Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Malaysia"

Original Article

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Stray Dogs from Various Locations in West and East Malaysia: Malaika Watanabe, Mohammed Babatunde Sadiq, Nazrul Iqbal Abdul Mulop, Konto Mohammed, Puteri Azaziah Megat Rani, Lau Seng Fong, Nor Azlina Aziz, Juriah Kamaludeen, Siti Zubaidah Ramanoon, Rozaihan Mansor, Tan Li Ping, Sharifah Salmah Syed-Hussain; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(5):487-492.
Published online October 22, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.5.487

Abstract
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Toxoplasmosis is caused by an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite; Toxoplasma gondii, which is one of the most important zoonotic parasite worldwide. In dogs, the sexual reproductive cycle of T. gondii is lacking, and the animals are not widely consumed as food, but they are vital in the mechanical transmission of the parasite. However, there is no present data on the exposure of stray dogs to T. gondii in Malaysia. The
objective
of this serological survey was to determine the prevalence of T. gondii antibodies (IgG) and associated factors in stray dogs in East and West Malaysia. Antibodies to T. gondii were determined in serum samples from 222 stray dogs from 6 different states in East and West Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia) using an Indirect ELISA. The seroprevalence for T. gondii was 23.4% (Confidence interval: CI 17.8-29.2%). Stray dogs from Selangor and Kuala Lumpur had the highest seroprevalence (32.4%; CI 13.2-45.5%) and lowest in those from Penang and Kedah (12.5%; CI 1.3-23.5%). Gender and breed were not associated with T. gondii seropositivity. However, adult dogs were more likely to be seropositive for T. gondii (OR=2.89; CI 1.1-7.7) compared with younger dogs. These results revealed that T. gondii is prevalent in stray dogs in the studied areas in Malaysia, and indicative of the level of environmental contamination of this parasite especially in urban areas.

Citations

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Emerging zoonotic diseases in Southeast Asia in the period 2011–2022: a systematic literature review
Thanh Trung Nguyen, Thi Ngan Mai, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Fred Unger, Hu Suk Lee
Veterinary Quarterly.2024; 44(1): 1. CrossRef
A 20-year serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infection in dogs with neuromuscular disorders from urban areas in Argentina
María Laura Gos, María Cecilia Venturini, Lorena De Felice, Andrea Dellarupe, Magdalena Rambeaud, Lais Pardini, Lucía María Campero, Mariana Bernstein, Diana Bacigalupe, Walter Basso, Gastón Moré, Juan Manuel Unzaga
Veterinary Parasitology.2024; 330: 110235. CrossRef
Seroprevalence and Factors Associated with Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Besnoitia besnoiti Infections in Cattle and Goats in Selangor, Malaysia
Mohammed Babatunde Sadiq, Azim Salahuddin Muhamad, Siti Aisyah Hamdan, Siti Zubaidah Ramanoon, Zunita Zakaria, Nor Azlina Abdul Aziz, Rozaihan Mansor, Siti Suri Arshad, Nurulhidayah Khalid, Norhamizah Abdul Hamid, Juriah Kamaludeen, Sharifah Salmah Syed-H
Animals.2023; 13(5): 948. CrossRef
Public perspectives on strays and companion animal management in Malaysia
Syafiq Munir Ismail Munir, Mohd Istajib Mokhtar, Ahmad Firdhaus Arham
BMC Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum Antibodies in Dogs and Cats from Egypt and Risk Factor Analysis
Dina B. Salama, Ragab M. Fereig, Hanan H. Abdelbaky, Moshera S. Shahat, Waleed M. Arafa, Shawky M. Aboelhadid, Adel E.A. Mohamed, Samy Metwally, Osama Abas, Xun Suo, Nishith Gupta, Caroline F. Frey
Pathogens.2022; 11(12): 1464. CrossRef
Ruminant farmers’ knowledge, attitude and practices towards zoonotic diseases in Selangor, Malaysia
Mohammed Babatunde Sadiq, Norhamizah Abdul Hamid, Ummu Khalisah Yusri, Siti Zubaidah Ramanoon, Rozaihan Mansor, Syahirah Ahmad Affandi, Malaika Watanabe, Juriah Kamaludeen, Sharifah Salmah Syed-Hussain
Preventive Veterinary Medicine.2021; 196: 105489. CrossRef
High seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. in stray dogs from Rolim de Moura, Rondônia state, Western Brazilian Amazon
Henrique Momo Ziemniczak, Maerle Oliveira Maia, Maiara Oliveira Maia, Elvino Ferreira, Nayche Tortato Vieira , Klaus Casaro Saturnino, Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani, Ana Amélia Domingues Gomes , Richard de Campos Pacheco, Thaís Rabelo Santos-Do
Semina: Ciências Agrárias.2021; 42(6): 3535. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Low Levels of Polymorphisms and Negative Selection in Plasmodum knowlesi Merozoite Surface Protein 8 in Malaysian Isolates: Md Atique Ahmed, Hae-Ji Kang, Fu-Shi Quan; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(4):445-450.
Published online August 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.4.445

Abstract
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Human infections due to the monkey malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi is increasingly being reported from most Southeast Asian countries specifically Malaysia. The parasite causes severe and fatal malaria thus there is a need for urgent measures for its control. In this study, the level of polymorphisms, haplotypes and natural selection of full-length pkmsp8 in 37 clinical samples from Malaysian Borneo along with 6 lab-adapted strains were investigated. Low levels of polymorphism were observed across the full-length gene, the double epidermal growth factor (EGF) domains were mostly conserved, and non-synonymous substitutions were absent. Evidence of strong negative selection pressure in the non-EGF regions were found indicating functional constrains acting at different domains. Phylogenetic haplotype network analysis identified shared haplotypes and indicated geographical clustering of samples originating from Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo. This is the first study to genetically characterize the full-length msp8 gene from clinical isolates of P. knowlesi from Malaysia; however, further functional characterization would be useful for future rational vaccine design.

Citations

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Plasmodium knowlesi: the game changer for malaria eradication
Wenn-Chyau Lee, Fei Wen Cheong, Amirah Amir, Meng Yee Lai, Jia Hui Tan, Wei Kit Phang, Shahhaziq Shahari, Yee-Ling Lau
Malaria Journal.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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Epidemiological Characteristics of Strongyloidiasis in Inhabitants of Indigenous Communities in Borneo Island, Malaysia: Romano Ngui, Noor Amira Abdul Halim, Yamuna Rajoo, Yvonne AL Lim, Stephen Ambu, Komalaveni Rajoo, Tey Siew Chang, Lu Chan Woon, Rohela Mahmud; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(5):673-378.
Published online October 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.5.673

Abstract
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Epidemiological study on strongyloidiasis in humans is currently lacking in Malaysia. Thus, a cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection among the inhabitants of longhouse indigenous communities in Sarawak. A single stool and blood sample were collected from each participant and subjected to microscopy, serological and molecular techniques. Five species of intestinal parasites were identified by stool microscopy. None of the stool samples were positive for S. stercoralis. However, 11% of 236 serum samples were seropositive for strongyloidiasis. Further confirmation using molecular technique on stool samples of the seropositive individuals successfully amplified 5 samples, suggesting current active infections. The prevalence was significantly higher in adult males and tended to increase with age. S. stercoralis should no longer be neglected in any intestinal parasitic survey. Combination of more than 1 diagnostic technique is necessary to increase the likelihood of estimating the ‘true’ prevalence of S. stercoralis.

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Strongyloides seroprevalence in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease at a tertiary hospital in Malaysia: Epidemiological profiles and comparison of two assays
Emelia Osman, Rahmah Noordin, Rozita Mohd, Lydia Kamaruzaman, Siti Nor Azreen Abdul Manap, S. Izuddin Mohd. Zali, Nur Afrina Azhar, Nor Suhada Anuar
Parasite Epidemiology and Control.2025; 31: e00458. CrossRef
Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of strongyloidiasis in indigenous communities and healthcare professionals from Brazil
Vamilton Alvares Santarém, Fernando Rodrigo Doline, João Henrique Farinhas dos Santos, Isabella Braghin Ferreira, Bruna Barroso Gomes, Dirce Mary Correa Meisel, Leandro Meneguelli Biondo, Susana Angélica Zevallos Lescano, Ronaldo Cesar Borges Gryschek, Ro
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2023; 17(4): e0011283. CrossRef
Ineffectiveness of TF-Test® and Coproplus® Methods in Strongyloides stercoralis Infection Diagnosis
Cíntia de Lima Oliveira, Joelma Nascimento de Souza, Alex Bruno da Silva Souza, Nilo Manoel Pereira Vieira Barreto, Irlana Dias Ribeiro, Larissa Mota Sampaio, Weslei Almeida Costa Araújo, Juliane Silva Batista dos Santos, Márcia Cristina Aquino Teixeira,
Acta Parasitologica.2022; 67(2): 732. CrossRef
Assessing seroprevalence and associated risk factors for multiple infectious diseases in Sabah, Malaysia using serological multiplex bead assays
YuYen L. Chan, Catriona L. Patterson, Jeffrey W. Priest, Gillian Stresman, Timothy William, Tock H. Chua, Kevin Tetteh, Patrick Lammie, Chris Drakeley, Kimberly M. Fornace
Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Seropositivity and geographical distribution of Strongyloides stercoralis in Australia: A study of pathology laboratory data from 2012–2016
Jennifer Shield, Sabine Braat, Matthew Watts, Gemma Robertson, Miles Beaman, James McLeod, Robert W. Baird, Julie Hart, Jennifer Robson, Rogan Lee, Stuart McKessar, Suellen Nicholson, Johanna Mayer-Coverdale, Beverley-Ann Biggs, Subash Babu
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2021; 15(3): e0009160. CrossRef
Prevalence and risk factors of strongyloidiasis among schoolchildren in Sabach Sanjal and Upper Badibou districts in the North Bank East Region of The Gambia
Abdoulie M. Sanyang, Ebrima Joof, Alhagie Papa Sey, Sana Sambou, Zeehaida Mohamed, Bakary Sanneh
Parasite Epidemiology and Control.2021; 15: e00228. CrossRef
Serological assays for the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy
Narges Kalantari, Mohammad Chehrazi, Salman Ghaffari, Tahmineh Gorgani-Firouzjaee
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2020; 114(6): 459. CrossRef
Prevalence and risk factors of Strongyloides stercoralis infection among Orang Asli schoolchildren: new insights into the epidemiology, transmission and diagnosis of strongyloidiasis in Malaysia
Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi, Nabil A. Nasr, Yvonne A. L. Lim, Fatin Nur Elyana, Hany Sady, Wahib M. Atroosh, Salwa Dawaki, Tengku Shahrul Anuar, Rahmah Noordin, Rohela Mahmud
Parasitology.2019; 146(12): 1602. CrossRef
A possible need for routine screening for Strongyloides stercoralis infection in Indian haemophilia patients
Rucha K. Patil, Kanjaksha K. Ghosh, S. Chandrakala, Shrimati Shetty
Indian Journal of Medical Research.2018; 147(3): 315. CrossRef
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Catherine Gordon, Johanna Kurscheid, Malcolm Jones, Darren Gray, Donald McManus
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2017; 2(4): 56. CrossRef

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Identification of Cryptosporidium from Dairy Cattle in Pahang, Malaysia: Nur Hazirah Hisamuddin, Najat Hashim, Sharmeen Nellisa Soffian, Mohd Hishammfariz Mohd Amin, Ridhwan Abdul Wahab, Mardhiah Mohammad, Muhammad Lokman Md Isa, Afzan Mat Yusof; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(2):197-200.
Published online April 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.2.197

Abstract
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Cryptosporidium, a protozoan parasite, can cause cryptosporidiosis which is a gastrointestinal disease that can infect humans and livestock. Cattle are the most common livestock that can be infected with this protozoan. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in cattle in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia and to find out the association between the occurrence of infection and 3 different ages of cattle (calves less than 1 year, yearling, and adult cattle). The samples were processed by using formol-ether concentration technique and stained by modified Ziehl Neelsen. The results showed that 15.9% (24/151) of cattle were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts. The occurrence of Cryptosporidium in calves less than 1 year was the highest with the percentage of 20.0% (11/55) followed by yearling and adult cattle, with the percentage occurrence of 15.6 % (7/45) and 11.8% (6/51), respectively. There was no significant association between the occurrence and age of cattle and presence of diarrhea. Good management practices and proper hygiene management must be taken in order to reduce the infection. It is highly important to control the infection since infected cattle may serve as potential reservoirs of the infection to other animals and humans, especially animal handlers.

Citations

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Prevalence and distribution of Cryptosporidium spp. in cattle in central and western Inner Mongolia, China
Ziran Mo, Bin Xu, Jingwei Quan, Qinghan Meng, Xu Jiang, Junyan Li, Jia Wang, Yaping Xuan, Xingyu Ruan, Wenbin Yang, Xiaoping Luo, Wei Hu
BMC Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A preliminary study on the etiology of neonatal calf diarrhea: prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Rotavirus in semi-industrial farms in Bavaria
Mircea Jifcu, Diana Hoffman , Ioan-Cristian Dreghiciu , Alesia Cioacă , Tiana Florea , Anamaria Plesko , Ion Oprescu , Sorin Morariu , Marius Stelian Ilie
Romanian Journal of Veterinary Sciences.2024; 58(1): 164. CrossRef
Prevalence and multilocus genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. in cattle in Jiangxi Province, southeastern China
Sen Li, Yang Zou, Pei Wang, Ming-Ren Qu, Wen-Bin Zheng, Ping Wang, Xiao-Qing Chen, Xing-Quan Zhu
Parasitology Research.2021; 120(4): 1281. CrossRef
Cryptosporidium Infection Increases the Risk for Chronic Diarrhea Among People Living With HIV in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Wiwien S. Utami, Elsa H. Murhandarwati, Wayan T. Artama, Hari Kusnanto
Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health.2020; 32(1): 8. CrossRef
Molecular detection and epidemiological risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection among cattle in Peninsular Malaysia
D.A. Abdullah, S.D. Ola-Fadunsin, K. Ruviniyia, F.I. Gimba, P. Chandrawathani, Y.A.L. Lim, F.F.A. Jesse, R.S.K. Sharma
Food and Waterborne Parasitology.2019; 14: e00035. CrossRef
Prevalence and molecular characterization of bovine Cryptosporidium from dairy cows in Northern Thailand
Tawin Inpankaew, Tawisa Jiyipong, Chainirun Sunanta, Chanya Kengradomkij, Nongnuch Pinyopanuwat, Sathaporn Jittapalapong
Acta Parasitologica.2017;[Epub] CrossRef

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Different Clinical Outcomes of Entamoeba histolytica in Malaysia: Does Genetic Diversity Exist?: Tengku Shahrul Anuar, Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi, Mohamed Kamel Abdul Ghani, Siti Nor Azreen, Fatmah Md Salleh, Nuraffini Ghazali, Mekadina Bernadus, Norhayati Moktar; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(2):231-236.
Published online April 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.231

Abstract
PDF

The present study was conducted to investigate the clinical outcomes of Entamoeba histolytica infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic Orang Asli (aborigine) communities in Malaysia. Examination was performed on 500 stool samples obtained from Orang Asli communities in 3 different states using formalin-ether concentration, trichrome staining, and single-round PCR techniques. Out of 500 stool samples, single infection of E. histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, and Entamoeba moshkovskii was identified in 3.2%, 13.4%, and 1%, respectively. In addition, 10 samples had mixed infections with E. histolytica and E. dispar. Six samples containing E. dispar were also positive for E. moshkovskii, and only 2 samples had E. histolytica in association with E. dispar and E. moshkovskii. Seventeen E. histolytica-positive samples were from symptomatic subjects, whereas the remaining 11 samples came from asymptomatic subjects. These findings suggest a predominant distribution of pathogenic potential of E. histolytica strains in this community. Therefore, further studies on genotyping of E. histolytica is required, to find out association between E. histolytica genotype and the outcome of the infection.

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Ali Mohsin Zghair, Imen Khammari, Hamed Chouaieb, Samar Ismail, Amal Khudair Khalaf, Akila Fathallah
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Molecular Identification and Prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar and Entamoeba moshkovskii in Erbil City, Northern Iraq
SHLER AKRAM FAQE MAHMOOD, HAWRI MUSTAFA BAKR
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Host-antibody inductivity of virulent Entamoeba histolytica and non-virulent Entamoeba moshkovskii in a mouse model
Narumol Khomkhum, Somphob Leetachewa, Aulia Rahmi Pawestri, Saengduen Moonsom
Parasites & Vectors.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular Epidemiology of Amoebiasis: A Cross-Sectional Study among North East Indian Population
Joyobrato Nath, Sankar Kumar Ghosh, Baby Singha, Jaishree Paul, Rashidul Haque
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Detection of the amoebaEntamoeba gingivalisin periodontal pockets
Mark Bonner, Véronique Amard, Charlotte Bar-Pinatel, Frédéric Charpentier, Jean-Michel Chatard, Yvan Desmuyck, Serge Ihler, Jean-Pierre Rochet, Véronique Roux de La Tribouille, Luc Saladin, Marion Verdy, Núria Gironès, Manuel Fresno, Julien Santi-Rocca
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Jaco J. Verweij, C. Rune Stensvold
Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2014; 27(2): 371. CrossRef

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Case Report

Cat Flea Infestation in a Hospital: A Case Report: Muthupalaniappen Leelavathi, Moktar Norhayati, Yin Yin Lee; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(1):79-82.
Published online March 6, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.1.79

Abstract
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Cat flea bite in humans results in extremely pruritic skin lesions. It has been reported to occur among those living in domiciliary accommodation. However, nosocomial infestation with cat flea has not been reported. We hereby report a case of nosocomial infestation of cat flea in a hospital facility. Identification of the parasite, its appropriate eradication, and adequate medical management of the patients resulted in a satisfactory outcome.

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Original Article

Sarcocystosis among Wild Captive and Zoo Animals in Malaysia: Baha Latif, Subramaniam Vellayan, Effat Omar, Suliman Abdullah, Noryatimah Mat Desa; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(3):213-217.
Published online September 16, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.3.213

Abstract
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Sarcocystis sp. infection was investigated in 20 necropsied captive wild mammals and 20 birds in 2 petting zoos in Malaysia. The gross post-mortem lesions in mammals showed marbling of the liver with uniform congestion of the intestine, and for birds, there was atrophy of the sternal muscles with hemorrhage and edema of the lungs in 2 birds. Naked eye examination was used for detection of macroscopic sarcocysts, and muscle squash for microscopic type. Only microscopically visible cysts were detected in 8 animals and species identification was not possible. Histological examination of the sections of infected skeletal muscles showed more than 5 sarcocysts in each specimen. No leukocytic infiltration was seen in affected organs. The shape of the cysts was elongated or circular, and the mean size reached 254 × 24.5 ?m and the thickness of the wall up to 2.5 ?m. Two stages were recognized in the cysts, the peripheral metrocytes and large numbers of crescent shaped merozoites. Out of 40 animals examined, 3 mammals and 5 birds were positive (20%). The infection rate was 15% and 25% in mammals and birds, respectively. Regarding the organs, the infection rate was 50% in the skeletal muscles followed by tongue and heart (37.5%), diaphragm (25%), and esophagus (12.5%). Further ultrastructural studies are required to identify the species of Sarcocystis that infect captive wild animals and their possible role in zoonosis.

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