the other hand, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was employed for the detection of humoral antibodies against A. culbertsoni. The levels of blastogenesis of splenocytes and serum titres in the experimental group showed increasing tendency a week after inoculation of A. culbertsoni, although there was no difference between the experimental and control groups in other periods of the experimental time.
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Pathogenic free-living amoebae K I Im The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(Suppl): 29. CrossRef
A pathogenic free-living amoeba, Naegleria fowleri, causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis to human and experimental animals. This infection is rare, but the mortality is very high. Nowadays, drug treatment or active immunization of human or mice are being tried with partial effectiveness. This study shows passive immunization effect by transfer of immunized spleen cells, serum, or milk from immunized mother in mouse experimental model. Young BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with 2-3 X 10(6) trophozoites of N. fowleri, and spleen cells and sera were collected for injection to recipient mice. There were seven transfer groups, i.e., immunized mouse serum, spleen cells, serum and spleen cells, normal mouse serum, spleen cells, serum and spleen cells, and control group. Three days later, BALB/c mice were inoculated with 1 x 10(4) trophozoites of N. fowleri intranasally. After infection, decreased mortality and prolonged survival time of mice were noted in immunized groups compared with non-immunized control group.
The groups injected with immunized spleen cells or normal serum showed lower mortality than that of controls but showed no changes of serum IgG level. The groups injected with immunized serum or normal spleen cells showed increased serum IgG level after immunization but hundred percent mortality was observed. Mother mice were immunized intraperitoneally with 2-3 X 10(6) trophozoites of N.
fowleri at the end of pregnancy and weaning period. Soon after the delivery, litters born of non-immunized mother were matched with immunized mother for feeding immune milk.
After three weeks, the litters were infected with 1 X 10(4) trophozoites of N. fowleri or sacrificed for serum collection to measure the IgG levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Eimeria tenella, an intracellular protozoan parasite infecting the epithelial cells of the ceca of chickens, causes severe diarrhea and bleeding that can lead its host to death. It is of interest that E. tenella first penetrate into the mucosal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) before they parasitize crypt or villous epithelial cells. This in vitro study was undertaken to know whether the penetration of E. tenella into such a lymphoid cell is a beneficial step for the parasite survival and development. Three sequential experiments were performed. First, the in vitro established bovine kidney cell line, MDBK cells, were evaluated for use as host cells for E. tenella, through morphological observation. Second, the degree of parasite development and multiplication in MDBK cells was quantitatively assayed using radioisotope-labelled uracil (3H-uracil). Third, the E. tenella sporozoites viability was assayed after preincubation of them with chicken spleen cells. E. tenella oocysts obtained from the ceca of the infected chickens were used for the source of the sporozoites. Spleen cells (E) obtained from normal chickens (FP strain) were preincubated with the sporozoites (T) at the E:T ratio of 100:1, 50:1 or 25:1 for 4 or 12 hours, and then the mixture was inoculated into the MDBK cell monolayer. Morphologically the infected MDBK cells revealed active schizogonic cycle of E. tenella in 3-4 days, which was characterized by the appearance of trophozoites, and immature and mature schizonts containing merozoites. The 3H-uracil uptake by E. tenella increased gradually in the MDBK cells, which made a plateau after 48-60 hours, and decreased thereafter. The uptake amount of 3H-uracil depended not only upon the inoculum size of the sporozoites but also on the degree of time delay (preincubation; sporozoites only) from excystation to inoculation into MDBK cells. The 3H-uracil uptake became lower as the preincubation time was prolonged. In comparison, after preincubation of sporozoites with spleen cells for 4 or 12 hours, the 3H-uracil uptake was significantly increased compared with that of control group.
From the results, it was inferred that, although the penetration of E. tenella sporozoites into the lymphoid cells such as IEL is not an essential step, it should be at least a beneficial one for the survival and development of sporozoites in the chicken intestine.
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Statistical Prediction of the Peak Point (Time) Required for Release of Maximum Number of Sporocysts after Eimeria Tenella Oocyst Excystation JO Cha, KS Shim, HW Lee, HC Kim Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of glass bead size, vortexing speed and duration on Eimeria acervulina oocyst excystation Jang-Ock Cha, Abul Fatah Shah Muhammad Talha, Chae Woong Lim, Bumseok Kim Experimental Parasitology.2014; 138: 18. CrossRef
Effects of Different Sizes of Glass Beads on the Release of Sporocysts from Eimeria tenella Oocysts Myung-Jo You The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(3): 317. CrossRef
Comparative susceptibility of different cell lines for culture of Toxoplasma gondii in vitro B K Park, H R Moon, J R Yu, J Kook, J Y Chai, S H Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1993; 31(3): 215. CrossRef
This study was performed to observe the role of Pneumocystis carinii as an etiologic agent of interstitial pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. Total 90 male Sprague-Dawley rats, approximately 150-180 g, were used. Fifteen of them were used as control group and remaining 75 (5 groups) were as immunosuppression groups; group 1 received prednisolone (25 mg/kg twice weekly) only; group 2 prednisolone and tetracycline (75 mk/kg/day); group 3 prednisolone, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (50-250 mg/kg/day); group 4 prednisolone and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole; and group 5 prednisolone and griseofulvin (300 mg/kg/day) until death. The survival days of each group rat were calculated, and upon death their lungs were removed immediately and then stamp smears were prepared and stained by Giemsa or toluidine blue O. For histopathologic observation, lungs were fixed in 10% formalin, cut into sections and stained with Gomori's methenamine silver, hematoxylin-eosin, and Brown & Brenn stain. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The mean survival time of each group rat was 19.3 +/- 5.2 days (group 1), 41.1 +/- 14.0 days (group 2), 50.5 +/- 18.4 days (group 3), 43.0 +/- 22.9 days (group 4) or 21.8 +/- 5.1 days (group 5). Significant differences were noted between group 1 and group 2(p less than 0.01), group 1 and group 3 (p less than 0.01), and group 1 and group 4 (p less than 0.01), which represented bacterial infections were most fatal in immunocompromised rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Study on the therapeutic effects of interferon and gamma-globulin in experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia D W Shin, D Y Kang, Y H Lee, Y E Na, K J Yun The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1992; 30(3): 219. CrossRef
Production of circulating specific antibodies to the lung fluke (Paragonimus westermani) by its host is well known and used in various kinds of immunodiagnostic methods. However, it has not been well documented which compartments (or structures) of the lung fluke are most responsible for the production of specific antibodies. The present immunohistochemical study was undertaken to demonstrate the antigenicity of each body compartment of P. westermani such as suckers, tegument, spines, vitelline glands, intestine, reproductive organs (male and female), and eggs. Indirect immunoperoxidase (IP) stain technique was applied, using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung tissues of P.
westermani-infected cats sectioned in 4 microns thickness as the antigen and cat antisera (11-20 weeks of infection) as the primary antibody. Peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-cat IgG was used as the secondary antibody and diaminobenzidine (DAB) as the coloring agent. Strong yellow or yellowish brown staining was regarded positive. The primary and secondary antibody dilutions were made at 1:500-1:2,000 and 1:200-1:500 respectively, and IP stain was repeated 10 times for each dilution. A consistent result obtained was that the intestinal epithelial border, intestinal content, vitelline glands, and eggs scattered around the worm capsule showed strong positive staining, while uterine eggs and some parenchymal portions showed weak positive reaction. On the other hand, the suckers, tegument, spines, subtegumental cells, cytoplasm of intestinal epithelial cells, male reproductive organs, and ovary revealed negative staining.
The body compartments showing higher antigenicity were, in the decreasing order, the intestinal epithelial border, intestinal content, eggs in the worm capsule, vitelline glands, uterine eggs, and parenchymatous portions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Immunoelectron microscopic localization of partially purified antigens in adult Paragonimus iloktsuenensis Ok-Ran Lee, Pyung-Rim Chung The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2001; 39(2): 119. CrossRef
Ultrastructural antigenic localization in Paragonimus iloktsuenensis during developmental stage by immunogold labeling method H S Kim, O R Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1995; 33(4): 365. CrossRef
Protein composition and antigenicity of the tegument from Paragonimus westermani S I Kim, S Y Cho The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1993; 31(3): 269. CrossRef
Antigenic localities in the tissues of Paragonimus westermani by developmental stages using immunogold labeling method H J Rim, S J Kim, I J Sun, J S Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1992; 30(1): 1. CrossRef
Tissue origin of soluble component proteins in saline extract of adult Paragonimus westermani Y Kong, C Y Park, S Y Kang, S Y Cho The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1992; 30(2): 91. CrossRef
Blastogenesis of splenic lymphocytes to specific antigens and PHA in Paragonimus westermani infected mice D Y Min, M H Shin, R Choi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1992; 30(1): 43. CrossRef
Antigenic localities in the tissues of the young adult worm of Paragonimus westermani using immunogold labeling method O S Kwon, J S Lee, H J Rim, S J Kim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1991; 29(1): 31. CrossRef
Immunohistochemical study on the antigenicity of each organ structure of Clonorchis sinensis J Kim, J Y Chai, W G Kho, K H Cho, S H Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1991; 29(1): 21. CrossRef
Antigenic localities in the tissues of Metagonimus yokogawai observed by immunogoldlabeling method H Ahn, H J Rim, S J Kim The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1991; 29(3): 245. CrossRef
An experimental pathological study was performed to observe the effect of praziquantel treatment on the pulmonary lesions of the rat lung fluke, Paragonimus iloktsuenensis.
The metacercariae were obtained from the freshwater crab, Sesarma dehaani, and 40 rats (wistar) were fed each with 10 metacercariae. On 20 rats praziquantel treatment (100mg/kg/day x 5 days) was done at 5 weeks after the infection while remaining 20 rats were kept untreated for use as controls. The drug-treated rats and the untreated ones were sacrificed 3, 7, 14, 21 or 28 days later for the observation of lung pathology. The rats infected with P.
iloktsuenensis showed remarkable pulmonary changes; gross features of hemorrhagic and nodular worm capsules protruded on to the surface of the lung, and histologically local atelectasis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and egg granuloma around the worm capsules each containing one or two worms. Praziquantel treatment of the rats was shown to be highly effective in killing the worms and to lead them to degenerate, as early as in 3 days post-treatment. Almost all worms in the lung were dead and absorbed by the host cells in 21 days post-treatment, except a few living ones seen in a rat of 14-day post-treatment group. In most of the rats treated the pulmonary lesions showed the signs of resolution; regression of worm capsules with mummification of worms, decrease of inflammatory cell infiltration, improvement in the degree of atelectasis, and decreases in the frequency and size of the egg granuloma. From the results it is concluded that praziquantel is highly effective for the treatment of rat P. iloktsuenensis infection in the lung, not only by its direct killing effect of the worms but also due to the excellent resolution capacity of the pulmonary tissues.
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Praziquantel Treatment in Trematode and Cestode Infections: An Update Jong-Yil Chai Infection & Chemotherapy.2013; 45(1): 32. CrossRef
Immunoelectron microscopic localization of partially purified antigens in adult Paragonimus iloktsuenensis Ok-Ran Lee, Pyung-Rim Chung The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2001; 39(2): 119. CrossRef
ELISA of rat sera infected with Paragonimus iloktsuenensis B K Lim, O R Lee, H S Nam The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(4): 207. CrossRef
Sera from confirmed patients of 5 hydatidosis, 67 neurocysticercosis and 89 other parasitic diseases were tested for specific antibody (IgG) levels by ELISA to cystic fluid antigens from metacestodes of Echinococcus granulosus (HF) and Taenia solium (CF). All hydatidosis sera reacted positively to both HF and CF while neurocysticercosis sera did in 49.3% to HF and 85.1% to CF. The frequencies of cross-reactions were lower in other parasitic diseases to both antigens. By SDS-PAGE, protein bands of 64, 35, 22 and 7 kilodaltons (kDa) were found common in HF and CF.
SDS-PAGE/immunoblot exhibited that hydatidosis sera reacted crossly to CF at 135, 110, 100, 86, 64, 45, 39, 35 and 24 kDa bands while neurocysticercosis sera did to HF at 135, 100, 86, 64, 52, 39, 35, 29 and 24 kDa bands. These results indicated that protein bands of 135, 100, 86, 64, 39, 35 and 24 kDa were major common components in HF and CF. Protein bands of 7 kDa in HF and 15, 10 and 7 kDa in CF did not react crossly and were specific components in respective antigens.
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Vaccine for a neglected tropical disease Taenia solium cysticercosis: fight for eradication against all odds Rimanpreet Kaur, Naina Arora, Suraj S Rawat, Anand Kumar Keshri, Shubha Rani Sharma, Amit Mishra, Gagandeep Singh, Amit Prasad Expert Review of Vaccines.2021; 20(11): 1447. CrossRef
Hydrophobic fraction of Taenia saginata metacestodes, rather than hydrophilic fraction, contains immunodominant markers for diagnosing human neurocysticercosis Flávia de Assunção Gonçalves, Gleyce Alves Machado, Heliana Batista Oliveira, Maria Teresa Nunes Pacheco Rezende, José Roberto Mineo, Julia Maria Costa-Cruz Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical.2010; 43(3): 254. CrossRef
Taenia saginata
Metacestode Antigenic Fractions without Affinity to Concanavalin A Are an Important Source of Specific Antigens for the Diagnosis of Human Neurocysticercosis
Heliana B. Oliveira, Gleyce A. Machado, José R. Mineo, Julia M. Costa-Cruz Clinical and Vaccine Immunology.2010; 17(4): 638. CrossRef
The immune response in Taenia solium cysticercosis: protection and injury E. SCIUTTO, A. CHAVARRIA, G. FRAGOSO, A. FLEURY, C. LARRALDE Parasite Immunology.2007; 29(12): 621. CrossRef
Serodiagnosis of cysticercosis by ELISA-inhibition test using monoclonal antibodies T S Yong, I S Yeo, J H Seo, J K Chang, J S Lee, T S Kim, G H Jeong The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1993; 31(2): 149. CrossRef
Immunoelectrophoretic analysis of major component proteins in cystic fluid of Taenia solium metacestodes Y Kong, S Y Cho, S I Kim, S Y Kang The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1992; 30(3): 209. CrossRef
Evaluation of a rapid dot-elisa as a field test for the diagnosis of cystic hydatid disease M.T. Rogan, P.S. Craig, E. Zeyhle, T. Romig, G.M. Lubano, Liu Deshan Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.1991; 85(6): 773. CrossRef
Component proteins in cystic fluid of Taenia solium metacestodes collected surgically from neurocysticercosis patients Y Kong, S Y Kang, S Y Cho The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(2): 101. CrossRef
During October-December 1987, chigger mites infested on the striped field mice (Apodemus agrarius coreae) collected at Pochun-gun, Gyeonggi Province and Chinhae city, Kyongnam Province were identified. 1. Of 171 back-striped mice collected, chigger mites were found from 58 mice, showing 33.9% of infestation rate. 2. Total 865 chigger mites collected were classified into seven species; Leptotrombidium pallidum (4.3%), L. palpale(23.0%), L.
orientalis(20.2), L. zetum(19.0%). Neotrombicula tamiyai(32.9), N. japonica(0.2%) and Euschongastia koreaensis(0.3%). Though the most dominant species in number was N. tamiyai(32.9% of the total), this species was collected at very limited locality and for a short period.
Therefore, most common species in Korea seems to be L.
palpale which was found at all localities throughout the whole survey period. L. pallidum which is known as the vector species of tsutsugamushi disease in Korea was collected in a very low number(4.3% of the total chiggers collected). 3. The number of chigger mites infested on a host animal showed great variations from one chigger up to 207 chiggers. The present study has shown that there may be other Leptotrombidium species mite(s) for the vector and host of tsutsugamushi disease in Korea.
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A Report of Chigger Mites on the Striped Field Mouse, Apodemus agrarius, in Southwest China Yan-Ling Chen, Xian-Guo Guo, Tian-Guang Ren, Lei Zhang, Rong Fan, Cheng-Fu Zhao, Zhi-Wei Zhang, Ke-Yu Mao, Xiao-Bin Huang, Ti-Jun Qian The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(6): 625. CrossRef
Geographical Distribution and Seasonal Indices of Chigger Mites on Small Mammals Collected on the East Coast of the Republic of Korea Gab-Man Park, Ho-Sung Shin Journal of Parasitology.2016; 102(2): 193. CrossRef
Seroepidemiological Survey of Zoonotic Diseases in Small Mammals with PCR Detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi in Chiggers, Gwangju, Korea Jung Wook Park, Jae Keun Chung, Sun Hee Kim, Sun Ju Cho, Yi Deun Ha, So Hyang Jung, Hye Jung Park, Hyun Jae Song, Jung Yoon Lee, Dong Min Kim, Jah Pyus, Dong Ryong Ha, Eun Sun Kim, Jae Il Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2016; 54(3): 307. CrossRef
Population density of chigger mites, the vector of tsutsugamushi disease in Chollanam-do, Korea H J Song, K H Kim, S C Kim, S S Hong, H I Ree The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1996; 34(1): 27. CrossRef
A historical review and prospects of medical entomology research in Korea H I Ree The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1990; 28(Suppl): 145. CrossRef
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