Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"Theileria"

Original Article

Validation of Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Bovine PBMCs Transformed and Non-transformed by Theileria annulata: Hongxi Zhao, Junlong Liu, Youquan Li, Congshan Yang, Shuaiyang Zhao, Juan Liu, Aihong Liu, Guangyuan Liu, Hong Yin, Guiquan Guan, Jianxun Luo; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):39-46.
Published online February 26, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.39

Abstract
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Theileria annulata is a tick-borne intracellular protozoan parasite that causes tropical theileriosis, a fatal bovine lymphoproliferative disease. The parasite predominantly invades bovine B lymphocytes and macrophages and induces host cell transformation by a mechanism that is not fully comprehended. Analysis of signaling pathways by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) could be a highly efficient means to understand this transformation mechanism. However, accurate analysis of qPCR data relies on selection of appropriate reference genes for normalization, yet few papers on T. annulata contain evidence of reference gene validation. We therefore used the geNorm and NormFinder programs to evaluate the stability of 5 candidate reference genes; 18S rRNA, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), ACTB (β-actin), PRKG1 (protein kinase cGMP-dependent, type I) and TATA box binding protein (TBP). The results showed that 18S rRNA was the reference gene most stably expressed in bovine PBMCs transformed and non-transformed with T. annulata, followed by GAPDH and TBP. While 18S rRNA and GAPDH were the best combination, these 2 genes were chosen as references to study signaling pathways involved in the transformation mechanism of T. annulata.

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Brief Communication

Detection of Tick-Borne Pathogens in the Korean Water Deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) from Jeonbuk Province, Korea: Giyong Seong, Yu-Jung Han, Sung-Suck Oh, Joon-Seok Chae, Do-Hyeon Yu, Jinho Park, Bae-Keun Park, Jae-Gyu Yoo, Kyoung-Seong Choi; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(5):653-659.
Published online October 29, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.5.653

Abstract
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The
objective
of this study was to investigate the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in the Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus). Pathogens were identified using PCR which included Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia, and Theileria. Rickettsia was not detected, whereas Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Theileria infections were detected in 4, 2, and 8 animals, respectively. The most prevalent pathogen was Theileria. Of the 8 Theileria-positive animals, 2 were mixed-infected with 3 pathogens (Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Theileria) and another 2 animals showed mixed-infection with 2 pathogens (Anaplasma and Theileria). Sequencing analysis was used to verify the PCR results. The pathogens found in this study were identified as Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia canis, and Theileria sp. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report identifying these 3 pathogens in the Korean water deer. Our results suggest that the Korean water deer may serve as a major reservoir for these tick-borne pathogens, leading to spread of tick-borne diseases to domestic animals, livestock, and humans. Further studies are needed to investigate their roles in this respect.

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Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports.2017; 7: 25. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Phylogenetic Analysis of Ruminant Theileria spp. from China Based on 28S Ribosomal RNA Gene: Huitian Gou, Guiquan Guan, Miling Ma, Aihong Liu, Zhijie Liu, Zongke Xu, Qiaoyun Ren, Youquan Li, Jifei Yang, Ze Chen, Hong Yin, Jianxun Luo; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(5):511-517.
Published online October 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.5.511

Abstract
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Species identification using DNA sequences is the basis for DNA taxonomy. In this study, we sequenced the ribosomal large-subunit RNA gene sequences (3,037-3,061 bp) in length of 13 Chinese Theileria stocks that were infective to cattle and sheep. The complete 28S rRNA gene is relatively difficult to amplify and its conserved region is not important for phylogenetic study. Therefore, we selected the D2-D3 region from the complete 28S rRNA sequences for phylogenetic analysis. Our analyses of 28S rRNA gene sequences showed that the 28S rRNA was useful as a phylogenetic marker for analyzing the relationships among Theileria spp. in ruminants. In addition, the D2-D3 region was a short segment that could be used instead of the whole 28S rRNA sequence during the phylogenetic analysis of Theileria, and it may be an ideal DNA barcode.

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Differential detection of ovine Theileria species using loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with nanoparticle-based lateral flow biosensor
Haohan Zhu, Shuaiyang Zhao, Jin Luo, Muhammad Kashif Obaid, Shaohua Zhang, Peiqi Liu, Jianxun Luo, Hong Yin, Junlong Liu, Guiquan Guan
Veterinary Parasitology.2025; 336: 110443. CrossRef
An insight into misidentification of the small-subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene sequences of Theileria spp. as Theileria annulata
Anil Kumar Nehra, Ansu Kumari, Aman Dev Moudgil, Sukhdeep Vohra
BMC Veterinary Research.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
DNA-based molecular identification of Urnula mediterranea (Ascomycota, Pezizales) collected in Central Serbia
Dejan Arsenijević, Stefan Blagojević, Nevena Planojević, Aleksandra Nikezić, Dejan Vidanović, Nenad Milosavljević, Snežana Marković
Kragujevac Journal of Science.2021; (43): 53. CrossRef
Putative Internal Control Genes in Bovine Milk Small Extracellular Vesicles Suitable for Normalization in Quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction
Md. Matiur Rahman, Shigeo Takashima, Yuji O. Kamatari, Yassien Badr, Kaori Shimizu, Ayaka Okada, Yasuo Inoshima
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Clinical Pathology, Immunopathology and Advanced Vaccine Technology in Bovine Theileriosis: A Review
Onyinyechukwu Ada Agina, Mohd Rosly Shaari, Nur Mahiza Md Isa, Mokrish Ajat, Mohd Zamri-Saad, Hazilawati Hamzah
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Biochemical, Hematological, and Electrocardiographic Changes in Buffaloes Naturally Infected with Theileria annulata: A. Hasanpour, G. A. Moghaddam, Ahmad Nematollahi; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(4):223-227.
Published online December 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.4.223

Abstract
PDF

Changes in selected blood and serum components and electrocardiography (ECG) were investigated in 20 adults (13 females and 7 males) of water buffaloes suffering from severe theileriosis. The age of all animals used in this study ranged 1.5-5 yr. Theileriosis was diagnosed by observation of parasites in the peripheral blood and the presence of schizonts in lymphocytes that were provided from swollen lymph nodes. Statistically significant decreases were observed in the means of RBC, WBC, and packed cell volume (PCV) in blood of infected animals. The means levels of sodium, calcium, phosphorus, and potassium of infected animals were lower than healthy animals, but only the decrease of potassium was significant. The mean serum activities of aspartate transferase and alanine aminotransfrase were significantly higher than in uninfected animals. Three cases had atrial premature beat, 2 cases had sinus tachycardia, 2 had sinus arrhythmia, and 1 had first degree of atrioventricular block in ECG. The present study showed that T. annulata infection in cattle is associated with hematological and biochemical, and ECG changes.

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Molecular epidemiology of bovine theileriosis and genetic diversity of Theileria annulata in three governorates of Egypt
Mohamed R. Hassan, Hend H. A. M. Abdullah, Sobhy Abdel-Shafy, Reham S. El-Maadawy, Samah M. Abd El-Gawad, Hanem Khater
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2024; 48(3): 525. CrossRef
Clinical Findings, Laboratory Results, Electrocardiography and Echocardiography Findings in Dairy Buffaloes with Theileriosis
Kambala Swetha, Bhavanam Sudhakara Reddy, Bollam Shobhamani, Sirigireddy Sivajothi
Acta Parasitologica.2024; 69(4): 1896. CrossRef
ROLE OF CALCIUM, VITAMIN D AND VITAMIN D RECEPTORS IN PATHOGENESIS OF THEILERIOSIS IN CATTLE
R Akhtar, K Khan, M Naseer, B Zahid, U.F. Durrani, M.U. Jamil
The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences.2024; (5): 1220. CrossRef
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Bahaa S. Madkour, Mohamed Karmi, Menna Allah Youssef, Aml Abdelraouf, Ahmed Abdel-Rady
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2023; 47(1): 124. CrossRef
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V. Agrawal, G. Das, L. D. Singla, S. Shukla, B. R. Maharana, A. K. Jayraw, M. Shakya, G. P. Jatav
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Samad Lotfollahzadeh, Masoud Rahmani, Mehrdad Mohri, Omid Madadgar
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A study on the prevalence of a tick-transmitted pathogen, Theileria annulata, and hematological profile of cattle from Southern Punjab (Pakistan)
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Treatment of natural tropical theileriosis with the extract of the plant Peganum harmala: Mohammad Mirzaei; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(4):267-271.
Published online December 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.4.267

Abstract
PDF

Theileria annulata, a protozoan parasite of cattle and domestic buffaloes, is transmitted by ticks of the genus Hyalomma, and causes a disease named Mediterranean or tropical theileriosis. In this research 50 cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata were treated with the extract of the plant Peganum harmala. The treatment was continued for 5 days, the dose of the extract being 5 mg/kg per day. After the treatment, 39 cattle responded to the treatment and recovered, but 11 did not respond to the treatment and died. The recovery rate of animals treated with the extract of the plant Peganum harmala was 78%.

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