Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Iraj Sharifi"

Original Articles

Antileishmanial Activity of Niosomal Combination Forms of Tioxolone along with Benzoxonium Chloride against Leishmania tropica: Maryam Hakimi Parizi, Saeedeh Farajzadeh, Iraj Sharifi, Abbas Pardakhty, Mohammad Hossein Daie Parizi, Hamid Sharifi, Ehsan Salarkia, Saeid Hassanzadeh; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(4):359-368.
Published online August 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.4.359

Abstract
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In this study, we carried out extensive in vitro studies on various concentrations of tioxolone along with benzoxonium chloride and their niosomal forms against Leishmania tropica. Niosomes were prepared by the hydration method and were evaluated for morphology, size, release study, and encapsulation efficiency. This study measured leishmanicidal activity against promastigote and amastigote, apoptosis and gene expression levels of free solution and niosomal-encapsulated tioxolone along with benzoxonium chloride. Span/Tween 60 niosome had good physical stability and high encapsulation efficiency (more than 97%). The release profile of the entrapped compound showed that a gradual release rate. The combination of niosomal forms on promastigote and amastigote were more effective than glucantime. Also, the niosomal form of this compound was significantly less toxic than glucantime (P≤0.05). The flowcytometric analysis on niosomal form of drugs showed that higher number of early apoptotic event as the principal mode of action (89.13% in 200 μg/ml). Also, the niosomal compound increased the expression level of IL-12 and metacaspase genes and decreased the expression level of the IL-10 gene, which further confirming the immunomodulatory role as the mechanism of action. We observed the synergistic effects of these 2 drugs that induced the apoptotic pathways and also up regulation of an immunomodulatory role against as the main mode of action. Also, niosomal form of this combination was safe and demonstrated strong anti-leishmaniasis effects highlights further therapeutic approaches against anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in future planning.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A Comprehensive Review on Recent Advances and Patents of Niosomes
Sakshi Saharawat, Sushma Verma
Recent Patents on Nanotechnology.2025; 19(3): 364. CrossRef
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of benzoxathiolone derivatives as monoamine oxidase inhibitors and antibacterial agents
Bianca Coetzee, Stephanus J. Cloete, Anél Petzer, Jacobus P. Petzer, Theunis T. Cloete
Medicinal Chemistry Research.2025; 34(9): 1903. CrossRef
WITHDRAWN: Advances in Drug Delivery Systems for Treatment of Leishmaniases: A review
Antara Banerjee
Experimental Parasitology.2025; : 109061. CrossRef
Synthesis, characterization, and comparative evaluation of hydroxychloroquine and its niosomal nanoformulation: anti-leishmanial, cytotoxicity, and immunomodulatory effects in photodynamic therapy
Elaheh Molaakbari, Iraj Sharifi, Ahmad Khosravi, Ehsan Salarkia, Mohammad Reza Aallaei, Alireza Keyhani, Maryam Hakimi Parizi, Mehdi Bamorovat
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Composition, preparation methods, and applications of nanoniosomes as codelivery systems: a review of emerging therapies with emphasis on cancer
Maryam Roostaee, Atefeh Derakhshani, Hadiseh Mirhosseini, Elmira Banaee Mofakham, Sonia Fathi-Karkan, Shekoufeh Mirinejad, Saman Sargazi, Mahmood Barani
Nanoscale.2024; 16(6): 2713. CrossRef
Co-delivery of amphotericin B and pentamidine loaded niosomal gel for the treatment of Cutaneous leishmaniasis
Adnan Anjum, Kanwal Shabbir, Fakhar Ud Din, Shumaila Shafique, Syed Saoud Zaidi, Ali H Almari, Taha Alqahtani, Aleena Maryiam, Muhammad Moneeb Khan, Adel Al Fatease, Sidra Bashir, Gul Majid Khan
Drug Delivery.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Drug Delivery Through Niosomes: A Comprehensive Review with Therapeutic Applications
Mishkaat Parveen Izhar, Abdul Hafeez, Poonam Kushwaha, Simrah
Journal of Cluster Science.2023; 34(5): 2257. CrossRef
Surfactant vesicles for enhanced antitoxoplasmic effect of norfloxacin: In vitro and in vivo evaluations
Rania K. Eid, Mona F. Arafa, Dalia S. Ashour, Ebtessam A. Essa, Eman S. El-Wakil, Salwa S. Younis, Gamal M. El Maghraby
International Journal of Pharmaceutics.2023; 638: 122912. CrossRef
A state-of-the-art review on the recent advances of niosomes as a targeted drug delivery system
Saman Yasamineh, Pooneh Yasamineh, Hesam Ghafouri Kalajahi, Omid Gholizadeh, Zahra Yekanipour, Hamed Afkhami, Majid Eslami, Amir Hossein Kheirkhah, Milad Taghizadeh, Yalda Yazdani, Mehdi Dadashpour
International Journal of Pharmaceutics.2022; 624: 121878. CrossRef
Preparation and evaluation of physicochemical properties and anti-leishmanial activity of zirconium/tioxolone niosomes against Leishmania major
Parisa Fatehi chinar, Sina Bahraminejad, Abbas Pardakhty, Iraj Sharifi, Mahdi Ranjbar, Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri, Fatemeh Sharifi
Arabian Journal of Chemistry.2022; 15(10): 104156. CrossRef
A Review on the Drug Delivery Strategies for Parasitic Infections: Scope and Assertion
Meenakshi Bhatia, Sunil Kumar, Archana Kapoor, Sunidhi Lohan
Drug Delivery Letters.2022; 12(2): 109. CrossRef
Drug Encapsulation: Review of Niosomes for Promoting Antimicrobial Activity
Tatielle do Nascimento, Denise de Abreu Garófalo, Mariana Sato de Souza Bustamante Monteiro, Ralph Santos-Oliveira, Ana Paula dos Santos Matos, Eduardo Ricci-Júnior
Journal of Nanoparticle Research.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Immunopathology of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis and incidental diagnostic tool of metastatic granuloma: A case-control study
Simin Shamsi Meymandi, Shahriar Dabiri, Tahereh Eslammanesh, Bahram Azadeh, Mehrdad Nadji, Manzumeh Shamsi Meymandi, Bahram Dabiri, Donya Dabiri, Maryam Hakimi Parizi, Mehdi Bamorovat
Microbial Pathogenesis.2021; 152: 104654. CrossRef
The assessment of apoptosis, toxicity effects and anti-leishmanial study of Chitosan/CdO core-shell nanoparticles, eco-friendly synthesis and evaluation
Sina Bahraminegad, Abbas Pardakhty, Iraj Sharifi, Mehdi Ranjbar
Arabian Journal of Chemistry.2021; 14(4): 103085. CrossRef
Leishmanicidal potentials of Gossypium hirsutum extract and its fractions on Leishmania major in a murine model: parasite burden, gene expression, and histopathological profile
Fatemeh Sharifi, Fariba Sharififar, Mostafa Pournamdari, Mehdi Ansari, Razieh Tavakoli Oliaee, Mehdi Bamorovat, Ahmad Khosravi, Ali Reza Keyhani, Ehsan Salarkia, Abbas Mortazaeizdeh, Shahriar Dabiri, Ali Khamesipour, Iraj Sharifi
Journal of Medical Microbiology .2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Therapeutic effects of the as-synthesized polylactic acid/chitosan nanofibers decorated with amphotricin B for in vitro treatment of Leishmaniasis
Sina Bahraminegad, Abbas Pardakhty, Iraj Sharifi, Mehdi Ranjbar
Journal of Saudi Chemical Society.2021; 25(11): 101362. CrossRef

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A Novel Niosomal Combination of Selenium Coupled with Glucantime against Leishmania tropica: Mahshid Mostafavi, Payam Khazaeli, Iraj Sharifi, Saeedeh Farajzadeh, Hamid Sharifi, Alireza Keyhani, Maryam Hakimi Parizi, Sina Kakooei; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(1):1-8.
Published online February 26, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.1.1

Abstract
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There is no effective treatment modality available against different forms of leishmaniasis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to improve the penetration and efficacy of selenium and glucantime coupled with niosomes and compared them with their simple forms alone on in vitro susceptibility assays. In this study, the niosomal formulations of selenium and in combination with glucantime were prepared. The size and morphology of the niosomal formulations were characterized and the effectivity of the new formulation was also evaluated using in vitro MTT assay, intra-macrophage model, and gene expression profile. From the results obtained, no cytotoxicity effect was observed for niosomal and simple forms of drugs, as alone or in combination. Niosomal formulations of the drugs significantly showed more inhibitory effects (P ≤ 0.001) than the simple drugs when the selectivity index was considered. The gene expression levels of Interleukin (IL-10) significantly decreased, while the level of IL-12 and metacaspase significantly increased (P ≤ 0.001). The results of the present study showed that selenium plus glucantime niosome possess a potent anti-leishmanial effect and enhanced their lethal activity as evidenced by the in vitro experiments.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A Comprehensive Review on Recent Advances and Patents of Niosomes
Sakshi Saharawat, Sushma Verma
Recent Patents on Nanotechnology.2025; 19(3): 364. CrossRef
Promising aryl selenoate derivatives as antileishmanial agents and their effects on gene expression
Celia Fernández-Rubio, Mercedes Rubio-Hernández, Verónica Alcolea, Aroia Burguete-Mikeo, Paul A. Nguewa, Silvia Pérez-Silanes, Audrey Odom John
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Combinational therapy with Myc decoy oligodeoxynucleotides encapsulated in nanocarrier and X-irradiation on breast cancer cells
BEHROOZ JOHARI, MILAD PARVINZAD LEILAN, MAHMOUD GHARBAVI, YOUSEF MORTAZAVI, ALI SHARAFI, HAMED REZAEEJAM
Oncology Research.2024; 32(2): 309. CrossRef
Leishmanicidal and immunomodulatory properties of Brazilian green propolis extract (EPP-AF®) and a gel formulation in a pre-clinical model
Jéssica Rebouças-Silva, Nathaly Alcazar Amorim, Flávio Henrique Jesus-Santos, Jéssica Aparecida de Lima, Jonilson Berlink Lima, Andresa A. Berretta, Valéria M. Borges
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Drug Delivery Through Niosomes: A Comprehensive Review with Therapeutic Applications
Mishkaat Parveen Izhar, Abdul Hafeez, Poonam Kushwaha, Simrah
Journal of Cluster Science.2023; 34(5): 2257. CrossRef
Nanoemulsions for increased penetrability and sustained release of leishmanicidal compounds
Darlyn J. García, Maritza Fernández‐Culma, Yulieth A. Upegui, Luz A. Ríos‐Vásquez, Wiston Quiñones, Rogelio Ocampo‐Cardona, Fernando Echeverri, Iván D. Vélez, Sara M. Robledo
Archiv der Pharmazie.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Niosome as an Effective Nanoscale Solution for the Treatment of Microbial Infections
Mahmood Barani, Fatemeh Paknia, Maryam Roostaee, Batoul Kavyani, Davood Kalantar-Neyestanaki, Narges Ajalli, Alireza Amirbeigi, Rahul Shivahare
BioMed Research International.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Selenium and protozoan parasitic infections: selenocompounds and selenoproteins potential
Sajad Rashidi, Celia Fernández-Rubio, Reza Mansouri, Mohammad Ali-Hassanzadeh, Esmaeel Ghani, Mohammadreza Karimazar, Raúl Manzano-Román, Paul Nguewa
Parasitology Research.2022; 121(1): 49. CrossRef
Preparation and evaluation of physicochemical properties and anti-leishmanial activity of zirconium/tioxolone niosomes against Leishmania major
Parisa Fatehi chinar, Sina Bahraminejad, Abbas Pardakhty, Iraj Sharifi, Mahdi Ranjbar, Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri, Fatemeh Sharifi
Arabian Journal of Chemistry.2022; 15(10): 104156. CrossRef
Unveiling a New Selenocyanate as a Multitarget Candidate with Anticancer, Antileishmanial and Antibacterial Potential
Sandra Ramos-Inza, Andreina Henriquez-Figuereo, Esther Moreno, Melibea Berzosa, Ignacio Encío, Daniel Plano, Carmen Sanmartín
Molecules.2022; 27(21): 7477. CrossRef
Drug Encapsulation: Review of Niosomes for Promoting Antimicrobial Activity
Tatielle do Nascimento, Denise de Abreu Garófalo, Mariana Sato de Souza Bustamante Monteiro, Ralph Santos-Oliveira, Ana Paula dos Santos Matos, Eduardo Ricci-Júnior
Journal of Nanoparticle Research.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Niosomes-loaded selenium nanoparticles as a new approach for enhanced antibacterial, anti-biofilm, and anticancer activities
Abbas Haddadian, Farnoush Falahi Robattorki, Hedieh Dibah, Ali Soheili, Erfan Ghanbarzadeh, Nasrin Sartipnia, Shadi Hajrasouliha, Kamal Pasban, Romina Andalibi, Mojtaba Hedayati Ch, Arezou Azari, Arman Chitgarzadeh, Aliasghar Bagheri Kashtali, Fatemeh Mas
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Leishmaniasis and Trace Element Alterations: a Systematic Review
Ali Taghipour, Amir Abdoli, Afifeh Ramezani, Ahmad Abolghazi, Mirza Ali Mofazzal Jahromi, Salar Maani, Seyede Manizhe Heidar Nejadi, Sima Rasti, Morteza Shams, Ezatollah Ghasemi
Biological Trace Element Research.2021; 199(10): 3918. CrossRef
New Phosphoramidates Containing Selenium as Leishmanicidal Agents
Mikel Etxebeste-Mitxeltorena, Daniel Plano, Socorro Espuelas, Esther Moreno, Carlos Aydillo, Antonio Jiménez-Ruiz, Juan Carlos García Soriano, Carmen Sanmartín
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Niosomes: A review on niosomal research in the last decade
Peeyush Bhardwaj, Purnima Tripathi, Rishikesh Gupta, Sonia Pandey
Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology.2020; 56: 101581. CrossRef
Leishmanial selenoproteins and the host immune system: towards new therapeutic strategies?
Sajad Rashidi, Kurosh Kalantar, Paul Nguewa, Gholamreza Hatam
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2020; 114(7): 541. CrossRef
The potential role of nicotinamide on Leishmania tropica: An assessment of inhibitory effect, cytokines gene expression and arginase profiling
Razieh Tavakoli Oliaee, Iraj Sharifi, Mehdi Bamorovat, Alireza Keyhani, Zahra Babaei, Ehsan Salarkia, Rahele Tavakoly, Ahmad Khosravi, Mahshid Mostafavi, Fatemeh Sharifi, Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
International Immunopharmacology.2020; 86: 106704. CrossRef
New Amides Containing Selenium as Potent Leishmanicidal Agents Targeting Trypanothione Reductase
Mikel Etxebeste-Mitxeltorena, Daniel Plano, Socorro Espuelas, Esther Moreno, Carlos Aydillo, Antonio Jiménez-Ruiz, Juan Carlos García Soriano, Carmen Sanmartín
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

11,482 View
240 Download
18 Web of Science
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Antileishmanial and Cytotoxic Effects of Essential Oil and Methanolic Extract of Myrtus communis L.: Hossein Mahmoudvand, Fatemeh Ezzatkhah, Fariba Sharififar, Iraj Sharifi, Ebrahim Saedi Dezaki; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(1):21-27.
Published online February 27, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.1.21

Abstract
PDF

Plants used for traditional medicine contain a wide range of substances that can be used to treat various diseases such as infectious diseases. The present study was designed to evaluate the antileishmanial effects of the essential oil and methanolic extract of Myrtus communis against Leishmania tropica on an in vitro model. Antileishmanial effects of essential oil and methanolic extract of M. communis on promastigote forms and their cytotoxic activities against J774 cells were evaluated using MTT assay for 72 hr. In addition, their leishmanicidal activity against amastigote forms was determined in a macrophage model, for 72 hr. Findings showed that the main components of essential oil were α-pinene (24.7%), 1,8-cineole (19.6%), and linalool (12.6%). Findings demonstrated that M. communis, particularly its essential oil, significantly (P<0.05) inhibited the growth rate of promastigote and amastigote forms of L. tropica based on a dose-dependent response. The IC50 values for essential oil and methanolic extract was 8.4 and 28.9 μg/ml against promastigotes, respectively. These values were 11.6 and 40.8 μg/ml against amastigote forms, respectively. Glucantime as control drug also revealed IC₅₀ values of 88.3 and 44.6 μg/ml for promastigotes and amastigotes of L. tropica, respectively. The in vitro assay demonstrated no significant cytotoxicity in J774 cells. However, essential oil indicated a more cytotoxic effect as compared with the methanolic extract of M. communis. The findings of the present study demonstrated that M. communis might be a natural source for production of a new leishmanicidal agent.

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Scientia Pharmaceutica.2017; 85(4): 36. CrossRef
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