Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"adipocyte"

Original Articles

Signaling Role of Adipocyte Leptin in Prostate Cell Proliferation Induced by Trichomonas vaginalis: Jung-Hyun Kim, Ik-Hwan Han, Su-Jin Shin, Sung-Yul Park, Hyo-Yeoung Chung, Jae-Sook Ryu; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(3):235-249.
Published online June 21, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.3.235

Abstract
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Leptin is a type of adipokine mainly produced by adipocytes and reported to be overproduced in prostate cancer. However, it is not known whether it stimulates the proliferation of prostate cells. In this study, we investigated whether benign prostatic hyperplasia epithelial cells (BPH-1 cells) infected with Trichomonas vaginalis induced the proliferation of prostate cells via a leptin signaling pathway. To investigate the effect of crosstalk between adipocyte leptin and inflamed epithelial cell in proliferation of prostate cells, adipocytes 3T3-L1 cells were incubated in conditioned medium of BPH-1 cells infected with T. vaginalis (T. vaginalis-conditioned medium, TCM), and then the adipocyte-conditioned medium (ATCM) was identified to cause proliferation of prostate cells. BPH-1 cells incubated with live T. vaginalis released pro-inflammatory cytokines, and conditioned medium of these cells caused migration of adipocytes. When prostate stromal cells and BPH-1 cells were incubated with adipocyte conditioned medium containing leptin, their growth rates increased as did expression of the leptin receptor (known as OBR) and signaling molecules such as JAK2/STAT3, Notch and survivin. Moreover, blocking the OBR reduced this proliferation and the expression of leptin signaling molecules in response to ATCM. In conclusion, our findings show that inflamed BPH-1 cells infected with T. vaginalis induce the proliferation of prostate cells through leptin-OBR signaling. Therefore, it is likely that T. vaginalis contributes to prostate enlargement in BPH via adipocyte leptin released as a result of inflammation of the prostate.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Interplay of obesity and parasitic infection: current evidence of immunogenesis, tumorigenesis and leptin receptor involvement
Enas El Saftawy, Mansour Alghamdi, Basma Emad Aboulhoda
Nutrition & Metabolism.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Intrinsic and extrinsic factors causing hyperplasia of the prostate
Yuki Kyoda, Kosuke Shibamori, Tetsuya Shindo, Takeshi Maehana, Kohei Hashimoto, Ko Kobayashi, Toshiaki Tanaka, Fumimasa Fukuta, Naoya Masumori
International Journal of Urology.2024; 31(7): 705. CrossRef
Association between metabolic syndrome and benign prostatic hyperplasia: The underlying molecular connection
Xun Fu, Yutao Wang, Yi Lu, Jiang Liu, Hongjun Li
Life Sciences.2024; 358: 123192. CrossRef
Point-of-Care Diagnostic for Trichomonas vaginalis, the Most Prevalent, Non-Viral Sexually Transmitted Infection
John F. Alderete, Hermes Chan
Pathogens.2023; 12(1): 77. CrossRef
Trichomonas vaginalis excretory secretory proteins reduce semen quality and male fertility
Zhenchao Zhang, Fakun Li, Yangyang Deng, Yuhua Li, Wanxin Sheng, Xiaowei Tian, Zhenke Yang, Shuai Wang, Lihua Guo, Lixia Hao, Xuefang Mei
Acta Tropica.2023; 238: 106794. CrossRef
The correlation between Trichomonas vaginalis infection and reproductive system cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Zhenchao Zhang, Dongxian Li, Yuhua Li, Rui Zhang, Xianghuan Xie, Yi Yao, Linfei Zhao, Xiaowei Tian, Zhenke Yang, Shuai Wang, Xuejing Yue, Xuefang Mei
Infectious Agents and Cancer.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Inflammatory response to Trichomonas vaginalis in the pathogenesis of prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia
Ik-Hwan Han, Jung-Hyun Kim, Jae-Sook Ryu
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(1): 2. CrossRef
Proliferation of Mouse Prostate Cancer Cells Inflamed by Trichomonas vaginalis
Sang-Su Kim, Kyu-Shik Kim, Ik-Hwan Han, Yeseul Kim, Seong Sik Bang, Jung-Hyun Kim, Yong-Suk Kim, Soo-Yeon Choi, Jae-Sook Ryu
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(6): 547. CrossRef
Involvement of Macrophages in Proliferation of Prostate Cancer Cells Infected with Trichomonas vaginalis
Kyu-Shik Kim, Hong-Sang Moon, Sang-Su Kim, Jae-Sook Ryu
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(6): 557. CrossRef

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Polarization of M2 Macrophages by Interaction between Prostate Cancer Cells Treated with Trichomonas vaginalis and Adipocytes: Hyo-Yeoung Chung, Jung-Hyun Kim, Ik-Hwan Han, Jae-Sook Ryu; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(3):217-227.
Published online June 26, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.3.217

Abstract
PDF

Trichomonas vaginalis causes inflammation of the prostate and has been detected in tissues of prostate cancers (PCa), prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Obesity is a risk factor for PCa and causes a chronic subclinical inflammation. This chronic inflammation further exacerbates adipose tissue inflammation as results of migration and activation of macrophages. Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in the PCa microenvironment. M2 macrophages, known as Tumor-Associated Macrophages, are involved in increasing cancer malignancy. In this study, conditioned medium (TCM) of PCa cells infected with live trichomonads contained chemokines that stimulated migration of the mouse preadipocytes (3T3-L1 cells). Conditioned medium of adipocytes incubated with TCM (ATCM) contained Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13). Macrophage migration was stimulated by ATCM. In macrophages treated with ATCM, expression of M2 markers increased, while M1 markers decreased. Therefore, it is suggested that ATCM induces polarization of M0 to M2 macrophages. In addition, conditioned medium from the macrophages incubated with ATCM stimulates the proliferation and invasiveness of PCa. Our findings suggest that interaction between inflamed PCa treated with T. vaginalis and adipocytes causes M2 macrophage polarization, so contributing to the progression of PCa.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Interplay of obesity and parasitic infection: current evidence of immunogenesis, tumorigenesis and leptin receptor involvement
Enas El Saftawy, Mansour Alghamdi, Basma Emad Aboulhoda
Nutrition & Metabolism.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Adipocyte–Tumor Interactions in the Bone Marrow Niche: Implications for Metastasis and Therapy
Alhomam Dabaliz, Mohammad Nawar Al Hakawati, Najmuddeen Alrashdan, Sarah Alrashdan, Mohamad Bakir, Khalid S. Mohammad
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(19): 9781. CrossRef
Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Three-Dimensional-Cultured Human Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevent Inflammation and Dedifferentiation in Pancreatic Islets
Eunwon Lee, Seungyeon Ha, Gyuri Kim, Jae Hyeon Kim, Sang-Man Jin, Patricia Murray
Stem Cells International.2023; 2023: 1. CrossRef
The correlation between Trichomonas vaginalis infection and reproductive system cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Zhenchao Zhang, Dongxian Li, Yuhua Li, Rui Zhang, Xianghuan Xie, Yi Yao, Linfei Zhao, Xiaowei Tian, Zhenke Yang, Shuai Wang, Xuejing Yue, Xuefang Mei
Infectious Agents and Cancer.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The Roles of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Prostate Cancer
Chenglin Han, Yuxuan Deng, Wenchao Xu, Zhuo Liu, Tao Wang, Shaogang Wang, Jihong Liu, Xiaming Liu, Eshan Khan
Journal of Oncology.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
Sevoflurane activates the IL-6/HO-1 pathway to promote macrophage M2 polarization and prostate cancer lung metastasis
Fang Yu, Tao Bai
International Immunopharmacology.2022; 113: 109380. CrossRef
Signaling Role of Adipocyte Leptin in Prostate Cell Proliferation Induced by Trichomonas vaginalis
Jung-Hyun Kim, Ik-Hwan Han, Su-Jin Shin, Sung-Yul Park, Hyo-Yeoung Chung, Jae-Sook Ryu
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(3): 235. CrossRef
Proliferation of Mouse Prostate Cancer Cells Inflamed by Trichomonas vaginalis
Sang-Su Kim, Kyu-Shik Kim, Ik-Hwan Han, Yeseul Kim, Seong Sik Bang, Jung-Hyun Kim, Yong-Suk Kim, Soo-Yeon Choi, Jae-Sook Ryu
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(6): 547. CrossRef
Involvement of Macrophages in Proliferation of Prostate Cancer Cells Infected with Trichomonas vaginalis
Kyu-Shik Kim, Hong-Sang Moon, Sang-Su Kim, Jae-Sook Ryu
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(6): 557. CrossRef
Is Trichomonas vaginalis a Risk Factor for Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Gianpaolo Perletti, Vittorio Magri, Louise Beckers-Perletti, Alberto Trinchieri, Konstantinos Stamatiou
Hellenic Urology.2021; 33(1): 12. CrossRef

8,861 View
192 Download
10 Web of Science
Crossref

Brief Communication

Changes of Serum Adiponectin Levels in Murine Experimental Sparganosis: Hyun-Jong Yang; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(2):91-93.
Published online June 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.2.91

Abstract
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The weight gain phenomenon associated with sparganosis has been well documented and was first recognized in the 1960s. Many studies have been conducted regarding the plerocercoid growth factor in the larva of Spirometra mansoni. In the present study, we hypothesized that the weight gain may be affected by the adipocyte secreted hormones, i.e., adiponectin, which is secreted from the adipose tissues in case of tissue migrating parasitic infections. Specifically, we attempted to ascertain whether the serum levels of adiponectin change in murine sparganosis. However, serum adiponectin levels assayed by ELISA evidenced no significant changes after an experimental infection (P > 0.05). Finally, the weight gain phenomenon in mouse sparganosis is not associated with changes in adiponectin levels, and further investigations involving parasitic infection-induced weight gain remain necessary.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A Protein Microarray for the Rapid Screening of Patients Suspected of Infection with Various Food-Borne Helminthiases
Jia-Xu Chen, Mu-Xin Chen, Lin Ai, Jun-Hu Chen, Shao-Hong Chen, Yong-Nian Zhang, Yu-Chun Cai, Xing-Quan Zhu, Xiao-Nong Zhou, Patrick J. Lammie
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2012; 6(11): e1899. CrossRef