Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

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Volume 51(2); April 2013

Original Articles

Efficacy of a DNA Vaccine Carrying Eimeria maxima Gam56 Antigen Gene against Coccidiosis in Chickens: Jinjun Xu, Yan Zhang, Jianping Tao; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):147-154.
Published online April 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.147

Abstract
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To control coccidiosis without using prophylactic medications, a DNA vaccine targeting the gametophyte antigen Gam56 from Eimeria maxima in chickens was constructed, and the immunogenicity and protective effects were evaluated. The ORF of Gam56 gene was cloned into an eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(zeo)+. Expression of Gam56 protein in COS-7 cells transfected with recombinant plasmid pcDNA-Gam56 was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence assay. The DNA vaccine was injected intramuscularly to yellow feathered broilers of 1-week old at 3 dosages (25, 50, and 100 ?g/chick). Injection was repeated once 1 week later. One week after the second injection, birds were challenged orally with 5×10⁴ sporulated oocysts of E. maxima, then weighed and killed at day 8 post challenge. Blood samples were collected and examined for specific peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation activity and serum antibody levels. Compared with control groups, the administration of pcDNA-Gam56 vaccine markedly increased the lymphocyte proliferation activity (P<0.05) at day 7 and 14 after the first immunization. The level of lymphocyte proliferation started to decrease on day 21 after the first immunization. A similar trend was seen in specific antibody levels. Among the 3 pcDNA-Gam56 immunized groups, the median dosage group displayed the highest lymphocyte proliferation and antibody levels (P<0.05). The median dosage group had the greatest relative body weight gain (89.7%), and the greatest oocyst shedding reduction (53.7%). These results indicate that median dosage of DNA vaccine had good immunogenicity and immune protection effects, and may be used in field applications for coccidiosis control.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Alternatives to antibiotics against coccidiosis for poultry production: the relationship between immunity and coccidiosis management – a comprehensive review
Mohamed T. El-Saadony, Heba M. Salem, Marwa M. Attia, Nahed Yehia, Ahmed H. Abdelkader, Sara Abdel Mawgod, Nesma Mohamed Kamel, Samar Sami Alkafaas, Muslimah N. Alsulami, Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed, Dina Mostafa Mohammed, Ahmed M. Saad, Walid F.A. Mosa, Shaaban S.
Annals of Animal Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Insight into poultry coccidiosis: a dual focus on anticoccidial drugs and herbal plants for pharmacological and prevention strategies
Pooja Bharti, Syed Tanveer, Zahoor Ahmad Wani, Shabir Ahmad Rather, Zahoor Ahmad Parray
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2025; 49(3): 565. CrossRef
Development and immunological insights into recombinant/subunit vaccines against avian coccidiosis
Shagufta Iqbal, Syed Tanveer, Idrees Mehraj Allaie, Yasmeena Jan, Shahana Tramboo, Nazima Maqbool
Journal of Microbiological Methods.2025; 238: 107255. CrossRef
Innovative prevention and control of coccidiosis: targeting sporogony for new control agent development
Dan Zhao, Jingxia Suo, Lin Liang, Ruiying Liang, Rongqiong Zhou, Jiabo Ding, Xianyong Liu, Xun Suo, Sixin Zhang, Xinming Tang
Poultry Science.2024; 103(12): 104246. CrossRef
In vitro cultivation methods for coccidian parasite research
Anna Sophia Feix, Teresa Cruz-Bustos, Bärbel Ruttkowski, Anja Joachim
International Journal for Parasitology.2023; 53(9): 477. CrossRef
Recombinant GMA56 and ROP17 of Eimeria magna conferred protection against infection by homologous species
Jie Xiao, Hao Chen, Ruoyu Zheng, Jiayan Pu, Xiaobin Gu, Yue Xie, Ran He, Jing Xu, Bo Jing, Xuerong Peng, Guangyou Yang
Frontiers in Immunology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
What Do We Know about Surface Proteins of Chicken Parasites Eimeria?
Jesica Daiana Britez, Anabel Elisa Rodriguez, Lucía Di Ciaccio, Virginia Marugán-Hernandez, Mariela Luján Tomazic
Life.2023; 13(6): 1295. CrossRef
Cloning, expression and purification of Eimeria maxima gametocyte antigen-EmGam56 for control of poultry coccidiosis
Vijayashanthi Ramalingam, Raman Muthusamy, Kasthuri Bohra, Azhahianambi Palavesam, Dhinakarraj Gopal
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2023; 47(4): 773. CrossRef
Vaccination Against Poultry Parasites
Ruediger Hauck, Kenneth S. Macklin
Avian Diseases.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Coccidiosis: Recent Progress in Host Immunity and Alternatives to Antibiotic Strategies
Youngsub Lee, Mingmin Lu, Hyun S. Lillehoj
Vaccines.2022; 10(2): 215. CrossRef
A multiepitope vaccine encoding four Eimeria epitopes with PLGA nanospheres: a novel vaccine candidate against coccidiosis in laying chickens
ZhengQing Yu, SiYing Chen, JianMei Huang, WenXi Ding, YuFeng Chen, JunZhi Su, RuoFeng Yan, LiXin Xu, XiaoKai Song, XiangRui Li
Veterinary Research.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Vaccines against chicken coccidiosis with particular reference to previous decade: progress, challenges, and opportunities
Tean Zaheer, Rao Zahid Abbas, Muhammad Imran, Asghar Abbas, Ali Butt, Sarfraz Aslam, Jameel Ahmad
Parasitology Research.2022; 121(10): 2749. CrossRef
Research progress of the avian coccidiosis vaccine
Haiming Cai, Nanshan Qi, Juan Li, Minna Lv, Xuhui Lin, Junjing Hu, Jianfei Zhang, Shenquan Liao, Mingfei Sun
Veterinary Vaccine.2022; 1(1): 100002. CrossRef
Protection of hatchlings against coccidiosis by maternal antibodies to four recombinant proteins of Eimeria tenella, Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria maxima
Xu Yang, Xingju Song, Jing Liu, Qingzhong Chen, Tongwei An, Qun Liu
Veterinary Parasitology.2022; 312: 109813. CrossRef
Veteriner protozoolojide aşı uygulamalarına güncel yaklaşım
Ahmet GÖKSU, Hatice ÇİÇEK
Journal of Advances in VetBio Science and Techniques.2021; 6(2): 179. CrossRef
Brief History and Advancements of Vaccination Against Avian Coccidiosis: A Review

Science Letters.2021; 9(2): 31. CrossRef
Sexual Development in Non-Human Parasitic Apicomplexa: Just Biology or Targets for Control?
Teresa Cruz-Bustos, Anna Sophia Feix, Bärbel Ruttkowski, Anja Joachim
Animals.2021; 11(10): 2891. CrossRef
Characterization of Cystoisospora suis sexual stages in vitro
Anna Sophia Feix, Teresa Cruz-Bustos, Bärbel Ruttkowski, Anja Joachim
Parasites & Vectors.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Immunoprophylactic evaluation of recombinant gametocyte 22 antigen of Eimeria tenella in broiler chickens
Shafiya Imtiaz Rafiqi, Rajat Garg, Hira Ram, K. K. Reena, Mayurkumar Asari, Priyanka Kumari, V. R. Kundave, Mithilesh Singh, P. S. Banerjee
Parasitology Research.2019; 118(3): 945. CrossRef
A review of Eimeria antigen identification for the development of novel anticoccidial vaccines
J. Venkatas, M. A. Adeleke
Parasitology Research.2019; 118(6): 1701. CrossRef
Optimization of Immunization Procedure for Eimeria tenella DNA Vaccine pVAX1-pEtK2-IL-2 and Its Stability
Bucai Zhang, Cheng Yuan, Xiaokai Song, Lixin Xu, Ruofeng Yan, Muhammad Ali A. Shah, Changming Guo, Shanyuan Zhu, Xiangrui Li
Acta Parasitologica.2019; 64(4): 745. CrossRef
Recent advances in delivery of veterinary DNA vaccines against avian pathogens
Seyed Davoud Jazayeri, Chit Laa Poh
Veterinary Research.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Passive immunization with Eimeria tenella gametocyte antigen 56 (EtGAM56) specific antibodies and active immunization trial with the epitope containing peptide
Stefanie Wiedmer, Alaa Aldin Alnassan, Beate Volke, Ahmed Thabet, Arwid Daugschies, Matthias Lendner, Michael Kurth
Veterinary Parasitology.2017; 247: 100. CrossRef
Recombinant anticoccidial vaccines - a cup half full?
Damer P. Blake, Iván Pastor-Fernández, Matthew J. Nolan, Fiona M. Tomley
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DNA vaccination of poultry: The current status in 2015
Marine Meunier, Marianne Chemaly, Daniel Dory
Vaccine.2016; 34(2): 202. CrossRef
Development of immunization trials against Eimeria spp.
Tarek A. Ahmad, Bassant A. El-Sayed, Laila H. El-Sayed
Trials in Vaccinology.2016; 5: 38. CrossRef
Construction of Eimeria tenella multi-epitope DNA vaccines and their protective efficacies against experimental infection
Xiaokai Song, Lixin Xu, Ruofeng Yan, Xinmei Huang, Xiangrui Li
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology.2015; 166(3-4): 79. CrossRef
Immunization with recombinant 3-1E protein in AbISCO®-300 adjuvant induced protective immunity against Eimeria acervulina infection in chickens
Ying Zhang, Lixia Wang, Wenke Ruan, Jianjun Zhang, Peng Yao, Sai Zhou, Jian An
Experimental Parasitology.2014; 141: 75. CrossRef
Securing poultry production from the ever-present Eimeria challenge
Damer P. Blake, Fiona M. Tomley
Trends in Parasitology.2014; 30(1): 12. CrossRef
Strategies for anti-coccidial prophylaxis
DAVID M. WITCOMBE, NICHOLAS C. SMITH
Parasitology.2014; 141(11): 1379. CrossRef

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Protective and Anti-Pathology Effects of Sm Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase-Based DNA Vaccine against Schistosoma mansoni by Changing Route of Injection: Mohamed Saber, Tarek Diab, Olft Hammam, Amr Karim, Amina Medhat, Mamdouh Khela, Ehab El-Dabaa; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):155-163.
Published online April 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.155

Abstract
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This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of fructose-1,6-bis phosphate aldolase (SMALDO) DNA vaccination against Schistosoma mansoni infection using different routes of injection. The SMALDO has been cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1/V5-His TOPO-TA and was used in injecting Swiss albino mice intramuscularly (IM), subcutaneously (SC), or intraperitoneally (IP) (50 ?g/mouse). Mice vaccinated with non-recombinant pcDNA3.1 served as controls. Each group was immunized 4 times at weeks 0, 2, 4, and 6. Two weeks after the last booster dose, all mice groups were infected with 80 S. mansoni cercariae via tail immersion. At week 8 post-infection, animals were sacrificed for assessment of parasitological and histopathological parameters. High anti-SMALDO IgG antibody titers were detected in sera of all vaccinated groups (P<0.01) compared to the control group. Both the IP and SC vaccination routes resulted in a significant reduction in worm burden (46.2% and 28.9%, respectively, P<0.01). This was accompanied by a significant reduction in hepatic and intestinal egg counts (41.7% and 40.2%, respectively, P<0.01) in the IP group only. The number of dead eggs was significantly increased in both IP and IM groups (P<0.01). IP vaccination recorded the highest significant reduction in granuloma number and diameter (54.7% and 29.2%, respectively, P<0.01) and significant increase in dead miracidia (P<0.01). In conclusion, changing the injection route of SMALDO DNA vaccination significantly influenced the efficacy of vaccination. SMALDO DNA vaccination via IP route could be a promising protective and anti-pathology vaccine candidate against S. mansoni infection.

Citations

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Glycolytic Enzymes as Vaccines Against Schistosomiasis: Testing Schistosoma mansoni Phosphoglycerate Mutase in Mice
David B. Pirovich, Akram A. Da'dara, Patrick J. Skelly
Journal of Parasitology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Multifunctional Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase as a Therapeutic Target
David B. Pirovich, Akram A. Da’dara, Patrick J. Skelly
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Characterization of Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase 1 of Echinococcus multilocularis
Xuedong He, Jing Zhang, Yue Sun, Tianyan Lan, Xiaola Guo, Xiaoqiang Wang, Omnia M. Kandil, Mazhar Ayaz, Xuenong Luo, Houhui Song, Yadong Zheng
Veterinary Sciences.2021; 9(1): 4. CrossRef
Proteomic analysis of adult Schistosoma mekongi somatic and excretory-secretory proteins
Onrapak Reamtong, Nattapon Simanon, Tipparat Thiangtrongjit, Yanin Limpanont, Phiraphol Chusongsang, Yupa Chusongsang, Songtham Anuntakarun, Sunchai Payungporn, Orawan Phuphisut, Poom Adisakwattana
Acta Tropica.2020; 202: 105247. CrossRef
Amelioration of type 1 diabetes by recombinant fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase and cystatin derived from Schistosoma japonicum in a murine model
Ke Yan, Bo Wang, Huabang Zhou, Qingli Luo, Jilong Shen, Yunxia Xu, Zhengrong Zhong
Parasitology Research.2020; 119(1): 203. CrossRef
Linking murine resistance to secondary cystic echinococcosis with antibody responses targeting Echinococcus granulosus tegumental antigens
Sebastián Miles, Javier Magnone, Marek Cyrklaff, Paula Arbildi, Friedrich Frischknecht, Sylvia Dematteis, Gustavo Mourglia-Ettlin
Immunobiology.2020; 225(3): 151916. CrossRef
Interactome analysis of CD5 and CD6 ectodomains with tegumental antigens from the helminth parasite Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato
Sebastián Miles, María Velasco-de-Andrés, Francisco Lozano, Gustavo Mourglia-Ettlin
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2020; 164: 3718. CrossRef
Protein extract from head-foot tissue of Oncomelania hupensis promotes the growth and development of mother sporocysts of Schistosoma japonicum via upregulation of parasite aldolase gene
Ting Chai, Sijing Zhu, Huifen Dong, Zhenping Ming
Parasitology Research.2019; 118(6): 1821. CrossRef
Comparative study of excretory–secretory proteins released by Schistosoma mansoni-resistant, susceptible and naïve Biomphalaria glabrata
Conor E. Fogarty, Min Zhao, Donald P. McManus, Mary G. Duke, Scott F. Cummins, Tianfang Wang
Parasites & Vectors.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Why Do Intravascular Schistosomes Coat Themselves in Glycolytic Enzymes?
David Pirovich, Akram A. Da'dara, Patrick J. Skelly
BioEssays.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Schistosomiasis in Egypt: A never-ending story?
Ahmad A. Othman, Rasha H. Soliman
Acta Tropica.2015; 148: 179. CrossRef
Cloning, expression, and partial characterization of FBPA from Schistosoma japonicum, a molecule on that the fluke may develop nutrition competition and immune evasion from human
Qiping Hu, Huiqiong Xie, Shuyu Zhu, Dejun Liao, Tingzheng Zhan, Dengyu Liu
Parasitology Research.2015; 114(9): 3459. CrossRef
Evaluation of Echinostoma liei worm, metacercaria and redia antigens for schistosomiasis control
G. Abdel-Monaem, A. Farid, I. Rabia, A. El-Amir
Experimental Parasitology.2015; 157: 23. CrossRef

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Effect of Ketoconazole, a Cytochrome P450 Inhibitor, on the Efficacy of Quinine and Halofantrine against Schistosoma mansoni in Mice: Sayed Hassan Seif el-Din, Abdel-Nasser Abdel-Aal Sabra, Olfat Ali Hammam, Naglaa Mohamed El-Lakkany; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):165-175.
Published online April 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.165

Abstract
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The fear that schistosomes will become resistant to praziquantel (PZQ) motivates the search for alternatives to treat schistosomiasis. The antimalarials quinine (QN) and halofantrine (HF) possess moderate antischistosomal properties. The major metabolic pathway of QN and HF is through cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4. Accordingly, this study investigates the effects of CYP3A4 inhibitor, ketoconazole (KTZ), on the antischistosomal potential of these quinolines against Schistosoma mansoni infection by evaluating parasitological, histopathological, and biochemical parameters. Mice were classified into 7 groups: uninfected untreated (I), infected untreated (II), infected treated orally with PZQ (1,000 mg/kg) (III), QN (400 mg/kg) (IV), KTZ (10 mg/kg)+QN as group IV (V), HF (400 mg/kg) (VI), and KTZ (as group V)+HF (as group VI) (VII). KTZ plus QN or HF produced more inhibition (P<0.05) in hepatic CYP450 (85.7% and 83.8%) and CYT b5 (75.5% and 73.5%) activities, respectively, than in groups treated with QN or HF alone. This was accompanied with more reduction in female (89.0% and 79.3%), total worms (81.4% and 70.3%), and eggs burden (hepatic; 83.8%, 66.0% and intestinal; 68%, 64.5%), respectively, and encountering the granulomatous reaction to parasite eggs trapped in the liver. QN and HF significantly (P<0.05) elevated malondialdehyde levels when used alone or with KTZ. Meanwhile, KTZ plus QN or HF restored serum levels of ALT, albumin, and reduced hepatic glutathione (KTZ+HF) to their control values. KTZ enhanced the therapeutic antischistosomal potential of QN and HF over each drug alone. Moreover, the effect of KTZ+QN was more evident than KTZ+HF.

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Anti-fibrotic Effect of Oral Versus Intraperitoneal Administration of Gold Nanoparticles in Hepatic Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Mice
Shahira Abdelaziz Ali Ahmed, Samer Eid Mohamed Gad, Omima Mohamed Eida, Laila Mohamed Makhlouf
Acta Parasitologica.2024; 69(1): 190. CrossRef
Evaluation of the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacies of mucus and tissue nucleoproteins extracted from Biomphalaria alexandrina snails on schistosomiasis mansoni
Esraa H. Nafie, Maha M. Abou-Gamra, Hanan S. Mossalem, Rania M. Sarhan, Olfat A. Hammam, Sami M. Nasr, Mona M. Anwar
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2024; 48(3): 551. CrossRef
Screening and verification of CYP3A4 inhibitors from Bushen-Yizhi formula to enhance the bioavailability of osthole in rat plasma
Jin-man Liu, Jun-mei Chen, Ming-jun Lin, Fan-chang Wu, Cui-ru Ma, Xue Zuo, Wen-qian Yu, Ming-jun Huang, Jian-song Fang, Wei-rong Li, Qi Wang, Yong Liang
Journal of Ethnopharmacology.2022; 282: 114643. CrossRef
The effect of ivermectin alone and in combination with cobicistat or elacridar in experimental Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice
Belén Vicente, Julio López-Abán, Juliane Chaccour, Juan Hernández-Goenaga, Patricia Nicolas, Pedro Fernández-Soto, Antonio Muro, Carlos Chaccour
Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
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Mark C. Howell, Ryan Green, Roukiah Khalil, Elspeth Foran, Waise Quarni, Rajesh Nair, Stanley Stevens, Aleksandr Grinchuk, Andrew Hanna, Shyam Mohapatra, Subhra Mohapatra
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Fathy A. El‐Saied, Tarek A. Salem, Mohamad M.E. Shakdofa, Ahmed N. Al‐Hakimi
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Viatcheslav A. Mordvinov, Alexander G. Shilov, Maria Y. Pakharukova
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Cytochrome P450/ABC transporter inhibition simultaneously enhances ivermectin pharmacokinetics in the mammal host and pharmacodynamics in Anopheles gambiae
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Dot-Blot Immunoassay of Fasciola gigantica Infection using 27 kDa and Adult Worm Regurge Antigens in Egyptian Patients: Hanan H. Kamel, Ghada A. Saad, Rania M. Sarhan; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):177-182.
Published online April 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.177

Abstract
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The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the potential role of the 27-Kilodalton (KDa) antigen versus Fasciola gigantica adult worm regurge antigens in a DOT-Blot assay and to assess this assay as a practical tool for diagnosis fascioliasis in Egyptian patients. Fasciola gigantica antigen of an approximate molecular mass 27-(KDa) was obtained from adult worms by a simple elution SDS-PAGE. A Dot-Blot was developed comparatively to adult worm regurge antigens for the detection of specific antibodies from patients infected with F. gigantica in Egypt. Control sera were obtained from patients with other parasitic infections and healthy volunteers to assess the test and compare between the antigens. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of Dot-Blot using the adult worm regurge were 80%, 90%, 94.1%, and 69.2% respectively, while those using 27-KDa were 100% which confirms the diagnostic potential of this antigen. All patients infected with Fasciola were positive, with cross reactivity reported with Schistosoma mansoni serum samples. This 27-KDa Dot-Blot assay showed to be a promising test which can be used for serodiagnosis of fascioliasis in Egyptian patients especially, those presenting with hepatic disease. It is specific, sensitive and easy to perform method for the rapid diagnosis particularly when more complex laboratory tests are unavailable.

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Echinostoma revolutum: Freshwater Snails as the Second Intermediate Hosts in Chiang Mai, Thailand: Kittichai Chantima, Jong-Yil Chai, Chalobol Wongsawad; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):183-189.
Published online April 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.183

Abstract
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The occurrence of 37-collar spined echinostome metacercariae in freshwater snails was investigated in 6 districts of Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, from October 2011 to April 2012. A total of 2,914 snails that belong to 12 species were examined, and 7 snail species (Clea helena, Eyriesia eyriesi, Bithynia funiculata, Bithynia siamensis siamensis, Filopaludina doliaris, Filopaludina sumatrensis polygramma, and Filopaludina martensi martensi) were found infected with echinostome metacercariae. The prevalence of metacercariae was the highest in Filopaludina spp. (38.5-58.7%) followed by B. funiculata (44.0%), E. eyriesi (12.5%), B. siamensis siamensis (8.2%), and C. helena (5.1%). Metacercariae were experimentally fed to hamsters and domestic chicks, and adult flukes were recovered from both hosts at days 15 and 20 post-infection. The adult flukes were identified based on morphological features, morphometrics, host-parasite relationships, and geographical distribution. They were compatible to Echinostoma revolutum or Echinostoma jurini, with only minor differences. As the adults were recovered from both hamsters and chicks, our specimens were more compatible to E. revolutum rather than E. jurini (reported only from mammals). This is the first report for metacercariae of E. revolutum in the snail host, C. helena, and also confirmed that Filopaludina spp., E. eryresi, and Bithynia spp. act as the second intermediate hosts of E. revolutum under natural conditions, which are indigenously distributed in Chiang Mai province.

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Echinostoma macrorchis in Lao PDR: Metacercariae in Cipangopaludina Snails and Adults from Experimentally Infected Animals: Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai, Byoung-Kuk Na, Tai-Soon Yong, Keeseon S. Eom, Hansol Park, Duk-Young Min, Han-Jong Rim; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):191-196.
Published online April 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.191

Abstract
PDF

The echinostome metacercariae encysted in Cipangopaludina sp. snails that were purchased from a market in Vientiane Municipality, Lao PDR, were identified as Echinostoma macrorchis (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) through recovery of adult flukes after experimental infection to rats and a cat. The metacercariae were round, 113-128 (121)×113-125 (120) ?m, having a thick cyst wall, a head collar armed with collar spines, and excretory granules. The adult flukes recovered from the rats and cat at day 14 and 30 post-infection, respectively, were elongated, ventrally curved, and 3.9-6.3×0.7-1.1 mm in size. The head collar was distinct, bearing 43-45 collar spines with 5 angle spines on each side. Two testes were large (as the name implies), tandem, and slightly constricted at the middle, with irregular margins. Eggs were operculated, ovoid to elliptical, and 88-95×56-60 ?m. In scanning electron microscopy, the head collar was prominent, with 43-45 collar spines. Scale-like tegumental spines were densely distributed on the ventral surface between the oral and ventral suckers. Sensory papillae were distributed mainly on the tegument around the 2 suckers. It is confirmed that E. macrorchis is distributed in Lao PDR using Cipangopaludina sp. snails as the second intermediate host.

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Molecular Characterization of Taenia multiceps Isolates from Gansu Province, China by Sequencing of Mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit 1: Wen Hui Li, Wan Zhong Jia, Zi Gang Qu, Zhi Zhou Xie, Jian Xun Luo, Hong Yin, Xiao Lin Sun, Radu Blaga, Bao Quan Fu; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):197-201.
Published online April 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.197

Abstract
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A total of 16 Taenia multiceps isolates collected from naturally infected sheep or goats in Gansu Province, China were characterized by sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene. The complete cox1 gene was amplified for individual T. multiceps isolates by PCR, ligated to pMD18T vector, and sequenced. Sequence analysis indicated that out of 16 T. multiceps isolates 10 unique cox1 gene sequences of 1,623 bp were obtained with sequence variation of 0.12-0.68%. The results showed that the cox1 gene sequences were highly conserved among the examined T. multiceps isolates. However, they were quite different from those of the other Taenia species. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete cox1 gene sequences revealed that T. multiceps isolates were composed of 3 genotypes and distinguished from the other Taenia species.

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Sayed Ajmal Qurishi, Hong-Bin Yan, Li Li, John Aeskhaen Ohiolei, Mughees Aizaz Alvi, Lin-Sheng Zhang, Ha Da, Hong-Mei Qiao, Nigus Abebe Shumuye, Bao Hua, Bing-Xin Bai, Wen-Jun Tian, Ju-Mei Xu, Bao-Quan Fu, Wan-Zhong Jia
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Said Amer, Ahmed ElKhatam, Yasuhiro Fukuda, Lamia I. Bakr, Shereif Zidan, Ahmed Elsify, Mostafa A. Mohamed, Chika Tada, Yutaka Nakai
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A Fatal Case of Naegleria fowleri Meningoencephalitis in Taiwan: Mei-Yu Su, Ming-Shih Lee, Ling-Yuh Shyu, Wei-Chen Lin, Pei-Ching Hsiao, Chi-Ping Wang, Dar-Der Ji, Ke-Min Chen, Shih-Chan Lai; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):203-206.
Published online April 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.203

Abstract
PDF

After bathing at a hot spring resort, a 75-year-old man presented to the emergency department because of seizure-like attack with loss of conscious. This is the first case of primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) caused by Naegleria fowleri in Taiwan. PAM was diagnosed based on detection of actively motile trophozoites in cerebrospinal fluid using a wet-mount smear and the Liu's stain. The amoebae were further confirmed by PCR and gene sequencing. In spite of administering amphotericin B treatment, the patient died 25 days later.

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Isospora belli Infection with Chronic Diarrhea in an Alcoholic Patient: Min Jae Kim, Woo Ho Kim, Hyun-Chae Jung, Jee-Won Chai, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):207-212.
Published online April 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.207

Abstract
PDF

Chronic diarrhea with a 35 kg weight loss (75 kg to 40 kg) occurred during 2 years in an alcoholic patient was diagnosed with Isospora belli infection in the Republic of Korea. The patient, a 70-year old Korean male, had been a heavy drinker for more than 30 years. He was admitted to the Seoul National University Hospital because of long-standing diarrhea and severe weight loss. He had an increased white blood cell (WBC) count with high peripheral blood eosinophilia (36.8-39.9%) and lowered protein and albumin levels but without any evidence of immunosuppression. A parasitic infection was suspected and fecal examination was repeated 3 times with negative results. Peroral endoscopy with mural biopsy was performed in the upper jejunum. The biopsy specimens revealed villous atrophy with loss of villi together with various life cycle stages of I. belli, including trophozoites, schizonts, merozoites, macrogamonts, and microgamonts. The patient was treated successfully with oral doses of trimethoprim 160-320 mg and sulfamethoxazole 800-1,600 mg daily for 4 weeks. A follow-up evaluation at 2.5 years later revealed marked improvement of body weight (68 kg), increased protein and albumin levels, and normal WBC count with low eosinophils (3.1%). This is the first clinical case of isoporiasis with demonstration of various parasitic stages in the Republic of Korea.

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Intestinal coccidian parasites as an underestimated cause of travellers’ diarrhoea in Polish immunocompetent patients
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Vasiliki Boulaki, Dimitrios Vlachakis, Smaragda Sotiraki, Sophia Kossida
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A Case of Plasmodium ovale Malaria Imported from West Africa: Yunjung Kang, Jinyoung Yang; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):213-218.
Published online April 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.213

Abstract
PDF

Malaria is a parasitic infection caused by Plasmodium species. Most of the imported malaria in Korea are due to Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum, and Plasmodium ovale infections are very rare. Here, we report a case of a 24-year-old American woman who acquired P. ovale while staying in Ghana, West Africa for 5 months in 2010. The patient was diagnosed with P. ovale malaria based on a Wright-Giemsa stained peripheral blood smear, Plasmodium genus-specific real-time PCR, Plasmodium species-specific nested PCR, and sequencing targeting 18S rRNA gene. The strain identified had a very long incubation period of 19-24 months. Blood donors who have malaria with a very long incubation period could be a potential danger for propagating malaria. Therefore, we should identify imported P. ovale infections not only by morphological findings but also by molecular methods for preventing propagation and appropriate treatment.

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Choon Mee Kim, Jun-Won Seo, Da Young Kim, Na Ra Yun, Beomgi Lee, You Mi Lee, Munawir Muhammad, Dong-Min Kim
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Diagnosis and Molecular Analysis on Imported Plasmodium ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri Malaria Cases from West and South Africa during 2013-2016
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(1): 61. CrossRef
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Joachim Richter, Gabriele Franken, Martha C. Holtfreter, Susanne Walter, Alfons Labisch, Heinz Mehlhorn
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Makhtar Niang, Laty Gaye Thiam, Abdourahmane Sow, Cheikh Loucoubar, Ndeye Sakha Bob, Fode Diop, Babacar Diouf, Oumy Niass, Annick Mansourou, Marie Louise Varela, Ronald Perraut, Amadou A Sall, Aissatou Toure-Balde
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2013; 51(5): 557. CrossRef

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Trichinosis Caused by Ingestion of Raw Soft-Shelled Turtle Meat in Korea: Sang-Rok Lee, Sang-Hoon Yoo, Hyun-Seon Kim, Seung-Ha Lee, Min Seo; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):219-221.
Published online April 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.219

Abstract
PDF

Reptiles, unlike mammals, have been considered to be unsuitable hosts of Trichinella spp., though larvae have been detected in their muscles and human outbreaks related to their consumption have, in fact, occurred. Herein we report 2 Korean cases of trichinosis, possibly transmitted via consumption of reptile meat. Both patients suffered from myalgia, headache, and facial edema. Laboratory examinations revealed leukocytosis with eosinophilia (54% and 39%, respectively) and elevated creatinine phosphokinase. ELISA was performed under the suspicion of trichinosis, showing positivity at the 29th and 60th day post-infection. Since they had consumed raw soft-shelled turtle meat, turtle was strongly suggested to be an infection source of trichinosis in Korea next to the wild boar and badger.

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Epidemiology of trichinellosis in the People's Republic of China during 2009–2020
Xin Zhuo Zhang, Zhong Quan Wang, Jing Cui
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Yi Liu, Zijian Dong, Jianda Pang, Mingyuan Liu, Xuemin Jin
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JINGMEI LUO, LI YU, GUANGCHENG XIE, DAN LI, MENG SU, XUERONG ZHAO, LUANYING DU
Parasitology.2017; 144(6): 793. CrossRef
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María P. Saracino, Marcela A. Calcagno, Emilia Bilen Beauche, Ariel Garnier, Cecilia C. Vila, Hugo Granchetti, María R. Taus, Stella M. Venturiello
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Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Intraocular Cysticercosis: Juan-Juan Li, Li-Wei Zhang, Hua Li, Zhu-Lin Hu; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):223-229.
Published online April 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.223

Abstract
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This study aimed to explore the clinical, radiological, and pathological characteristics of intraocular cysticercosis due to Taenia solium metacestode infection. Total 8 patients diagnosed with intraocular cysticercosis at the Red Cross Hospital of Yunnan Province, China were examined retrospectively. Patients with clear dioptic media had undergone fundus chromophotography. All patients underwent B ultrasonography of the ocular region (CT) successive scanning of the orbit and cerebral tissues. Parasites were extracted surgically and then examined pathologically. The fundus chromophotography showed a white and condensing scolex package in the vesicle. The B ultrasonic examination showed a vesicle-like echogenic mass in the vitreous chamber, in which the high-level echo spot was the cysticercus scolex. The pathological examinations showed that the vesicle wall exhibited hyaline degeneration, inflammatory cell infiltration, neuroglial fiber, and glial cell proliferation layers from the inside to the outside. The scolex is round and is composed of the outer tissue (the body wall) and the inner furrow tissue; these tissues migrated together. Primordially differentiated sucking discs were found in one case, but no hooklets were found. The inner scolex tissue was folded like a paper flower. The severity of intraocular disease is closely correlated with the pathophysiological processes of the cysticercus worm. Pathological examination of the intraocular lesions can help to evaluate the course of the disease as well as to provide a scientific basis for effective antiparasitic medication.

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Dipankar Das, Harsha Bhattacharjee, Kasturi Bhattacharjee, Manab Jyoti Barman, Saidul Islam, Bidhan Chandra Das, Saurabh Deshmukh, Apurba Deka, Palak Chirania, Nitu Kumari
Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology.2023; 66(1): 152. CrossRef
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Meenakshi Mahesh, Marian Pauly, Shruthi M Krishna, M Raman, Jyotirmay Biswas
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Subretinal Cysticercosis Extraction With Bimanual, 3-D, Heads–Up-Assisted Pars Plana Vitrectomy: Clinicopathological Correlation and Surgical Technique
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Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina.2018; 49(9): 708. CrossRef
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Dipankar Das, Varsha Ramachandra, Saidul Islam, Harsha Bhattacharjee, Jyotirmay Biswas, Akanksha Koul, Panna Deka, Apurba Deka
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology.2016; 64(11): 794. CrossRef
Solitary Cysticercosis in Eye: Literature Review and A Hypothesis on Transmission of Infection
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Anterior segment optical coherence tomography of live ocular cysticercosis
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Brief Communications

Different Clinical Outcomes of Entamoeba histolytica in Malaysia: Does Genetic Diversity Exist?: Tengku Shahrul Anuar, Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi, Mohamed Kamel Abdul Ghani, Siti Nor Azreen, Fatmah Md Salleh, Nuraffini Ghazali, Mekadina Bernadus, Norhayati Moktar; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):231-236.
Published online April 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.231

Abstract
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The present study was conducted to investigate the clinical outcomes of Entamoeba histolytica infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic Orang Asli (aborigine) communities in Malaysia. Examination was performed on 500 stool samples obtained from Orang Asli communities in 3 different states using formalin-ether concentration, trichrome staining, and single-round PCR techniques. Out of 500 stool samples, single infection of E. histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, and Entamoeba moshkovskii was identified in 3.2%, 13.4%, and 1%, respectively. In addition, 10 samples had mixed infections with E. histolytica and E. dispar. Six samples containing E. dispar were also positive for E. moshkovskii, and only 2 samples had E. histolytica in association with E. dispar and E. moshkovskii. Seventeen E. histolytica-positive samples were from symptomatic subjects, whereas the remaining 11 samples came from asymptomatic subjects. These findings suggest a predominant distribution of pathogenic potential of E. histolytica strains in this community. Therefore, further studies on genotyping of E. histolytica is required, to find out association between E. histolytica genotype and the outcome of the infection.

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Diversity and Plasticity of Virulent Characteristics of Entamoeba histolytica
Yasuaki Yanagawa, Upinder Singh
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2023; 8(5): 255. CrossRef
Genetic Sequencing-Based Analysis of Virulence Determinants in Entamoeba Species
Ali Mohsin Zghair, Imen Khammari, Hamed Chouaieb, Samar Ismail, Amal Khudair Khalaf, Akila Fathallah
Journal of Medical Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research.2023; 3(1): 30. CrossRef
Molecular Identification and Prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba moshkovskii in Erbil City, Northern Iraq
SHLER AKRAM FAQE MAHMOOD, HAWRI MUSTAFA BAKR
Polish Journal of Microbiology.2020; 69(3): 263. CrossRef
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Narumol Khomkhum, Somphob Leetachewa, Aulia Rahmi Pawestri, Saengduen Moonsom
Parasites & Vectors.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
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Joyobrato Nath, Sankar Kumar Ghosh, Baby Singha, Jaishree Paul, Rashidul Haque
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Mark Bonner, Véronique Amard, Charlotte Bar-Pinatel, Frédéric Charpentier, Jean-Michel Chatard, Yvan Desmuyck, Serge Ihler, Jean-Pierre Rochet, Véronique Roux de La Tribouille, Luc Saladin, Marion Verdy, Núria Gironès, Manuel Fresno, Julien Santi-Rocca
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Sensitive and Rapid Detection of Giardia lamblia Infection in Pet Dogs using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification: Jie Li, Peiyuan Wang, Aiguo Zhang, Ping Zhang, Muhamd Alsarakibi, Guoqing Li; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):237-241.
Published online April 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.237

Abstract
PDF

Giardia lamblia is recognized as one of the most prevalent parasites in dogs. The present study aimed to establish a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid and specific detection of G. lamblia from dogs. The fecal samples were collected and prepared for microscopic analysis, and then the genomic DNA was extracted directly from purified cysts. The concentration of DNA samples of G. lamblia were diluted by 10-fold serially ranging from 10^-1 to 10^-5 ng/?l for LAMP and PCR assays. The LAMP assay allows the amplification to be finished within 60 min under isothermal conditions of 63℃ by employing 6 oligonucleotide primers designed based on G. lamblia elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1α) gene sequence. Our tests showed that the specific amplification products were obtained only with G. lamblia, while no amplification products were detected with DNA of other related protozoans. Sensitivity evaluation indicated that the LAMP assay was sensitive 10 times more than PCR. It is concluded that LAMP is a rapid, highly sensitive and specific DNA amplification technique for detection of G. lamblia, which has implications for effective control and prevention of giardiasis.

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Evaluation of loop mediated isothermal amplification, quantitative real-time PCR, conventional PCR methods for identifying Ascaris lumbricoides in human stool samples
Mamta Thakur, Abhishek Mewara, PVM Lakshmi, Sucheta Guleria, Sumeeta Khurana
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease.2025; 112(3): 116808. CrossRef
Evaluation of Touchdown Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for the Detection of Giardia duodenalis
Márton Hartdégen, András József Laki, Kolos Farkasvölgyi, Kristóf Iván, Judit Plutzer
Parasitologia.2025; 5(2): 25. CrossRef
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Sandhya Khunger, Abhishek Mewara, Upninder Kaur, Ajay Duseja, Pallab Ray, Naveen Kalra, Navneet Sharma, Rakesh Sehgal
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Tingting Liu, Kairao Hu, Meiyi Chen, Hongrong Hong, Xi Jiang, Rongsheng Huang, Yiwen Wang, Jing Huang, Xingang Yu, Quan Liu, Zhengkai Wei
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Mona K. Hegazy, Nora E. Saleh, Wafaa A. Aboukamar
Experimental Parasitology.2023; 251: 108556. CrossRef
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Abhishek Mewara, Sandhya Khunger, Chayan Sharma, Sivanantham Krishnamoorthi, Shreya Singh, Rakesh Yadav, Sumeeta Khurana, Rakesh Sehgal
Letters in Applied Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Norhamizah Roshidi, Norsyahida Arifin, Francisco Gonzalez Salazar
Journal of Parasitology Research.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
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Laura F. Lalonde, Vincent Xie, Jenna R. Oakley, Vladislav A. Lobanov
Food and Waterborne Parasitology.2021; : e00123. CrossRef
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Mona K. Hegazy, Soha I. Awad, Nora E. Saleh, Mamdouh M. Hegazy
Experimental Parasitology.2020; 211: 107869. CrossRef
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Jinhong Zhao, Wei Xu, Genjun Tu, Yongkang Zhou, Xiaobing Wu
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Aongart Mahittikorn, Nipa Thammasonthijarern, Amonrattana Roobthaisong, Ruenruetai Udonsom, Supaluk Popruk, Sukhontha Siri, Hirotake Mori, Yaowalark Sukthana
Parasites & Vectors.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Development of a Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Diagnosis ofAscaris lumbricoidesin Fecal Samples
Esther A. Shiraho, Agola L. Eric, Ibrahim N. Mwangi, Geoffrey M. Maina, Joseph M. Kinuthia, Martin W. Mutuku, Robert M. Mugambi, Jackson M. Mwandi, Gerald M. Mkoji
Journal of Parasitology Research.2016; 2016: 1. CrossRef
Molecular Detection of <i>Giardia intestinalis</i> from Stray Dogs in Animal Shelters of Gyeongsangbuk-do (Province) and Daejeon, Korea
Jin-Cheol Shin, Alisha Wehdnesday Bernardo Reyes, Sang-Hun Kim, Suk Kim, Hyung-Jin Park, Kyoung-Won Seo, Kun-Ho Song
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2015; 53(4): 477. CrossRef
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The Dimension of Trichomonas vaginalis as Measured by Scanning Electron Microscopy: Sang-Hoon Cheon, Seung Ryong Kim, Hyun-Ouk Song, Myoung-Hee Ahn, Jae-Sook Ryu; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):243-246.
Published online April 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.243

Abstract
PDF

It is known that physicochemical conditions (e.g., pH, temperature, and ionic strength) affect the size of trichomonads. In this study, the sizes of 4 isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis cultured for more than a year (called "old T") and 3 isolates freshly isolated from vaginitis cases (called "fresh T") were compared by scanning electron microscopy. Although the fresh T had shorter body length, body width, and flagellar length than old T, total length (about 26 ?m), including body length, flagella length, and axostyle length was almost the same in the 2 groups. A striking difference was observed between the axostyles of the 2 groups; the axostyle length of the fresh T (8.2 ?m) was more than twice as long as that of the old T (4.0 ?m). However, in several parasitology textbooks, the length of T. vaginalis is said to vary widely from 7 to 32 ?m, and its undulating membrane is said to extend about half way (53.5%) to the posterior end of the body. On the other hand, in our study, the undulating membrane was observed to extend more than 3/4 of the body length (72.1%) in old T, whereas in fresh T it could not be measured. Taken together, we suggest that T. vaginalis averages 26 (21-32) ?m in total length, with 9.5 (7.4-11.4) ?m of body length and 6.8 (5.3-7.7) ?m of width, and its undulating membrane extending 3/4 of its body length. Therefore, these findings may provide useful information for morphological characteristics of T. vaginalis.

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In vitro co-culture model of Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, and Lactobacillus crispatus: a system for assessing antimicrobial activity and microorganism interactions in vaginitis
Fernanda Gomes Cardoso, Luisa Trindade dos Santos, Saulo Almeida Menezes, Graziela Vargas Rigo, Tiana Tasca
Frontiers in Parasitology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Inflammatory response to Trichomonas vaginalis in the pathogenesis of prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia
Ik-Hwan Han, Jung-Hyun Kim, Jae-Sook Ryu
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(1): 2. CrossRef
Neutrophil interactions with the sexually transmitted parasite Trichomonas vaginalis: implications for immunity and pathogenesis
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Frances Mercer, Shek Hang Ng, Taylor M. Brown, Grace Boatman, Patricia J. Johnson, Fred Hughson
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Prostatic Disease Associated withTrichomonas vaginalis
Jae-Sook Ryu
The Korean Journal of Urogenital Tract Infection and Inflammation.2014; 9(2): 61. CrossRef

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Generation and Immunity Testing of a Recombinant Adenovirus Expressing NcSRS2-NcGRA7 Fusion Protein of Bovine Neospora caninum: Li-Jun Jia, Shou-Fa Zhang, Nian-Chao Qian, Xue-Nan Xuan, Long-Zheng Yu, Xue-Mei Zhang, Ming-Ming Liu; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):247-253.
Published online April 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.247

Abstract
PDF

Neospora caninum is the etiologic agent of bovine neosporosis, which affects the reproductive performance of cattle worldwide. The transmembrane protein, NcSRS2, and dense-granule protein, NcGRA7, were identified as protective antigens based on their ability to induce significant protective immune responses in murine neosporosis models. In the current study, NcSRS2 and NcGRA7 genes were spliced by overlap-extension PCR in a recombinant adenovirus termed Ad5-NcSRS2-NcGRA 7, expressing the NcSRS2-NcGRA7 gene, and the efficacy was evaluated in mice. The results showed that the titer of the recombinant adenovirus was 10⁹TCID₅₀/ml. Three weeks post-boost immunization (w.p.b.i.), the IgG antibody titer in sera was as high as 1:4,096. IFN-γ and IL-4 levels were significantly different from the control group (P<0.01). This research established a solid foundation for the development of a recombinant adenovirus vaccine against bovine N. caninum.

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In Vitro Effects of SB202190 on Echinococcus granulosus: Hailong Lv, Siyuan Li, Jing Zhang, Weihua Liang, Xiaoling Mu, Yufeng Jiang; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):255-258.
Published online April 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.255

Abstract
PDF

Spillage of cyst contents during surgical operation is the major cause of recurrence after hydatid cyst surgery. Instillation of a scolicidal agent into a hepatic hydatid cyst is the most commonly employed measure to prevent this complication. SB202190 is a pyridinyl imidazole derivative and is known to be a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK. In the present study, the scolicidal effect of SB202190 was investigated. Freshly isolated Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices were subjected to SB202190 treatment (10, 20, 40, and 80 ?M), and the effects on parasite viability were monitored by trypan blue staining. Corresponding effects were visualized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Dose-dependent protoscolex death within a few days of SB202190 treatment was observed. Although the in vitro scolicidal effect of SB202190 was satisfactory, the in vivo efficacy of this drug and also possible side effects remain to be further investigated.

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Chemical Composition and Antiparasitic Effects of Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl., Essential Oil against Echinococcus granulosus Protoscoleces
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Propofol Induces the Expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in Echinococcus granulosus via the JNK and p38 Pathway In Vitro
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In vitro protoscolicidal effects of lithocholic acid on protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus and its mechanism
Ya Xu, Wenjuan Qing, Zhen Wang, Lin Chen, Linyao Wang, Hailong Lv, Yufeng Jiang
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Transcriptome analysis uncovers the key pathways and candidate genes related to the treatment of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces with the repurposed drug pyronaridine
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Amani Hizem, Selim M’rad, Myriam Oudni-M’rad, Habib Mezhoud, Hichem Ben Jannet, Guido Flamini, Kamel Ghedira, Hamouda Babba
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Mehdi Farhadi, Ali Haniloo, Kobra Rostamizadeh, Soghrat Faghihzadeh
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Protoscolicidal effects of chenodeoxycholic acid on protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus
Hongjuan Shi, Ying Lei, Bo Wang, Zhuo Wang, Guoqiang Xing, Hailong Lv, Yufeng Jiang
Experimental Parasitology.2016; 167: 76. CrossRef
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2016; 54(6): 759. CrossRef
In vitro effects of vinegar on protoscolices of hydatid cyst
Reza Hajihossein, Zahra Eslamirad, Mahdi Mosayebi, Reza Ghasemikhah, Mojtaba Didehdar
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease.2015; 5(3): 210. CrossRef
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Congshan Liu, Haobing Zhang, Jianhai Yin, Wei Hu
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Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Spinal Inflammation Impairs Respiratory Motor Plasticity by a Spinal p38 MAP Kinase-Dependent Mechanism
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Current Status of Human Taeniasis in Lao People's Democratic Republic: Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Tai-Soon Yong, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jong-Yil Chai, Duk-Young Min, Cheong-Ha Yun, Han-Jong Rim, Tiengkham Pongvongsa, Virasack Banouvong, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Bounlay Phommasack, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):259-263.
Published online April 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.259

Abstract
PDF

Human taeniasis was investigated in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) between 2000 and 2011 as part of the nation's helminthiasis survey. A total of 55,038 inhabitants, including 29,846 school children, were examined using the Kato-Katz and scotch-tape anal swab method, and morphological observation of adult worms. Molecular identification of Taenia tapeworms was performed by multiplex PCR or DNA sequence analysis of the mitochondrial cox1 gene. Taenia eggs were present at a rate of 1.5% (845/55,038) in the subject population. Adult tapeworms were identified as T. solium or T. saginata by analyzing the collectable stool specimens (n=126). Three specimens identified as T. solium were found in Luang Prabang, while the remaining 123 specimens, which were T. saginata, were found in Bokeo, Bolikhamxay, Champasak, Houaphan, Khammouane, Luang Namta, Luang Prabang, Oudomxay, Phongsaly, Saysomboune, Saravane, Savannakhet, Xayaboury, Xekong, Xieng Khouang Province, and Vientiane Municipality.

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