Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Hong Liu"

Original Articles

Identification and Molecular Analysis of Ixodid Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) Infesting Domestic Animals and Tick-Borne Pathogens at the Tarim Basin of Southern Xinjiang, China: Li Zhao, Jizhou Lv, Fei Li, Kairui Li, Bo He, Luyao Zhang, Xueqing Han, Huiyu Wang, Nicholas Johnson, Xiangmei Lin, Shaoqiang Wu, Yonghong Liu; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(1):37-46.
Published online February 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.1.37

Abstract
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Livestock husbandry is vital to economy of the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China. However, there have been few surveys of the distribution of ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and tick-borne pathogens affecting domestic animals at these locations. In this study, 3,916 adult ixodid ticks infesting domestic animals were collected from 23 sampling sites during 2012-2016. Ticks were identified to species based on morphology, and the identification was confirmed based on mitochondrial 16S and 12S rRNA sequences. Ten tick species belonging to 4 genera were identified, including Rhipicephalus turanicus, Hyalomma anatolicum, Rh. bursa, H. asiaticum asiaticum, and Rh. sanguineus. DNA sequences of Rickettsia spp. (spotted fever group) and Anaplasma spp. were detected in these ticks. Phylogenetic analyses revealed possible existence of undescribed Babesia spp. and Borrelia spp. This study illustrates potential threat to domestic animals and humans from tick-borne pathogens.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Integrative morpho-molecular delineation of five medically significant tick species: facilitating precision-based vector surveillance
Guangxin Shi, Lianxi Xin, Zhuocheng Li, Wanpeng Ma, Depeng Yang, Caishan Li, Bayin Chahan, Qingyong Guo
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Survey of tick-borne pathogens in Rhipicephalus microplus ticks from livestock in the Northern Punjab Province, Pakistan
Mariachiara Ciarma, Sophie Melis, Beatrice Bisaglia, Gherard Batisti Biffignandi, Gull Sanober Sunny, Michela Vumbaca, Sara Epis, Muhammad Arshad, Haroon Ahmed, Davide Sassera, Michele Castelli
Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases.2025; 7: 100275. CrossRef
Effects of Tick Infestation on Milk Yield, Blood Biochemistry, Hematology, and the Overall Health of Dairy Cows
Mona Al-Shammari, Ibrahim O. Alanazi, Mohammad Alzahrani, Samiah Alotaibi, Nora Alkahtani, Almaha Alaqil, Ebtesam Al-Olayan
Pathogens.2025; 14(9): 883. CrossRef
Molecular characterization of livestock-associated ticks and tick-borne bacteria in Xinjiang, northwestern China
Haipeng Tan, Xiaonan Dong, Jiamei Kang, Nan Bu, Yishuai Zhang, Zehao Qi, Zixuan Li, Zilong Zhang, Xuyang Zhang, Huidong Wang, Yulin Ding, Yonghong Liu, Li Zhao
Parasites & Vectors.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular investigation of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and related strains among sheep flocks from different parts of Türkiye; with a note of phylogenetic analyses of Anaplasma phagocytophilum- like 1
Ufuk Erol, Omer Faruk Sahin, Osman Furkan Urhan, Ahmet Duran Atas, Kursat Altay
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.2024; 107: 102154. CrossRef
Genotyping of ticks: first molecular report of Hyalomma asiaticum and molecular detection of tick-borne bacteria in ticks and blood from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Muhammad Kashif Obaid, Shehla Shehla, Guiquan Guan, Muhammad Rashid, Sumaira Shams
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Tick-borne bacterial agents in Hyalomma asiaticum ticks from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Northwest China
Bing Zhang, Niuniu Zhang, Tao Zheng, Miao Lu, Bierk Baoli, Runda Jie, Xiao Wang, Kun Li
Parasites & Vectors.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Tick species diversity and potential distribution alternation of dominant ticks under different climate scenarios in Xinjiang, China
Rui Ma, Chunfu Li, Ai Gao, Na Jiang, Jian Li, Wei Hu, Xinyu Feng, Jenifer Coburn
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2024; 18(4): e0012108. CrossRef
Molecular analysis of Anaplasma ovis, Theileria ovis and Brucella abortus in adult Ornithodoros lahorensis soft ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae) isolated from the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
Dandan Liu, Jinming Wang, Yutong Liu, Shuiyi Wang, Huiru Zhu, Bingbing Jiang, Yongchang Li, Yang Zhang, Bayin Chahan, Wei Zhang
Journal of Veterinary Research.2024; 68(3): 355. CrossRef
Molecular detection and characterisation of Theileria in hard ticks of small ruminants in Zarrin Dasht County, Southern Iran
Maliheh Norouzi, Mohammad Saaid Dayer, Fatemeh Ghaffarifar
Veterinary Medicine and Science.2023; 9(1): 372. CrossRef
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in Central, Eastern, and South-eastern Asia
Mohammad Fereidouni, Dmitry A. Apanaskevich, David B. Pecor, Natalia Yu. Pshenichnaya, Gulzhan N. Abuova, Farida H. Tishkova, Yekaterina Bumburidi, Xiankun Zeng, Jens H. Kuhn, Maryam Keshtkar-Jahromi
Virologica Sinica.2023; 38(2): 171. CrossRef
Detection of Babesia spp., Theileria spp., and Anaplasma ovis in Ornithodoros lahorensis from southern Xinjiang, China
Siang Li, Liu Zhang, Peng Zhou, Zheng Li, Haonan Song, Yaping Song, Chuan Li, Wanqi Xiangzheng, Junyuan Wu
Journal of Veterinary Research.2023; 67(1): 79. CrossRef
Detection of Rickettsia spp. and Anaplasma ovis in Melophagus ovinus from southern Xinjiang, China
Si‐Ang Li, Liu Zhang, Zheng Li, Hao‐Nan Song, Ze‐Wei Que, Si‐Yu Zhao, Ying‐Ying Li, Yu‐Ling Guo, Jun‐Yuan Wu
Medical and Veterinary Entomology.2023; 37(4): 865. CrossRef
Molecular Survey and Spatial Distribution of Rickettsia spp. in Ticks Infesting Free-Ranging Wild Animals in Pakistan (2017–2021)
Abid Ali, Shehla Shehla, Hafsa Zahid, Farman Ullah, Ismail Zeb, Haroon Ahmed, Itabajara da Silva Vaz, Tetsuya Tanaka
Pathogens.2022; 11(2): 162. CrossRef
Molecular Detection of Zoonotic and Veterinary Pathogenic Bacteria in Pet Dogs and Their Parasitizing Ticks in Junggar Basin, North-Western China
Jia Guo, Shengnan Song, Shuzhu Cao, Zhihua Sun, Qiyue Zhou, Xingmei Deng, Tianyi Zhao, Yingjin Chai, Dexin Zhu, Chuangfu Chen, P. I. Baryshnikov, Hugh T. Blair, Zhen Wang, Yuanzhi Wang, Hui Zhang
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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Molecular Identification of Bartonella melophagi and Wolbachia Supergroup F from Sheep Keds in Xinjiang, China: Yonghong Liu, Bo He, Fei Li, Kairui Li, Luyao Zhang, Xianqiang Li, Li Zhao; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(4):365-370.
Published online August 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.4.365

Abstract
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To confirm that Bartonella and Wolbachia were carried by sheep keds (Melophagus ovinus) in southern Xinjiang of China, 17 M. ovinus samples, which were collected in Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang, were randomly selected. In this study, the Bartonella gltA and Wolbachia 16S rRNA gene were amplified through conventional PCR and the sequence of those amplified products, were analyzed. The results demonstrated that Bartonella was carried by all of the 17 sheep keds and Wolbachia was carried by 15 out of them. Bartonella was identified as B. melophagi. Three strains of Wolbachia were supergroup F and 1 strain has not been confirmed yet. It is the first report about Wolbachia supergroup F was found in sheep keds and provided the molecular evidence that B. melophagi and Wolbachia supergroup F were carried by sheep keds in Aksu Prefecture of southern Xinjiang, China. The 2 pathogens were found in sheep keds around Taklimakan Desert for the first time.

Citations

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Detection ofBartonella schoenbuchensis(sub)species DNA in different louse fly species in Saxony, Germany: The proof of multiple PCR analysis necessity in case of ruminant‐associated bartonellae determination
Isabelle Vogt, Stephanie Schröter, Ruben Schreiter, Hein Sprong, Karolina Volfová, Matthias Jentzsch, Markus Freick
Veterinary Medicine and Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A survey of Wolbachia infection in brachyceran flies from Iran
Ghazal Khosravi, Kamran Akbarzadeh, Fateh Karimian, Mona Koosha, Shahin Saeedi, Mohammad Ali Oshaghi, James Lee Crainey
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(5): e0301274. CrossRef
Molecular and morphological analysis revealed a new Lipoptena species (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) in southern Spain harbouring Coxiella burnetii and bacterial endosymbionts
Mikel Alexander González, Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo, Sergio Magallanes, Jozef Oboňa, María José Ruiz-López, Jordi Figuerola
Veterinary Parasitology.2024; 332: 110300. CrossRef
Distribution and Molecular Epidemiology of Anaplasma ovis in Melophagus ovinus and Small Ruminants in Border Regions of South Xinjiang, China
Siang Li, Liu Zhang, Zheng Li, Haonan Song, Zewei Que, Siyu Zhao, Yingying Li, Yuling Guo, Junyuan Wu
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2023; 23(1): 1. CrossRef
Molecular detection of Rickettsia, Anaplasma, and Bartonella in ticks from free-ranging sheep in Gansu Province, China
Xiao-Qian Cao, Xiao-Lan Gu, Li Zhang, Jiao Xu, Hui-ju Han, Xue-jie Yu
Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases.2023; 14(3): 102137. CrossRef
Molecular pathogen screening of louse flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) from domestic and wild ruminants in Austria
Miguel Peña-Espinoza, Daniel Em, Bita Shahi-Barogh, Dominik Berer, Georg G. Duscher, Lara van der Vloedt, Walter Glawischnig, Steffen Rehbein, Josef Harl, Maria S. Unterköfler, Hans-Peter Fuehrer
Parasites & Vectors.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Detection of Rickettsia spp. and Anaplasma ovis in Melophagus ovinus from southern Xinjiang, China
Si‐Ang Li, Liu Zhang, Zheng Li, Hao‐Nan Song, Ze‐Wei Que, Si‐Yu Zhao, Ying‐Ying Li, Yu‐Ling Guo, Jun‐Yuan Wu
Medical and Veterinary Entomology.2023; 37(4): 865. CrossRef
Tracking tick-borne diseases in Mongolian livestock using next generation sequencing (NGS)
Suwanna Chaorattanakawee, Rachel N. Wofford, Ratree Takhampunya, B. Katherine Poole-Smith, Bazartseren Boldbaatar, Sukhbaatar Lkhagvatseren, Doniddemberel Altantogtokh, Elisha Musih, Pagbajab Nymadawa, Silas Davidson, Jeffrey Hertz, Jodi Fiorenzano, Grego
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Yury Ilinsky, Mary Demenkova, Roman Bykov, Alexander Bugrov
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(2): 853. CrossRef
First determination of DNA virus and some additional bacteria from Melophagus ovinus (sheep ked) in Tibet, China
Yong-Hong Liu, Yi-Min Ma, Hong-Ou Tian, Bo Yang, Wen-Xiong Han, Wei-Hong Zhao, Hai-Liang Chai, Zhan-Sheng Zhang, Li-Feng Wang, Lei Chen, Yu Xing, Yu-Lin Ding, Li Zhao
Frontiers in Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Vector-Borne Pathogens with Veterinary and Public Health Significance in Melophagus ovinus (Sheep Ked) from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Qing-Xun Zhang, Ye Wang, Ying Li, Shu-Yi Han, Bo Wang, Guo-Hui Yuan, Pei-Yang Zhang, Zi-Wen Yang, Shuang-Ling Wang, Ji-Yong Chen, Hai-Shun Zhong, Xue-Qing Han, Hong-Xuan He
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Hedgehogs and Squirrels as Hosts of Zoonotic Bartonella Species
Karolina Majerová, Ricardo Gutiérrez, Manoj Fonville, Václav Hönig, Petr Papežík, Lada Hofmannová, Paulina Maria Lesiczka, Yaarit Nachum-Biala, Daniel Růžek, Hein Sprong, Shimon Harrus, David Modrý, Jan Votýpka
Pathogens.2021; 10(6): 686. CrossRef
Molecular Evidence of Bartonella melophagi in Ticks in Border Areas of Xinjiang, China
Jun Ni, Qiaoyun Ren, Hanliang Lin, Malike Aizezi, Jin Luo, Yi Luo, Zhan Ma, Ze Chen, Wenge Liu, Junhui Guo, Zhiqiang Qu, Xiaofeng Xu, Zegong Wu, Yangchun Tan, Jinming Wang, Youquan Li, Guiquan Guan, Jianxun Luo, Hong Yin, Guangyuan Liu
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Possible Arbovirus Found in Virome of Melophagus ovinus
Alexander G. Litov, Oxana A. Belova, Ivan S. Kholodilov, Magomed N. Gadzhikurbanov, Larissa V. Gmyl, Natalia D. Oorzhak, Anna A. Saryglar, Aydar A. Ishmukhametov, Galina G. Karganova
Viruses.2021; 13(12): 2375. CrossRef
Theileria ovis (Piroplasmida: Theileriidae) Detected in Melophagus ovinus (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea) and Ornithodoros lahorensis (Ixodida: Argasidae) Removed From Sheep in Xinjiang, China
Li Zhao, Jinling Wang, Yulin Ding, Kairui Li, Bo He, Fei Li, Luyao Zhang, Xianqiang Li, Yonghong Liu, Sarah Hamer
Journal of Medical Entomology.2020; 57(2): 631. CrossRef
Comparative analysis of microbial community in the whole body and midgut from fully engorged and unfed female adult Melophagus ovinus
D.‐Y. Duan, H.‐M. Zhou, T.‐Y. Cheng
Medical and Veterinary Entomology.2020; 34(2): 215. CrossRef
CardiniumandWolbachiaare negatively correlated in the microbiome of various populations of stored product miteTyrophagus putrescentiae
Marta Nesvorna, Bruno Sopko, Jan Hubert
International Journal of Acarology.2020; 46(3): 192. CrossRef
Keds, the enigmatic flies and their role as vectors of pathogens
Marcos Antônio Bezerra-Santos, Domenico Otranto
Acta Tropica.2020; 209: 105521. CrossRef
Wolbachia: A tool for livestock ectoparasite control
Mukund Madhav, Dalton Baker, Jess A.T Morgan, Sassan Asgari, Peter James
Veterinary Parasitology.2020; 288: 109297. CrossRef
Molecular evidence of bacteria in Melophagus ovinus sheep keds and Hippobosca equina forest flies collected from sheep and horses in northeastern Algeria
Mehdi Boucheikhchoukh, Noureddine Mechouk, Ahmed Benakhla, Didier Raoult, Philippe Parola
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.2019; 65: 103. CrossRef
First report of border disease virus in Melophagus ovinus (sheep ked) collected in Xinjiang, China
Yong-Hong Liu, Bo He, Kai-Rui Li, Fei Li, Lu-Yao Zhang, Xian-Qiang Li, Li Zhao, Jianming Qiu
PLOS ONE.2019; 14(8): e0221435. CrossRef
Bartonella rochalimae, B. grahamii, B. elizabethae, and Wolbachia spp. in Fleas from Wild Rodents near the China-Kazakhstan Border
Xiaoping Yin, Shanshan Zhao, Bin Yan, Yanhe Tian, Teer Ba, Jiangguo Zhang, Yuanzhi Wang
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(5): 553. CrossRef

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Case Report

Hookworm Infection Caused Acute Intestinal Bleeding Diagnosed by Capsule: A Case Report and Literature Review: Xia Tan, Meichu Cheng, Jie Zhang, Guochun Chen, Di Liu, Yexin Liu, Hong Liu; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(4):417-420.
Published online August 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.4.417

Abstract
PDF

Hookworm infections are rare causes of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. We report a middle aged man with primary nephrotic syndrome and pulmonary embolism. During the treatment with steroids and anticoagulants, the patient presented acute massive hemorrhage of the gastrointestinal tract. The results of gastroscopy showed red worms in the duodenum. Colonoscopy and CT angiogram of abdomen were unremarkable. Capsule endoscopy revealed fresh blood and multiple hookworms in the jejunum and ileum. Hookworms caused the acute intestinal bleeding. The patient responded well to albendazole. Hematochezia was markedly ameliorated after eliminating the parasites. Hence, hookworm infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Capsule endoscopy may offer a better means of diagnosis for intestinal hookworm infections.

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Original Articles

Biological Parameters of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) Fed on Rabbits, Sheep, and Cattle: Miling Ma, Ze Chen, Aihong Liu, Qiaoyun Ren, Junlong Liu, Zhijie Liu, Youquan Li, Hong Yin, Guiquan Guan, Jianxun Luo; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(3):301-305.
Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.3.301

Abstract
PDF

In order to determine the effect of various hosts on feeding performance of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, we used 3 mammalian species as hosts, cattle (Qinchuan), sheep (T an), and rabbits (Japanese white rabbit) for infest-ing ticks. Five hundreds of R. microplus larvae were exposed to each animal (3 animals/host species). Tick recoveries were 11.0%, 0.47%, and 5.5% from cattle, sheep, and rabbits, respectively. The averages of tick feeding periods were not significantly different on cattle, sheep, and rabbits, 28.8, 25.3, and 26.7 days, respectively. The average weights of individual engorged female from cattle, sheep, and rabbits were 312.5, 219.1, and 130.2 mg, respectively and those of egg mass weights each to 85.0, 96.6, and 17.8 mg. The highest egg hatching rate was in the ticks from cattle (96.0%), fol-lowed by those from rabbits (83.0%) and sheep (19.2%). These data suggest that rabbits could be as an alternative host to cultivate R. microplus for evaluating vaccines and chemical and biological medicines against the tick in the laboratory, although the biological parameters of ticks were less than those from cattle.

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Validation of Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Bovine PBMCs Transformed and Non-transformed by Theileria annulata: Hongxi Zhao, Junlong Liu, Youquan Li, Congshan Yang, Shuaiyang Zhao, Juan Liu, Aihong Liu, Guangyuan Liu, Hong Yin, Guiquan Guan, Jianxun Luo; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):39-46.
Published online February 26, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.39

Abstract
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Theileria annulata is a tick-borne intracellular protozoan parasite that causes tropical theileriosis, a fatal bovine lymphoproliferative disease. The parasite predominantly invades bovine B lymphocytes and macrophages and induces host cell transformation by a mechanism that is not fully comprehended. Analysis of signaling pathways by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) could be a highly efficient means to understand this transformation mechanism. However, accurate analysis of qPCR data relies on selection of appropriate reference genes for normalization, yet few papers on T. annulata contain evidence of reference gene validation. We therefore used the geNorm and NormFinder programs to evaluate the stability of 5 candidate reference genes; 18S rRNA, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), ACTB (β-actin), PRKG1 (protein kinase cGMP-dependent, type I) and TATA box binding protein (TBP). The results showed that 18S rRNA was the reference gene most stably expressed in bovine PBMCs transformed and non-transformed with T. annulata, followed by GAPDH and TBP. While 18S rRNA and GAPDH were the best combination, these 2 genes were chosen as references to study signaling pathways involved in the transformation mechanism of T. annulata.

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Phylogenetic Analysis of Ruminant Theileria spp. from China Based on 28S Ribosomal RNA Gene: Huitian Gou, Guiquan Guan, Miling Ma, Aihong Liu, Zhijie Liu, Zongke Xu, Qiaoyun Ren, Youquan Li, Jifei Yang, Ze Chen, Hong Yin, Jianxun Luo; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(5):511-517.
Published online October 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.5.511

Abstract
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Species identification using DNA sequences is the basis for DNA taxonomy. In this study, we sequenced the ribosomal large-subunit RNA gene sequences (3,037-3,061 bp) in length of 13 Chinese Theileria stocks that were infective to cattle and sheep. The complete 28S rRNA gene is relatively difficult to amplify and its conserved region is not important for phylogenetic study. Therefore, we selected the D2-D3 region from the complete 28S rRNA sequences for phylogenetic analysis. Our analyses of 28S rRNA gene sequences showed that the 28S rRNA was useful as a phylogenetic marker for analyzing the relationships among Theileria spp. in ruminants. In addition, the D2-D3 region was a short segment that could be used instead of the whole 28S rRNA sequence during the phylogenetic analysis of Theileria, and it may be an ideal DNA barcode.

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