Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Hae Jin Jeong"

Original Articles

Expressed Sequence Tags of Trichinella spiralis Muscle Stage Larvae: Hae Kyung Park, Seong Won Chang, Se Won Kang, Min Kyoung Cho, Sun Hee Choi, Yeon Chul Hong, Yong Seok Lee, Hae Jin Jeong, Hak Sun Yu; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(2):59-63.
Published online June 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.2.59

Abstract
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In order to obtain greater insight into the relevant genomic expression patterns of Trichinella spiralis, 992 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were collected from a cDNA library of T. spiralis muscle stage larvae and assembled into 60 clusters and 385 singletons. Of them, 445 (44.7%) ESTs were annotated to their homologous genes, and small fractions were matched to known genes of nematodes. The annotated ESTs were classified into 25 eukaryotic orthologous groups (KOG). Cytochrome C oxidase (34 clones) was found to be most frequent species.

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Characterisation of a high-frequency gene encoding a strongly antigenic cystatin-like protein from Trichinella spiralis at its early invasion stage
Bin Tang, Mingyuan Liu, Libo Wang, Shenye Yu, Haining Shi, Pascal Boireau, Vasile Cozma, Xiuping Wu, Xiaolei Liu
Parasites & Vectors.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular characterization of 45kDa aspartic protease of Trichinella spiralis
Jong Nam Park, Sang Kyun Park, Min Kyoung Cho, Mi-Kyung Park, Shin Ae Kang, Dong-Hee Kim, Hak Sun Yu
Veterinary Parasitology.2012; 190(3-4): 510. CrossRef
Protease-Activated Receptor 2 Is Involved in Th2 Responses againstTrichinella spiralisInfection
Mi Kyung Park, Min Kyoung Cho, Shin Ae Kang, Hye-Kyung Park, Yun Seong Kim, Ki Uk Kim, Soon Cheol Ahn, Dong-Hee Kim, Hak Sun Yu
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2011; 49(3): 235. CrossRef
Identification of host immune regulation candidate genes of Toxascaris leonina by expression sequenced tags (ESTs) analysis
Min Kyoung Cho, Keun Hee Lee, Sun Joo Lee, Se Won Kang, Mee Sun Ock, Yeon Chul Hong, Yong Seok Lee, Hak Sun Yu
Veterinary Parasitology.2009; 164(2-4): 242. CrossRef

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A serological survey of Dirofilaria immitis infection in pet dogs of Busan, Korea, and effects of chemoprophylaxis: Kang Hyun Byeon, Bong Jin Kim, Sun-Mi Kim, Hak Sun Yu, Hae Jin Jeong, Mee-Sun Ock; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(1):27-32.
Published online March 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.1.27

Abstract
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The status of Dirofilaria immitis infection was assessed in pet dogs of Busan, Korea, and chemoprophylactic effects of microfilaricidal medication were evaluated. A total of 294 pet dogs older than 6 mo were examined, 217 of which had been maintained indoors, and 77 had been kept outdoors. The Snap^R kit and direct microscopic examinations of the peripheral blood were used. The mean overall parasite positive rates were 10.2% and 6.5%, respectively. Outdoor dogs evidenced adult worm infection rate of 31.2% and microfilaria infection rate of 18.2%. The indoor dogs, however, evidenced adult worm infection rate of 2.8% and microfilaria infection rate of 2.3%. The prevalence in males was more than 2 times that of females. The changing pattern of infection rates by age evidenced a gradual increase, from 2- to 6-year-old dogs, after which, a decrease in infection rates was noted. With regard to chemoprophylaxis, the infection rates of complete and incomplete chemoprophylaxis groups were found to be 2-3 times lower than that of the non-chemoprophylaxis group. The results of the present study indicate that the risk of exposure to D. immitis in pet dogs is quite high, particularly in male outdoor dogs, and chemoprophylactic measures were quite effective.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Filariasis in dogs brought to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Sandani S. Thilakarathne, Nayana Wijayawardhane, Piyumali K. Perera, Chandima Mallawa, Rupika S. Rajakaruna
Parasitology Research.2023; 122(2): 461. CrossRef
Molecular detection of Dirofilaria immitis and its Wolbachia endosymbionts in dogs from Myanmar
Saw Bawm, Yadanar Khaing, Hla Myet Chel, Myint Myint Hmoon, Shwe Yee Win, Min Bo, Tint Naing, Lat Lat Htun
Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases.2023; 4: 100148. CrossRef
Detection of Dirofilaria immitis using microscopic, serological and molecular techniques among dogs in Cabo Frio, RJ, Brazil
Taíssa Angélica Lemos Trancoso, Nathália da Conceição Lima, Alynne Silva Barbosa, Daniela Leles, Ana Beatriz Monteiro Fonseca, Norma Vollmer Labarthe, Otilio Machado Pereira Bastos, Claudia Maria Antunes Uchôa
Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
The global status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on published articles
Davood Anvari, Elahe Narouei, Ahmad Daryani, Shahabeddin Sarvi, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi, Mohammad Reza Narouei, Shirzad Gholami
Research in Veterinary Science.2020; 131: 104. CrossRef
Prevalence of dirofilariasis in shepherd and stray dogs in Iranshahr, southeast of Iran
Davood Anvari, Dariush Saadati, Abolghasem Siyadatpanah, Shirzad Gholami
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2019; 43(2): 319. CrossRef
Molecular Analysis of Canine Filaria and Its Wolbachia Endosymbionts in Domestic Dogs Collected from Two Animal University Hospitals in Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand
Hathaithip Satjawongvanit, Atchara Phumee, Sonthaya Tiawsirisup, Sivapong Sungpradit, Narisa Brownell, Padet Siriyasatien, Kanok Preativatanyou
Pathogens.2019; 8(3): 114. CrossRef
Incidence of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs presented at University of Nigeria, Nsukka Veterinary Teaching Hospital using wet smear and buffy coat techniques
Chukwuebuka Iniobong Ikenna Ugochukwu, Nebolisah Omekam, Emmanuel Ikenna Ugochukwu
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease.2016; 6(8): 627. CrossRef
Prevalence ofDirofilaria immitisinfection in dogs in Henan province, central China
Shuai Wang, Nian Zhang, Zhenchao Zhang, Dong Wang, Zhijun Yao, Haizhu Zhang, Jingbo Ma, Bin Zheng, Hongbin Ren, Shiguo Liu
Parasite.2016; 23: 43. CrossRef
Epidemiological aspects of Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs from Assam of Northeast India
Kanta Bhattacharjee, Prabhat Chandra Sarmah
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease.2014; 4: S255. CrossRef
Microscopic, serologic and molecular surveys on Dirofilaria immitis in stray dogs, Turkey
Sami Simsek, Yunusemre Ozkanlar, Ibrahim Balkaya, Mustafa Sinan Aktas
Veterinary Parasitology.2011; 183(1-2): 109. CrossRef
Public health issues concerning the widespread distribution of canine heartworm disease
Alice C.Y. Lee, Susan P. Montgomery, Jerold H. Theis, Byron L. Blagburn, Mark L. Eberhard
Trends in Parasitology.2010; 26(4): 168. CrossRef
Comparison of selected canine vector-borne diseases between urban animal shelter and rural hunting dogs in Korea
Sun Lim, Peter J Irwin, SeungRyong Lee, MyungHwan Oh, KyuSung Ahn, BoYoung Myung, SungShik Shin
Parasites & Vectors.2010;[Epub] CrossRef
Serological and molecular studies onDirofilaria immitisin dogs from Turkey
S. Simsek, A.E. Utuk, E. Koroglu, M. Rishniw
Journal of Helminthology.2008; 82(2): 181. CrossRef
Ectopic Migration of an Adult Heartworm in a Dog with Dirofilariasis
Hyun-Wook Oh, Hyung-Kyou Jun, Myung-Jo You, Mineo Hayasaki, Kun-Ho Song
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2008; 46(3): 171. CrossRef

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Natural occurrence of Mycobacterium as an endosymbiont of Acanthamoeba isolated from a contact lens storage case: Hak Sun Yu, Hae Jin Jeong, Yeon-Chul Hong, Seong-Yong Seol, Dong-Il Chung, Hyun-Hee Kong; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(1):11-18.
Published online March 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.1.11

Abstract
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Recent in vitro studies have revealed that a certain Mycobacterium can survive and multiply within free-living amoebae. It is believed that protozoans function as host cells for the intracellular replication and evasion of Mycobacterium spp. under harmful conditions. In this study, we describe the isolation and characterization of a bacterium naturally observed within an amoeba isolate acquired from a contact lens storage case. The bacterium multiplied within Acanthamoeba, but exerted no cytopathic effects on the amoeba during a 6-year amoebic culture. Trasnmission electron microscopy showed that the bacteria were randomly distributed within the cytoplasm of trophozoites and cysts of Acanthamoeba. On the basis of the results of 18S rRNA gene analysis, the amoeba was identified as A. lugdunensis. A 16S rRNA gene analysis placed this bacterium within the genus Mycobacterium. The bacterium evidenced positive reactivity for acid-fast and fluorescent acid-fast stains. The bacterium was capable of growth on the Middlebrook 7H11-Mycobacterium-specific agar. The identification and characterization of bacterial endosymbionts of free-living protozoa bears significant implications for our understanding of the ecology and the identification of other atypical mycobacterial pathogens.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A Comparative Genomic Approach to Determine the Virulence Factors and Horizontal Gene Transfer Events of Clinical Acanthamoeba Isolates
Xiaobin Gu, Xiuhai Lu, Shudan Lin, Xinrui Shi, Yue Shen, Qingsong Lu, Yiying Yang, Jing Yang, Jiabei Cai, Chunyan Fu, Yongliang Lou, Meiqin Zheng, Tim Downing, Kirti Megha
Microbiology Spectrum.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
A Systematic Review of Intracellular Microorganisms within Acanthamoeba to Understand Potential Impact for Infection
Binod Rayamajhee, Dinesh Subedi, Hari Kumar Peguda, Mark Duncan Willcox, Fiona L. Henriquez, Nicole Carnt
Pathogens.2021; 10(2): 225. CrossRef
Detection of Free-Living Amoebae and Their Intracellular Bacteria in Borehole Water before and after a Ceramic Pot Filter Point-of-Use Intervention in Rural Communities in South Africa
Clarissa van der Loo, Catheleen Bartie, Tobias George Barnard, Natasha Potgieter
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(8): 3912. CrossRef
The key factors contributing to the risk, diagnosis and treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacterial opportunistic infections
Anna Grzegorzewicz, Mariola Paściak
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej.2021; 75(1): 696. CrossRef
Co-Existence of Free-Living Amoebae and Potential Human Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Rural Household Water Storage Containers
Natasha Potgieter, Clarissa van der Loo, Tobias George Barnard
Biology.2021; 10(12): 1228. CrossRef
The core microbiome of sessile ciliate Stentor coeruleus is not shaped by the environment
Olivia Lanzoni, Andrey Plotnikov, Yuri Khlopko, Giulio Munz, Giulio Petroni, Alexey Potekhin
Scientific Reports.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Repertoire of free-living protozoa in contact lens solutions
Ibtissem Bouchoucha, Aurore Aziz, Louis Hoffart, Michel Drancourt
BMC Ophthalmology.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Current and Past Strategies for Bacterial Culture in Clinical Microbiology
Jean-Christophe Lagier, Sophie Edouard, Isabelle Pagnier, Oleg Mediannikov, Michel Drancourt, Didier Raoult
Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2015; 28(1): 208. CrossRef
Looking in amoebae as a source of mycobacteria
M. Drancourt
Microbial Pathogenesis.2014; 77: 119. CrossRef
Molecular characterization and ultrastructure of a new amoeba endoparasite belonging to the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia complex
Daniele Corsaro, Karl-Dieter Müller, Rolf Michel
Experimental Parasitology.2013; 133(4): 383. CrossRef
Identification of Free-Living Amoebae and Amoeba-Associated Bacteria from Reservoirs and Water Treatment Plants by Molecular Techniques
Alicia Garcia, Pilar Goñi, Joanna Cieloszyk, Maria Teresa Fernandez, Laura Calvo-Beguería, Encarnacion Rubio, Maria Francisca Fillat, Maria Luisa Peleato, Antonio Clavel
Environmental Science & Technology.2013; 47(7): 3132. CrossRef
Cooccurrence of Free-Living Amoebae and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Hospital Water Networks, and Preferential Growth of Mycobacterium avium in Acanthamoeba lenticulata
Alida R. Ovrutsky, Edward D. Chan, Marinka Kartalija, Xiyuan Bai, Mary Jackson, Sara Gibbs, Joseph O. Falkinham, Michael D. Iseman, Paul R. Reynolds, Gerald McDonnell, Vincent Thomas
Applied and Environmental Microbiology.2013; 79(10): 3185. CrossRef
Detection of Bacterial Endosymbionts in Clinical Acanthamoeba Isolates
Alfonso Iovieno, Dolena R. Ledee, Darlene Miller, Eduardo C. Alfonso
Ophthalmology.2010; 117(3): 445. CrossRef
Biodiversity of amoebae and amoeba-associated bacteria in water treatment plants
Daniele Corsaro, Gemma Saucedo Pages, Vicente Catalan, Jean-François Loret, Gilbert Greub
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health.2010; 213(3): 158. CrossRef
Free-living amoebae and their intracellular pathogenic microorganisms: risks for water quality
Vincent Thomas, Gerald McDonnell, Stephen P. Denyer, Jean-Yves Maillard
FEMS Microbiology Reviews.2010; 34(3): 231. CrossRef
Free-living amoebae, a training field for macrophage resistance of mycobacteria
I.B. Salah, E. Ghigo, M. Drancourt
Clinical Microbiology and Infection.2009; 15(10): 894. CrossRef
Endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba Isolated from Domestic Tap Water in Korea
Seon Hee Choi, Min Kyoung Cho, Soon Cheol Ahn, Ji Eun Lee, Jong Soo Lee, Dong-Hee Kim, Ying-Hua Xuan, Yeon Chul Hong, Hyun Hee Kong, Dong Il Chung, Hak Sun Yu
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2009; 47(4): 337. CrossRef
Survival of amoebae on building materials
T. Yli-Pirilä, J. Kusnetsov, M.-R. Hirvonen, M. Seuri, A. Nevalainen
Indoor Air.2009; 19(2): 113. CrossRef
Occurrence of Free-Living Amoebae in Communities of Low and High Endemicity for Buruli Ulcer in Southern Benin
Miriam Eddyani, Johan F. De Jonckheere, Lies Durnez, Patrick Suykerbuyk, Herwig Leirs, Françoise Portaels
Applied and Environmental Microbiology.2008; 74(21): 6547. CrossRef
Relationship between mycobacteria and amoebae: ecological and epidemiological concerns
V. Thomas, G. McDonnell
Letters in Applied Microbiology.2007; 45(4): 349. CrossRef

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Molecular characterization of bacterial endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba isolates from infected corneas of Korean patients: Ying-Hua Xuan, Hak Sun Yu, Hae Jin Jeong, Sung-Yong Seol, Dong-Il Chung, Hyun-Hee Kong; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(1):1-9.
Published online March 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.1.1

Abstract
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The endosymbionts of 4 strains of Acanthamoeba (KA/E9, KA/E21, KA/E22, and KA/E23) isolated from the infected corneas of Korean patients were characterized via orcein stain, transmission electron microscopic examination, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Double membrane-bound, rod-shaped endosymbionts were distributed randomly throughout both the trophozoites and cysts of each of Acanthamoeba isolates. The endosymbionts of KA/E9, KA/E22, and KA/E23 were surrounded by electron-translucent areas. No lacunae-like structures were observed in the endosymbionts of KA/E21, the bacterial cell walls of which were studded with host ribosomes. Comparative analyses of the 16S rDNA sequences showed that the endosymbionts of KA/E9, KA/E22 and KA/E23 were closely related to Caedibacter caryophilus, whereas the KA/E21 endosymbiont was assigned to the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides (CFB) phylum. In the 4 strains of Acanthamoeba, the hosts of the endosymbionts were identified as belonging to the Acanthamoeba castellanii complex, which corresponds to the T4 genotype. Acanthamoeba KA/E21 evidenced characteristics almost identical to those of KA/E6, with the exception of the existence of endosymbionts. The discovery of these endosymbionts from Acanthamoeba may prove essential to future studies focusing on interactions between the endosymbionts and the amoebic hosts.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Proteases of Acanthamoeba
Behroz Mahdavi Poor, Jalil Rashedi, Vahid Asgharzadeh, Amirali Mirmazhary, Nazila Gheitarani
Parasitology Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Presence and diversity of free-living amoebae and their potential application as water quality indicators
Areum Choi, Ji Won Seong, Jeong Hyun Kim, Jun Young Lee, Hyun Jae Cho, Shin Ae Kang, Mi Kyung Park, Mi Jin Jeong, Seo Yeong Choi, Yu Jin Jeong, Hak Sun Yu
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2024; 62(2): 180. CrossRef
Contamination of fresh vegetables in municipal stores with pathogenic Acanthamoeba genotypes; a public health concern
Marziye Fatemi, Maryam Niyyati, Soheila Rouhani, Seyed Ahmad Karamati, Hamed Mirjalali, Panagiotis Karanis
International Journal of Environmental Health Research.2023; 33(10): 1010. CrossRef
The life cycle-dependent transcriptional profile of the obligate intracellular amoeba symbiontAmoebophilus asiaticus
E Selberherr, T Penz, L König, B Conrady, A Siegl, M Horn, S Schmitz-Esser
FEMS Microbiology Ecology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
A Systematic Review of Intracellular Microorganisms within Acanthamoeba to Understand Potential Impact for Infection
Binod Rayamajhee, Dinesh Subedi, Hari Kumar Peguda, Mark Duncan Willcox, Fiona L. Henriquez, Nicole Carnt
Pathogens.2021; 10(2): 225. CrossRef
Molecular characterization of bacterial, viral and fungal endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba isolates in keratitis patients of Iran
Elham Hajialilo, Mostafa Rezaeian, Maryam Niyyati, Mohammad Reza Pourmand, Mehdi Mohebali, Mehdi Norouzi, Kobra Razavi Pashabeyg, Sassan Rezaie, Sadegh Khodavaisy
Experimental Parasitology.2019; 200: 48. CrossRef
Nuclear Group I introns with homing endonuclease genes in Acanthamoeba genotype T4
Daniele Corsaro, Danielle Venditti
European Journal of Protistology.2018; 66: 26. CrossRef
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Daniele Corsaro, Claudia Wylezich, Julia Walochnik, Danielle Venditti, Rolf Michel
Parasitology Research.2017; 116(2): 549. CrossRef
Identification of Paenibacillus as a Symbiont in Acanthamoeba
Vinicius José Maschio, Gertrudes Corção, Francielle Bücker, Karin Caumo, Marilise Brittes Rott
Current Microbiology.2015; 71(3): 415. CrossRef
Identifying endosymbiont bacteria associated with free‐living amoebae
Pilar Goñi, María Teresa Fernández, Encarnación Rubio
Environmental Microbiology.2014; 16(2): 339. CrossRef
Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts: new ultrastructural findings
Bibiana Chávez-Munguía, Lizbeth Salazar-Villatoro, Anel Lagunes-Guillén, Maritza Omaña-Molina, Martha Espinosa-Cantellano, Adolfo Martínez-Palomo
Parasitology Research.2013; 112(3): 1125. CrossRef
Functional expression and characterization of an iron-containing superoxide dismutase of Acanthamoeba castellanii
Jung-Yeon Kim, Byoung-Kuk Na, Kyoung-Ju Song, Mi-Hyun Park, Yun-Kyu Park, Tong-Soo Kim
Parasitology Research.2012; 111(4): 1673. CrossRef
A bacterial genome in transition - an exceptional enrichment of IS elements but lack of evidence for recent transposition in the symbiont Amoebophilus asiaticus
Stephan Schmitz-Esser, Thomas Penz, Anja Spang, Matthias Horn
BMC Evolutionary Biology.2011;[Epub] CrossRef
Is Acanthamoeba pathogenicity associated with intracellular bacteria?
Graeme Neil Paterson, Michael Rittig, Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui, Naveed Ahmed Khan
Experimental Parasitology.2011; 129(2): 207. CrossRef
Detection of Bacterial Endosymbionts in Clinical Acanthamoeba Isolates
Alfonso Iovieno, Dolena R. Ledee, Darlene Miller, Eduardo C. Alfonso
Ophthalmology.2010; 117(3): 445. CrossRef
Bilateral Acanthamoeba Keratitis After Orthokeratology
Eun Chul Kim, Man Soo Kim
Cornea.2010; 29(6): 680. CrossRef
Free-living amoebae and their intracellular pathogenic microorganisms: risks for water quality
Vincent Thomas, Gerald McDonnell, Stephen P. Denyer, Jean-Yves Maillard
FEMS Microbiology Reviews.2010; 34(3): 231. CrossRef
Bilateral Acanthamoeba Keratitis After Orthokeratology
Eun Chul Kim, Man Soo Kim
Cornea.2009; 28(3): 348. CrossRef
Keratitis by Acanthamoeba triangularis: Report of Cases and Characterization of Isolates
Ying-Hua Xuan, Byung-Suk Chung, Yeon-Chul Hong, Hyun-Hee Kong, Tae-Won Hahn, Dong-Il Chung
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2008; 46(3): 157. CrossRef
Diversity of Bacterial Endosymbionts of Environmental Acanthamoeba Isolates
Stephan Schmitz-Esser, Elena R. Toenshoff, Susanne Haider, Eva Heinz, Verena M. Hoenninger, Michael Wagner, Matthias Horn
Applied and Environmental Microbiology.2008; 74(18): 5822. CrossRef

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Comparison of specific activity and cytopathic effects of purified 33 kDa serine proteinase from Acanthamoeba strains with different degree of virulence: Won-Tae Kim, Hyun-Hee Kong, Young-Ran Ha, Yeon-Chul Hong, Hae Jin Jeong, Hak Sun Yu, Dong-Il Chung; Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(4):321-330.
Published online December 20, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.4.321

Abstract
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The pathogenic mechanism of granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) and amebic keratitis (AK) by Acanthamoeba has yet to be clarified. Protease has been recognized to play an important role in the pathogenesis of GAE and AK. In the present study, we have compared specific activity and cytopathic effects (CPE) of purified 33 kDa serine proteinases from Acanthamoeba strains with different degree of virulence (A. healyi OC-3A, A. lugdunensis KA/E2, and A. castellanii Neff). Trophozoites of the 3 strains revealed different degrees of CPE on human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells. The effect was remarkably reduced by adding phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride (PMSF), a serine proteinase inhibitor. This result indicated that PMSF-susceptible proteinase is the main component causing cytopathy to HCE cells by Acanthamoeba. The purified 33 kDa serine proteinase showed strong activity toward HCE cells and extracellular matrix proteins. The purified proteinase from OC-3A, the most virulent strain, demonstrated the highest enzyme activity compared to KA/E2, an ocular isolate, and Neff, a soil isolate. Polyclonal antibodies against the purified 33 kDa serine proteinase inhibit almost completely the proteolytic activity of culture supernatant of Acanthamoeba. In line with these results, the 33 kDa serine proteinase is suggested to play an important role in pathogenesis and to be the main component of virulence factor of Acanthamoeba.

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Proteases of Acanthamoeba
Behroz Mahdavi Poor, Jalil Rashedi, Vahid Asgharzadeh, Amirali Mirmazhary, Nazila Gheitarani
Parasitology Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Characterization of novel extracellular proteases produced by Acanthamoeba castellanii after contact with human corneal epithelial cells and their relevance to pathogenesis
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Parasites & Vectors.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Parasitology Research.2020; 119(2): 659. CrossRef
Busting biofilms: free-living amoebae disrupt preformed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Mycobacterium bovis biofilms
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Microbiology .2020; 166(8): 695. CrossRef
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Acta Tropica.2020; 211: 105618. CrossRef
Identification and biochemical characterisation of Acanthamoeba castellanii cysteine protease 3
Zhixin Wang, Duo Wu, Hiroshi Tachibana, Meng Feng, Xun-jia Cheng
Parasites & Vectors.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Extracellular vesicles and vesicle-free secretome of the protozoa Acanthamoeba castellanii under homeostasis and nutritional stress and their damaging potential to host cells
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Molecular characterization of Acanthamoeba isolated from amebic keratitis related to orthokeratology lens overnight wear: Sun Joo Lee, Hae Jin Jeong, Ji Eun Lee, Jong Soo Lee, Ying Hua Xuan, Hyun-Hee Kong, Dong-Il Chung, Mee-Sun Ock, Hak Sun Yu; Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(4):313-320.
Published online December 20, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.4.313

Abstract
PDF

In an effort to characterize, on the molecular scale, the Acanthamoeba initially isolated from the cornea of an amoebic keratitis patient associated with overnight-wear orthokeratology lens in Korea, we conducted mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism, 18S rDNA sequencing, and drug sensitivity analyses on the isolate (KA/PE1). The patient was treated with polyhexamethylene biguanide, chlorhexidine and oral itraconazole, which resulted in resolution of the patient's ocular inflammation. The majority of the molecular characteristics of the KA/PE1 were determined to be identical, or quite similar, to those of A. castellanii Ma strain, which had been isolated also from amoebic keratitis. The risk of Acanthamoeba keratitis as a potential complication of overnight orthokeratology is briefly discussed.

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Orthokeratology lens-related Acanthamoeba keratitis: case report and analytical review
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Expressed sequence tags analysis of Blattella germanica: Hyang Suk Chung, Tai Hyun Yu, Bong Jin Kim, Sun Mi Kim, Joo Yeong Kim, Hak Sun Yu, Hae Jin Jeong, Mee Sun Ock; Korean J Parasitol 2005;43(4):149-156.
Published online December 20, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2005.43.4.149

Abstract
PDF

Four hundred and sixty five randomly selected clones from a cDNA library of Blattella germanica were partially sequenced and searched using BLAST as a means of analyzing the transcribed sequences of its genome. A total of 363 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were generated from 465 clones after editing and trimming the vector and ambiguous sequences. About 42% (154/363) of these clones showed significant homology with other data base registered genes. These new B. germanica genes constituted a broad range of transcripts distributed among ribosomal proteins, energy metabolism, allergens, proteases, protease inhibitors, enzymes, translation, cell signaling pathways, and proteins of unknown function. Eighty clones were not well-matched by database searches, and these represent new B. germanica-specific ESTs. Some genes which drew our attention are discussed. The information obtained increases our understanding of the B. germanica genome.

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The role of domestic tap water in Acanthamoeba contamination in contact lens storage cases in Korea: Hae Jin Jeong, Hak Sun Yu; Korean J Parasitol 2005;43(2):47-50.
Published online June 20, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2005.43.2.47

Abstract
PDF

A survey was carried out from August to December 2004 in Pusan, Korea to document the presence of free-living amoeba (FLA), including the genus Acanthamoeba, in both contact lens storage cases and domestic tap water. Acanthamoeba was isolated from 5 (4.2%) in 120 contact lens storage cases. Four house tap water samples from residents, whose contact lens storage cases had been contaminated by Acanthamoeba, were also found to be contaminated with Acanthamoeba. Therefore, the contamination rate of FLA and Acanthamoeba in domestic tap water was investigated in order to examine the role of domestic tap water in Acanthamoeba contamination of contact lens storage cases. FLA and Acanthamoeba were identified in 97 (46.8%) and 16 (7.7%) of the 207 domestic tap water samples, respectively. There were no significant differences between the contamination rates of FLA in tap water according to the filtration plant of origin. No FLA was detected in the tap water directly supplied by the water purification plants. Water storage tanks appear to promote FLA colonization, including Acanthamoeba, in domestic tap water. This increases the risk of Acanthamoeba contamination in contact lens storage cases as well as increasing the risk of Acanthamoeba keratitis.

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