Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Fasciola gigantica"

Original Article

Experimental Life History and Biological Characteristics of Fasciola gigantica (Digenea: Fasciolidae): Anawat Phalee, Chalobol Wongsawad, Amnat Rojanapaibul, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(1):59-64.
Published online February 27, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.1.59

Abstract
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This study was conducted to investigate the life history, morphology, and maturation of larval stages and adult worms of Fasciola gigantica in experimental mice. Lymnaea auricularia rubiginosa was used as the intermediate host, and Oryza sativa was used for encystment of the metacercariae, while Mus musculus was used as the definitive host for maturation study. Fresh eggs from the gall bladder of water buffaloes fully developed into embryonated ones and hatched out at days 11-12 after incubation at about 29ºC. Free-swimming miracidia rapidly penetrated into the snail host, and gradually developed into the next larval stages; sporocyst, redia, and daughter redia with cercariae. Fully-developed cercariae were separated from the redia and shed from the snails on day 39 post-infection (PI). Free-swimming cercariae were immediately allowed to adhere to rice plants, and capsules were constructed to protect metacercariae on rice plants. Juvenile worms were detected in intestines of mice at days 3 and 6 PI, but they were found in the bile duct from day 9 PI. Juvenile and adult flukes were recovered from 16 mice experimentally infected with metacercariae, with the average recovery rate of 35.8%. Sexually mature adult flukes were recovered from day 42 PI. It could be confirmed that experimentally encysted metacercariae could infect and develop to maturity in the experimental host. The present study reports for the first time the complete life history of F. gigantica by an experimental study in Thailand. The obtained information can be used as a guide for prevention, elimination, and treatment of F. gigantica at environment and in other hosts.

Citations

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Parasitologia.2025; 5(3): 33. CrossRef
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Naim Che-Kamaruddin, Nur Fazila Saulol Hamid, Lokman Hakim Idris, Ferdaus Mohamat Yusuff, Zulfa Hanan Ashaari, Hasmawati Yahaya, Norhidayu Sahimin, Nur Mahiza Md Isa
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Pongsakorn Martviset, Amornrat Geadkaew-Krenc, Pantip Piyatadsananon, Ruttiroj Jirojwong, Pathanin Chantree, Wansika Phadungsil, Chompunoot Wangboon, Mantana Jamklang, Sirilak Chumkiew, Rawipreeya Poomkhokrak, Aree Taylor, Nanthawat Kosa, Rudi Grams
Parasitology International.2024; 98: 102809. CrossRef
Investigation of Fasciola gigantica in freshwater snail Radix ( Lymnaea ) spp. In the highly parasite-prevalent area of Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand
Pongsakorn Martviset, Pathanin Chantree, Amornrat Geadkaew-Krenc, Pantip Piyatadsananon, Ruttiroj Jirojwong, Chompunoot Wangboon, Mantana Jamklang, Sirilak Chumkiew, Rawipreeya Poomkhokrak, Nanthawat Kosa, Salisa Chaimon, Bumpenporn Sanannam, Rudi Grams,
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Annia Alba, Antonio A. Vazquez, Sylvie Hurtrez-Boussès
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Rui-Si Hu, Xiao-Xuan Zhang, Qiao-Ni Ma, Hany M. Elsheikha, Muhammad Ehsan, Quan Zhao, Bastian Fromm, Xing-Quan Zhu
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Complex and dynamic transcriptional changes allow the helminth Fasciola gigantica to adjust to its intermediate snail and definitive mammalian hosts
Xiao-Xuan Zhang, Krystyna Cwiklinski, Rui-Si Hu, Wen-Bin Zheng, Zhao-An Sheng, Fu-Kai Zhang, Hany M. Elsheikha, John P. Dalton, Xing-Quan Zhu
BMC Genomics.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Expression profiles of genes involved in TLRs and NLRs signaling pathways of water buffaloes infected with Fasciola gigantica
Fu-Kai Zhang, Jun-Ling Hou, Ai-Jiang Guo, Ai-Ling Tian, Zhao-An Sheng, Wen-Bin Zheng, Wei-Yi Huang, Hany M. Elsheikha, Xing-Quan Zhu
Molecular Immunology.2018; 94: 18. CrossRef
Transcriptomic responses of water buffalo liver to infection with the digenetic fluke Fasciola gigantica
Fu-Kai Zhang, Xiao-Xuan Zhang, Hany M. Elsheikha, Jun-Jun He, Zhao-An Sheng, Wen-Bin Zheng, Jian-Gang Ma, Wei-Yi Huang, Ai-Jiang Guo, Xing-Quan Zhu
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Case Report

A Case of Fasciola hepatica Infection Mimicking Cholangiocarcinoma and ITS-1 Sequencing of the Worm: Bong Kyun Kang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Yoon Suk Lee, In Kyeom Hwang, Hyemi Lim, Jaeeun Cho, Jin-Hyeok Hwang, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(2):193-196.
Published online April 18, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.2.193

Abstract
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Fascioliasis is a zoonotic infection caused by Fasciola hepatica or Fasciola gigantica. We report an 87-year-old Korean male patient with postprandial abdominal pain and discomfort due to F. hepatica infection who was diagnosed and managed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with extraction of 2 worms. At his first visit to the hospital, a gallbladder stone was suspected. CT and magnetic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) showed an intraductal mass in the common bile duct (CBD) without proximal duct dilatation. Based on radiological findings, the presumed diagnosis was intraductal cholangiocarcinoma. However, in ERCP which was performed for biliary decompression and tissue diagnosis, movable materials were detected in the CBD. Using a basket, 2 living leaf-like parasites were removed. The worms were morphologically compatible with F. hepatica. To rule out the possibility of the worms to be another morphologically close species, in particular F. gigantica, 1 specimen was processed for genetic analysis of its ITS-1 region. The results showed that the present worms were genetically identical (100%) with F. hepatica but different from F. gigantica.

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Original Articles

Dot-Blot Immunoassay of Fasciola gigantica Infection using 27 kDa and Adult Worm Regurge Antigens in Egyptian Patients: Hanan H. Kamel, Ghada A. Saad, Rania M. Sarhan; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):177-182.
Published online April 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.177

Abstract
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The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the potential role of the 27-Kilodalton (KDa) antigen versus Fasciola gigantica adult worm regurge antigens in a DOT-Blot assay and to assess this assay as a practical tool for diagnosis fascioliasis in Egyptian patients. Fasciola gigantica antigen of an approximate molecular mass 27-(KDa) was obtained from adult worms by a simple elution SDS-PAGE. A Dot-Blot was developed comparatively to adult worm regurge antigens for the detection of specific antibodies from patients infected with F. gigantica in Egypt. Control sera were obtained from patients with other parasitic infections and healthy volunteers to assess the test and compare between the antigens. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of Dot-Blot using the adult worm regurge were 80%, 90%, 94.1%, and 69.2% respectively, while those using 27-KDa were 100% which confirms the diagnostic potential of this antigen. All patients infected with Fasciola were positive, with cross reactivity reported with Schistosoma mansoni serum samples. This 27-KDa Dot-Blot assay showed to be a promising test which can be used for serodiagnosis of fascioliasis in Egyptian patients especially, those presenting with hepatic disease. It is specific, sensitive and easy to perform method for the rapid diagnosis particularly when more complex laboratory tests are unavailable.

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Abolfazl Mirzadeh, Farid Jafarihaghighi, Elham Kazemirad, Shokouh Shahrokhi Sabzevar, Mohammad Hossein Tanipour, Mehdi Ardjmand
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J. S. Dar, B. A. Ganai, R. A. Shahardar, U. R. Zargar
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Comparative Serodiagnostic Evaluation of Tegumental Antigen and its 16.5 KDa Subunit to Crude Antigens in Human Fascioliasis
I.M. Abdelsalam, R.M. Sarhan, A.F. Badawy, G.H. Shinkar
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Immunolocalization and immunodetection of the excretory/secretory (ES) antigens of Fasciola gigantica
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Protective Role of Purified Cysteine Proteinases against Fasciola gigantica Infection in Experimental Animals: Eman EL-Ahwany, Ibrahim Rabia, Faten Nagy, Mona Zoheiry, Tarek Diab, Suher Zada; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(1):45-51.
Published online March 6, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.1.45

Abstract
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Fascioliasis is one of the public health problems in the world. Cysteine proteinases (CP) released by Fasciola gigantica play a key role in parasite feeding, migration through host tissues, and in immune evasion. There has been some evidence from several parasite systems that proteinases might have potential as protective antigens against parasitic infections. Cysteine proteinases were purified and tested in vaccine trials of sheep infected with the liver fluke. Multiple doses (2 mg of CP in Freund's adjuvant followed by 3 booster doses 1 mg each at 4 week intervals) were injected intramuscularly into sheep 1 week prior to infect orally with 300 F. gigantica metacercariae. All the sheep were humanely slaughtered 12 weeks after the first immunization. Changes in the worm burden, ova count, and humoral and cellular responses were evaluated. Significant reduction was observed in the worm burden (56.9%), bile egg count (70.7%), and fecel egg count (75.2%). Immunization with CP was also found to be associated with increases of total IgG, IgG₁, and IgG₂ (P<0.05). Data showed that the serum cytokine levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, revealed significant decreases (P<0.05). However, the anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, IL-10, TGF-β, and IL-6, showed significant increases (P<0.05). In conclusion, it has been found that CP released by F. gigantica are highly important candidates for a vaccine antigen because of their role in the fluke biology and host-parasite relationships.

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Fasciola gigantica Fatty Acid Binding Protein (FABP) as a Prophylactic Agent against Schistosoma mansoni Infection in CD1 Mice: Ibrahim Rabia Aly, M. Diab, A. M. El-Amir, M. Hendawy, S. Kadry; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(1):37-43.
Published online March 6, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.1.37

Abstract
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Although schistosomicidal drugs and other control measures exist, the advent of an efficacious vaccine remains the most potentially powerful means for controlling this disease. In this study, native fatty acid binding protein (FABP) from Fasciola gigantica was purified from the adult worm's crude extract by saturation with ammonium sulphate followed by separation on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration using Sephacryl HR-100, respectively. CD1 mice were immunized with the purified, native F. gigantica FABP in Freund's adjuvant and challenged subcutaneously with 120 Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. Immunization of CD1 mice with F. gigantica FABP has induced heterologous protection against S. mansoni, evidenced by the significant reduction in mean worm burden (72.3%), liver and intestinal egg counts (81.3% and 80.8%, respectively), and hepatic granuloma counts (42%). Also, it elicited mixed IgG₁/IgG_2b immune responses with predominant IgG1 isotype, suggesting that native F. gigantica FABP is mediated by a mixed Th1/Th2 response. However, it failed to induce any significant differences in the oogram pattern or in the mean granuloma diameter. This indicated that native F. gigantica FABP could be a promising vaccine candidate against S. mansoni infection.

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Case Report

A Case of Biliary Fascioliasis by Fasciola gigantica in Turkey: Vedat Goral, Senem Senturk, Omer Mete, Mutallib Cicek, Berat Ebik, Be?ir Kaya; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(1):65-68.
Published online March 18, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.1.65

Abstract
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A case of Fasciola gigantica-induced biliary obstruction and cholestasis is reported in Turkey. The patient was a 37- year-old woman, and suffered from icterus, ascites, and pain in her right upper abdominal region. A total of 7 living adult flukes were recovered during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). A single dose of triclabendazole was administered to treat possible remaining worms. She was living in a village of southeast of Anatolia region and had sheeps and cows. She had the history of eating lettuce, mallow, dill, and parsley without washing. This is the first case of fascioliasis which was treated via endoscopic biliary extraction during ERCP in Turkey.

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