The quality improvement of antigen (crude saline extract) of Spirometra mansoni pleroceroid (sparganum) was investigated by protein purification. The crude extract was fractionated by gel filtration through Sephacryl S-300 Superfine. Its third fraction was purified by affinity chromatography using a monoclonal antibody as ligand. When observed by SDS-PAGE, the purified protein was composed of 2 bands of 36 kDa and 29 kDa which were found already as the most sensitive components in the crude extract by immunoblots with patients sera. The quality of the purified antigen was evaluated in comparison with the crude extract by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the specific (IgG) antibody in sera of human sparganosis, other parasitic and neurologic diseases, and normal control. When the purified antigen was used, the sensitivity was not altered but remained high (96.4%) while the specificity was increased from 86.8% to 96.9%.
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Human Sparganosis in Korea Jeong-Geun Kim, Chun-Seob Ahn, Woon-Mok Sohn, Yukifumi Nawa, Yoon Kong Journal of Korean Medical Science.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Two-dimensional immunoblot analysis of antigenic proteins of Spirometra plerocercoid recognized by human patient sera Moizur Rahman, Eung-Goo Lee, Young-An Bae Parasitology International.2011; 60(2): 139. CrossRef
Serodiagnosis of experimental sparganum infections of mice and human sparganosis by ELISA using ES antigens of Spirometra mansoni spargana Jing Cui, Nan Li, Zhong Quan Wang, Peng Jiang, Xi Meng Lin Parasitology Research.2011; 108(6): 1551. CrossRef
A Case of Oular Sparganosis in Korea Jae Wook Yang, Jeong Heon Lee, Mi Seon Kang Korean Journal of Ophthalmology.2007; 21(1): 48. CrossRef
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A seroepidemiologic survey for human sparganosis in Gangweon-do Kyu-Jae Lee, Yong-Tae Bae, Dong-Heui Kim, Young-Kun Deung, Yong-Suk Ryang The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2002; 40(4): 177. CrossRef
IgG antibody responses in early experimental sparganosis and IgG subclass responses in human sparganosis Young Bae Chung, Yoon Kong, Hyun Jong Yang, Seung-Yull Cho The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2000; 38(3): 145. CrossRef
Characterization of three neutral proteases ofSpirometra mansoniplerocercoid Y. Kong, Y.-B. Chung, S.-Y. Cho, S.-H. Choi, S.-Y. Kang Parasitology.1994; 108(3): 359. CrossRef
Antigen specificity of 36 and 31 kDa proteins of Spirometra erinacei plerocercoid in tissue invading nematodiasis N Morakote, Y Kong The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1993; 31(2): 169. CrossRef
Eosinophilic Cystitis Caused by Vesical Sparganosis: A Case Report Seung J. Oh, Je G. Chi, Sang E. Lee Journal of Urology.1993; 149(3): 581. CrossRef
Immunohistochemical localization of 36 and 29 kDa proteins in sparganum L S Kim, Y Kong, S Y Kang, S Y Cho The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1992; 30(1): 25. CrossRef
Isolation and partial characterization of cysteine proteinase from sparganum C Y Song, D H Choi, T S Kim, S H Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1992; 30(3): 191. CrossRef
Immunohistochemical observation on the antigens inducing IgG and IgM antibodies against sparganum C H Kim, W S Choi The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1991; 29(4): 339. CrossRef
Single step purification of potent antigenic protein from sparganum by gelatin-affinity chromatography Y Kong, S Y Kang, S Y Cho The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1991; 29(1): 1. CrossRef
Analysis of Clonorchis sinensis antigens and diagnosis of clonorchiasis using monoclonal antibodies T S Yong, K Im, P R Chung The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1991; 29(3): 293. CrossRef
Observations were made on the differences of cell-mediated responses in mice of three infection groups differently scheduled in their severity with pathogenic Acanthamoeba culbertsoni. Infections were done by dropping 5 microliters saline suspension containing 3 x 10(3), 1 x 10(4), or 1 x 10(5) trophozoites, respectively. Amoebae were cultured axenically in CGV medium and inoculated into the right nasal cavity of C3H/HeJ mice aging around 6-8 weeks, under the anesthesia by intraperitoneal injection of secobarbital.
Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses in footpad and blastogenic responses of mouse spleen cells using (3H)-thymidine and the serum antibody titer were measured up to day 14 after infection, and natural killer cell activities were measured up to day 5 after infection. The results obtained in this study were as follows: 1. The mice infected with 3 x 10(3) trophozoites showed mortality rate of 17%, and 34% in the mice infected with 1 x 10(4) trophozoites and 65% with 1 x 10(5) trophozoites. 2. In regard to DTH responses in all experimental groups, the level increased on day 7 and declined on day 14 after infection, but their differences could not be noted between infected and control groups. 3. The blastogenic responses of splenocytes treated with amoeba lysates and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) showed no difference from the control group. The blastogenic responses of splenocytes treated with concanavalin A were declined significantly in the experimental group as compared with the control group, but the blastogenic responses of splenocytes treated with polyinosinic acid were not different from the control group.
There was also no difference among three infected groups. 4.
The cytotoxic activity of the natural killer cells was activated on day 1 after infection and declined to the level of control group on day 2 in all experimental groups. On day 5 after infection, the natural killer cell cytotoxicity was significantly suppressed as compared with the control groups. 5. The serum antibody titers of the infected mice increased after day 7, but there was no statistical difference between the three infected groups. In summary of the results, there was no difference in cell-mediated immune responses of three experimental groups scheduled with different infection intensities. But there was a significant difference in cell-mediated immune responses between infected and control mice. It is considered that cell-mediated immune responses should be involved in murine model infected with A. culbertsoni.
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The tribocytic organ and tegument of Fibricola seoulensis were examined histochemically for the detection of carbohydrates, mucosubstances, amyloid, collagen and alkaline phosphatase. The surface, secretes, gland cells of the tribocytic organ, and the tegument of the worms were positive to periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and PAS with diastase stain but negative to other stains. It was inferred that the tribocytic organ and tegument of F. seoulensis comprise neutral mucopolysaccharides, which may take a protective role against host enzymes. The surface and secretes of the tribocytic organ, and the tegument of the worms were also positive to double bridge PAP for alkaline phosphatase. This fact suggests that they may play a role as both self protective and host tissue lytic functions.
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The complete life cycle of Spirometra erinacei has been experimentally maintained in the laboratory. The cyclops were reared as the first intermediate host, and the tadpoles of Rana nigromaculata as the second intermediate host. ICR mice were used as another second host. The experimental definitive hosts were dogs and cats. Maturation and hatching of the eggs took 8 to 14 days by incubation at 29 degrees C.
The coracidium measured 43.8 x 36.9 microns. Mesocyclops leuckarti and Eucyclops serrulatus were susceptible to the coracidial infection. The procercoids older than 5 days in the cyclops had minute spines at the anterior end, calcium corpuscles in the body parenchyme and the cercomer at the posterior end. Procercoids 10 to 20 days old were infective to tadpoles, and 15 or 21 day old worms could infect the mice. The plerocercoids from the tadpoles at 15 days after experimental infection were pear-shaped and shorter than 1 mm in the length and were infective to mice. Fifteen to 18 days after experimental inoculation of plerocercoids to dogs or cats, the adult worms began to produce eggs. One life cycle from egg to egg needed 48 to 67 days in the laboratory. The morphology of larval or adult worms was compatible with the description of Spirometra erinacei.
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The measurements and other morphological characters of the metacercariae and adults were both compatible with those of P. cordatum described by previous authors. The present study confirmed that the snake, Rhabdophis tigrina, serves as a second intermediate (or paratenic) host of P. cordatum in Korea.
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In an attempt to develop prophylactic and therapeutic measures of the intestinal giant-cystic disease caused by Thelohanellus kitauei in the Israel carp, Cyprinus carpio nudus, pathological observations were conducted upon the carps which were hatched in May 1988 and raised in a net cage fish farm at the Soyang lake, managed by Horim Fisheries for the period of 21 months with 1-2 months interval. After a gross inspection of the carps, necropsy was carried out periodically in order to clarify the pathological changes in various internal organs and muscular tissues. Also, the prevalence of the disease was checked during the period from 1988 to 1990. Gross inspections revealed that the infected carps showed some degree of fading in body and gill color, back-emaciation symptoms, reddish anus accompanying erosion and relaxation and pot-belly, as well as discharge of yellowish white mucoid material from the anus. However, most carps died eventually of intestinal obstruction. Other significant necropsy findings included cyst formation of various size in the intestinal mucosa, ascites, anemic condition through internal organs and muscular tissues, hyperemia and dilation of intestines with decreased tension, thinness and fragility, and full contents of semi-fluid or yellowish white mucoid material in the intestinal canals. Based on the morphological characteristics of the spores found in the cysts, parasitic location in the intestines, macro- and microscopic findings of the lesions, the parasites were identified as Thelohanellus kitauei Egusa et Nakajima, 1981.
Although monthly changes of water temperature were distinct, the extrusion rates of the polar filaments of the spores stayed constant throughout the year with an exception of a lower rate in July. The lesions initiated from mucosa and submucosa in early July became large swellings and then complete mature forms following the peracute course. From late August the upper cysts were gradually opened and most of the spores were dispersed from anus into the surrounding water through December but only a few lasted until next April. The cysts were completely recovered until next September. Comparing the incidence and prevalence of the disease by year tremendous infection and death rates were checked in the first prevalent year, 1988, but the rates were significantly decreased in the second year, and showed an almost normal status in the third year, 1990. As the above summarized results showed, the disease entity might come to an end in three years after the first prevalent year, however, the spores must be strictly prevented because they could be infective in the water for one year.
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