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Original Article

Occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and the Relationship between Protozoa and Water Quality Indicators in Swimming Pools
Shumin Xiao, Pengna Yin, Yan Zhang, Sike Hu
Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(2):129-135.
Published online April 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.2.129
A total of 60 samples were collected from 35 swimming pools in Beijing, China, and the presence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia were investigated. The results showed that 16.7% and 15.0% of samples were positive for Cryptosporidium oocyst and Giardia cysts, respectively, with a mean concentration of 0.30 oocysts/10 L and 0.27 cysts/10 L. The oocysts and cysts were found to have higher rates of occurrence in August than in May. Genotyping confirmed the presence of Cryptosporidium hominis, C. parvum, and Giardia assemblages A and B, all of which were associated with human infections. The predominant species/assemblages were C. hominis and Giardia assemblage A. Analyses of the relationships between parasite oocysts/cysts, indicator bacteria, and physical-chemical parameters revealed that there was no correlation between 2 parasites and fecal bacterial indicators, whilst there was a significant correlation between protozoa and urea concentration, which indicates that urea concentration rather than fecal bacterial indicators might be an appropriate index for chlorine-resistant protozoa in swimming pools. This study provides useful information to improve the safety of swimming pool water and deduce the risk of protozoan infections.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis: An update of Asian perspectives in humans, water and food, 2015–2025
    Shahira Abdelaziz Ali Ahmed, Sonia Boughattas, Mohammad Reza Mahmoudi, Huma Khan, Simuzar Mamedova, Ardra Namboodiri, Frederick R. Masangkay, Panagiotis Karanis
    Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases.2025; 8: 100311.     CrossRef
  • Giardia and Campylobacter: Fifteen years (2010–2024) of waterborne outbreaks in Europe
    Antonino Pace, Paola Pepe, Massimiliano Fabbricino, Vincenzo Mignano, Lavinia Ciuca, Laura Rinaldi, Ludovico Dipineto
    Food and Waterborne Parasitology.2025; 41: e00299.     CrossRef
  • Assessment of domestic water quality of households and schools in Nabatieh, Lebanon, and development of a new spectrophotometric method for the detection of Entamoeba spp. In tap water
    Israa Dib, Mohamad Fakih, Hiba Noureddine, Ali Salami, Vanessa Alphonse, Alexandre Livet, Noureddine Bousserrhine
    Environmental Pollution.2024; 341: 122945.     CrossRef
  • Wastewater-based intestinal protozoa monitoring in Shanghai, China
    Yanyan Jiang, Zhongying Yuan, Yaxue Wang, Jing Zhang, Yujuan Shen, Jianping Cao, Jian Li
    Microbiology Spectrum.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Environmental health aspects and microbial infections of the recreational water
    Faika Hassanein, Inas M. Masoud, Marwa M. Fekry, Mohamed S. Abdel-Latif, Hussein Abdel-Salam, Mohamed Salem, Amany I Shehata
    BMC Public Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Review on the management of water quality for bio-mineral swimming pools in Western Europe
    Julien G. Mahy, Frédéric Luizi
    Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A scoping review of risk factors and transmission routes associated with human giardiasis outbreaks in high-income settings
    Sarah Krumrie, Paul Capewell, Alison Smith-Palmer, Dominic Mellor, Willie Weir, Claire L. Alexander
    Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases.2022; 2: 100084.     CrossRef
  • Detection of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in Environmental Water Samples: A Journey into the Past and New Perspectives
    Marie-Stéphanie Fradette, Alexander I. Culley, Steve J. Charette
    Microorganisms.2022; 10(6): 1175.     CrossRef
  • Detection of Giardia duodenalis and Toxoplasma gondii in soil and water samples in the Quindío River basin, Colombia
    Valeria Alejandra Pinto-Duarte, Natalia Marcela Hérnandez-Arango, Benyi Juliana Marin-Gallego, Paola Andrea Toloza-Beltrán, Fabiana María Lora-Suarez, Jorge Enrique Gómez-Marín
    Food and Waterborne Parasitology.2022; 28: e00175.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the health risks linked to two swimming pools regularly frequented from the city of Yaounde in Cameroon (Central Africa)
    Elvire Olivia Manezeu Tonleu, Paul-Alain Nana, Fils Mamert Onana, Nectaire Lié Nyamsi Tchatcho, Siméon Tchakonté, Moïse Nola, Télesphore Sime-Ngando, Gideon Ajeagah Aghaindum
    Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Occurrence of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Leisure Pools in the UK, 2017, and Modelling of Oocyst Contamination Events
    Rachel M. Chalmers, Lester P. Simmonds, Martin Wood, Megan Luxford, Rob Miller, Rob Johnston
    Water.2021; 13(11): 1503.     CrossRef
  • Influence of hydrotherapy pool water recirculation regime on Staphylococcus species concentration at subsurface: Preliminary experimental data from a pilot
    Joël Lagière, Sébastien Labarthe, Karine Dubourg, Frédéric Bauduer
    Environment International.2020; 136: 105382.     CrossRef
  • Co-infection risk assessment of Giardia and Cryptosporidium with HIV considering synergistic effects and age sensitivity using disability-adjusted life years
    Mingyi Han, Shumin Xiao, Wei An, Chenhui Sang, Hongyan Li, Jinfeng Ma, Min Yang
    Water Research.2020; 175: 115698.     CrossRef
  • A retrospective epidemiological analysis of human Cryptosporidium infection in China during the past three decades (1987-2018)
    Aiqin Liu, Baiyan Gong, Xiaohua Liu, Yujuan Shen, Yanchen Wu, Weizhe Zhang, Jianping Cao, Luther A. Bartelt
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2020; 14(3): e0008146.     CrossRef
  • Detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in the slaughterhouse, sewage and river waters of the Qinghai Tibetan plateau area (QTPA), China
    Liqing Ma, Xueyong Zhang, Yingna Jian, Xiuping Li, Geping Wang, Yong Hu, Panagiotis Karanis
    Parasitology Research.2019; 118(7): 2041.     CrossRef
  • An innovative swimming pool water quality index (SPWQI) to monitor and evaluate the pools: design and compilation of computational model
    Somayeh Golbaz, Ramin Nabizadeh, Samaneh Zarinkolah, Amir Hossein Mahvi, Mahmood Alimohammadi, Mahmood Yousefi
    Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Assessing the Impact of Cyanuric Acid on Bather’s Risk of Gastrointestinal Illness at Swimming Pools
    Richard A. Falk, Ernest R. Blatchley, Thomas C. Kuechler, Ellen M. Meyer, Stanley R. Pickens, Laura M. Suppes
    Water.2019; 11(6): 1314.     CrossRef
  • Educational technology for fatigue management related to antineoplastic chemotherapy
    Marcela Maria de Melo Perdigão, Andrea Bezerra Rodrigues, Tayanne de Lima Magalhães, Fernanda Macedo Cartaxo Freitas, Lia Guedes Bravo, Patrícia Peres de Oliveira
    Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem.2019; 72(6): 1519.     CrossRef
  • Presence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in recreational lake water in Tianjin, China: a preliminary study
    Shumin Xiao, Yan Zhang, Xiaoyun Zhao, Liping Sun, Sike Hu
    Scientific Reports.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Exotic Tourist Destinations and Transmission of Infections by Swimming Pools and Hot Springs—A Literature Review
    Athena Mavridou, Olga Pappa, Olga Papatzitze, Chrysa Dioli, Anastasia Maria Kefala, Panagiotis Drossos, Apostolos Beloukas
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2018; 15(12): 2730.     CrossRef
  • 11,077 View
  • 253 Download
  • 23 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Mini Review

Immunological Mechanisms by Which Concomitant Helminth Infections Predispose to the Development of Human Tuberculosis
Patricia M?ndez-Samperio
Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(4):281-286.
Published online November 26, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.4.281

Helminthic infections afflict over 1.5 billion people worldwide, while Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects one third of the world's population, resulting in 2 million deaths per year. Although tuberculosis and helminthic infections coexist in many parts of the world, and it has been demonstrated that the T-helper 2 and T-regulatory cell responses elicited by helminths can affect the ability of the host to control mycobacterial infection, it is still unclear whether helminth infections in fact affect tuberculosis disease. In this review article, current progress in the knowledge about the immunomodulation induced by helminths to diminish the protective immune responses to bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination is reviewed, and the knowledge about the types of immune responses modulated by helminths and the consequences for tuberculosis are summarized. In addition, recent data supporting the significant reduction of both M. tuberculosis antigen-specific Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR9 expression, and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses to TLR2 and TLR9 ligands in individuals with M. tuberculosis and helminth co-infection were discussed. This examination will allow to improve understanding of the immune responses to mycobacterial infection and also be of great relevance in combating human tuberculosis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Advances in tuberculosis co-infections: Mechanisms, diagnosis, and therapeutics
    Shixiong He, Changjiao Luan, Jiaqi Gao, Feng Lu, Fang Tian, Muh Fauzi, She Zhang, Yinsong Chen, Xinlong He
    Microbial Pathogenesis.2026; 210: 108131.     CrossRef
  • Paradoxical Use of Benralizumab in Reactive Hypereosinophilia from Toxocariasis and Tuberculosis Co-Infection—Case Report and Literature Review
    Nicoleta Sorina Bertici, Talida Georgiana Cut, Amalia Ridichie, Andrei Raul Manzur, Razvan Adrian Bertici
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(17): 8117.     CrossRef
  • Spatial associations of Hansen’s disease and schistosomiasis in endemic regions of Minas Gerais, Brazil
    Jessica L. Stephens, Lucia A. O. Fraga, José A. Ferreira, Laura De Mondesert, Uriel Kitron, Julie A. Clennon, Jessica K. Fairley, Georgios Pappas
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2024; 18(12): e0012682.     CrossRef
  • Immunological reactivity and natural resistance in patients with tuberculosis, toxocariasis and tuberculosis associated with toxocariasis
    Angela Guila
    Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova. Medical Sciences.2024; 77(3): 239.     CrossRef
  • Clinical Analysis of the Renal Protective Effect of GLP-1 on Diabetic Patients Based on Edge Detection
    Jing Wang, Yang Wang, Ping Pang, Xiaomeng Jia, Xu Yan, Zhaohui Lv, Bhagyaveni M.A
    Journal of Healthcare Engineering.2022; 2022: 1.     CrossRef
  • Helminth infections and immunosenescence: The friend of my enemy
    Amir Abdoli, Hoda Mirzaian Ardakani
    Experimental Gerontology.2020; 133: 110852.     CrossRef
  • Fasciola hepatica coinfection modifies the morphological and immunological features of Echinococcus granulosus cysts in cattle
    Christian Hidalgo, Caroll Stoore, Marcela Hernández, Rodolfo Paredes
    Veterinary Research.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Intestinal parasites and HIV in Ethiopian tuberclosis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Getenet Dessie, Ayenew Negesse, Fasil Wagnew, Desalegne Amare, Balew Zeleke Tiruneh, Henok Mulugeta, Berhanu Abebaw Mekonen, Dessalegn Haile, Tilksew Ayalew, Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold
    Current Therapeutic Research.2020; 93: 100603.     CrossRef
  • Neglected Factors Affecting the Burden of Tuberculosis
    Amir Abdoli, Mirza Ali Mofazzal Jahromi
    Archives of Medical Research.2019; 50(1): 19.     CrossRef
  • Seroprevalence and risk factors for Toxocara infection among children in a rural community in Fars province, southern Iran
    Bahador Sarkari, Roya Alirezaei, Akram Layegh Gigloo, Zahra Rezaei, Fataneh Mikaeili, Mohammad Saleh Bahreini, Mohammad Fararouei
    Parasite Immunology.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Triazole Schiff’s Base Derivatives as Potential Antitubercular Agents
    Asma A. Sager, Zainab S. Abood, Wedad M. El-Amary, Salah M. Bensaber, Inass A. Al-Sadawe, Nouri B. Ermeli, Salah B. Mohamed, Mohamed Al-Forgany, Ibrahim A. Mrema, Mabrouk Erhuma, Anton Hermann, Abdul M. Gbaj
    The Open Medicinal Chemistry Journal.2018; 12(1): 48.     CrossRef
  • Parasitismo intestinal y tuberculosis
    Anuar Alonso Cedeño-Burbano, Ronal Fredy Cerón-Ortega, Carlos Eberth Pacichana-Agudelo, David Andrés Muñoz-García, Gerardo Alfonso Galeano-Triviño, Diana Catalina Cardona-Gómez, William Andrés Manquillo-Arias, Regina Victoria Plaza-Rivera
    Revista de la Facultad de Medicina.2017; 65(4): 673.     CrossRef
  • Molecular events by which dendritic cells promote Th2 immune protection in helmith infection
    Patricia Méndez-Samperio
    Infectious Diseases.2016; 48(10): 715.     CrossRef
  • Toll-like receptor signaling in parasitic infections
    Dalia S Ashour
    Expert Review of Clinical Immunology.2015; 11(6): 771.     CrossRef
  • Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes Through Parasite Infection
    Patricia Méndez-Samperio, Jorge Luis de-la-Rosa-Arana
    Immunotherapy.2015; 7(6): 595.     CrossRef
  • Co-infection of tuberculosis and parasitic diseases in humans: a systematic review
    Xin-Xu Li, Xiao-Nong Zhou
    Parasites & Vectors.2013;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 8,793 View
  • 113 Download
  • Crossref

Original Article

Infection Status of Hospitalized Diarrheal Patients with Gastrointestinal Protozoa, Bacteria, and Viruses in the Republic of Korea
Hyeng-Il Cheun, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jin-Hee Lee, Yi-Young Lim, Ji-Hye Jeon, Jae-Ran Yu, Tong-Soo Kim, Won-Ja Lee, Seung-Hak Cho, Deog-Yong Lee, Mi-Seon Park, Hye-Sook Jeong, Doo-Sung Chen, Yeong-Mi Ji, Mi-Hwa Kwon
Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(2):113-120.
Published online June 17, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.2.113

To understand protozoan, viral, and bacterial infections in diarrheal patients, we analyzed positivity and mixed-infection status with 3 protozoans, 4 viruses, and 10 bacteria in hospitalized diarrheal patients during 2004-2006 in the Republic of Korea. A total of 76,652 stool samples were collected from 96 hospitals across the nation. The positivity for protozoa, viruses, and bacteria was 129, 1,759, and 1,797 per 10,000 persons, respectively. Especially, Cryptosporidium parvum was highly mixed-infected with rotavirus among pediatric diarrheal patients (29.5 per 100 C. parvum positive cases), and Entamoeba histolytica was mixed-infected with Clostridium perfringens (10.3 per 100 E. histolytica positive cases) in protozoan-diarrheal patients. Those infected with rotavirus and C. perfringens constituted relatively high proportions among mixed infection cases from January to April. The positivity for rotavirus among viral infection for those aged ≤ 5 years was significantly higher, while C. perfringens among bacterial infection was higher for ≥ 50 years. The information for association of viral and bacterial infections with enteropathogenic protozoa in diarrheal patients may contribute to improvement of care for diarrhea as well as development of control strategies for diarrheal diseases in Korea.

Citations

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  • Molecular mechanisms of Shigella effector proteins: a common pathogen among diarrheic pediatric population
    Ahmad Nasser, Mehrdad Mosadegh, Taher Azimi, Aref Shariati
    Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of rotavirus among older children and adults with diarrhea: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Lola Arakaki, Deanna Tollefson, Brenda Kharono, Paul K. Drain
    Vaccine.2021; 39(33): 4577.     CrossRef
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    Wilaiwan Senghoi, Wiyada Kwanhian Klangbud
    PeerJ.2021; 9: e12151.     CrossRef
  • Molecular Detection and Epidemiological Features of Selected Bacterial, Viral, and Parasitic Enteropathogens in Stool Specimens from Children with Acute Diarrhea in Thi-Qar Governorate, Iraq
    Ali Harb, Sam Abraham, Bertha Rusdi, Tanya Laird, Mark O’Dea, Ihab Habib
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(9): 1573.     CrossRef
  • Molecular Prevalence and Genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia duodenalis in Patients with Acute Diarrhea in Korea, 2013-2016
    Da-Won Ma, Myoung-Ro Lee, Sung-Hee Hong, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Sang-Eun Lee
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(5): 531.     CrossRef
  • Monitoring of Noxious Protozoa for Management of Natural Water Resources
    Young Yil Bahk, Pyo Yun Cho, Sung Kyu Ahn, Sangjung Park, Won Hwa Jheong, Yun-Kyu Park, Ho-Joon Shin, Sang-Seob Lee, Okjae Rhee, Tong-Soo Kim
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2018; 56(2): 205.     CrossRef
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    Miguel Romero, R. Cerritos, Cecilia Ximenez
    Journal of Parasitology Research.2016; 2016: 1.     CrossRef
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    Soo Kyoung Choi, Youn Hee Lee, Jinhee Lee, Seon Ho Park, Mi Hee Kim, Ok-Ran Shin, Young-Seok Cho
    The Korean Journal of Medicine.2015; 89(3): 312.     CrossRef
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    Kang-Hyun Baek, Hyun-Kyoung Lee, Kyung-Hyun Lee, Ha-Young Kim, Jung-Won Park, Bo-Ram Lee, Ji-Woong Her, Myoung-Heon Lee, You-Chan Bae
    Korean Journal of Veterinary Research.2014; 54(4): 257.     CrossRef
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    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2013; 4(2): 89.     CrossRef
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    Sun Huh
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2013; 56(6): 513.     CrossRef
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    The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases.2013; 17(1): 32.     CrossRef
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    Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2013; 39(1): 32.     CrossRef
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  • 10,101 View
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Brief Communication

Distribution Frequency of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Cutaneus Leishmaniasis Lesions
Hengameh Ziaei, Giti Sadeghian, SH Hejazi
Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(3):191-193.
Published online September 20, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.3.191

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic disease characterized by single or multiple ulcerations. Secondary bacterial infections are one of the complications that can increase the tissue destruction and the resulting scar. To better determine the incidence of real secondary bacterial infections in CL, we designed the current study. This was a cross-sectional study performed in Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Centre, Isfahan, Iran. A total of 1,255 patients with confirmed CL enrolled in the study. Sterile swaps were achieved for ulcer exudates and scraping was used for non-ulcerated lesions. All samples were transferred to tryptic soy broth medium. After 24 hr of incubation at 37℃ they were transferred to eosin methylene blue agar (EMB) and blood agar. Laboratory tests were used to determine the species of bacteria. Among 1,255 confirmed CL patients, 274 (21.8%) had positive cultures for secondary bacterial infections. The bacteria isolated from the lesions were Staphylococcus aureus in 190 cases (69.3%), coagulase negative Staphylococcus in 63 cases (23.0%), E. coli in 10 cases (3.6%), Proteus sp. in 6 cases (2.2%), and Klebsiella sp. in 5 cases (1.9%). The results show that the overall incidence of secondary bacterial infections in the lesions of CL was 21.8%, considerably high. The incidence of secondary bacterial infections was significantly higher in ulcerated lesions compared with non-ulcerated lesions.

Citations

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  • Bacterial isolates and drug susceptibility patterns in infected lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis patients at ALERT hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    Gizealew Ayalew, Asegedech Asmamaw, Mistire Wolde, Regasa Diriba, Biruk Zerfu
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Naseh Maleki-Ravasan, Seyedeh Maryam Ghafari, Narmin Najafzadeh, Fateh Karimian, Fatemeh Darzi, Roshanak Davoudian, Reza Farshbaf Pourabad, Parviz Parvizi, Susan Madison-Antenucci
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    M.G. García-Patiño, M.C. Marcial-Medina, B.E. Ruiz-Medina, P. Licona-Limón
    Clinical Immunology.2024; 267: 110352.     CrossRef
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    Andrea Lafleur, Stephane Daffis, Charles Mowbray, Byron Arana
    Vaccines.2024; 12(10): 1179.     CrossRef
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    Nasreddine Saidi, Romain Blaizot, Ghislaine Prévot, Karim Aoun, Magalie Demar, Pierre André Cazenave, Aida Bouratbine, Sylviane Pied
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    Pedro H Gallo-Francisco, Marcelo Brocchi, Selma Giorgio
    Future Microbiology.2022; 17(3): 199.     CrossRef
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    Greta Volpedo, Thalia Pacheco-Fernandez, Erin A. Holcomb, Natalie Cipriano, Blake Cox, Abhay R. Satoskar
    Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Maryam Aghaei, Hossein KhanAhmad, Shahrzad Aghaei, Mohammad Ali Nilforoushzadeh, Mohammad-Ali Mohaghegh, Seyed Hossein Hejazi
    Microbial Pathogenesis.2020; 139: 103892.     CrossRef
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    Tiffany Y. Borbón, Breanna M. Scorza, Gwendolyn M. Clay, Fellipe Lima Nobre de Queiroz, Alan J. Sariol, Jayden L. Bowen, Yani Chen, Bayan Zhanbolat, Corey P. Parlet, Diogo G. Valadares, Suzanne L. Cassel, William M. Nauseef, Alexander R. Horswill, Fayyaz
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  • Curcumin-loaded self-emulsifying drug delivery system (cu-SEDDS): a promising approach for the control of primary pathogen and secondary bacterial infections in cutaneous leishmaniasis
    Momin Khan, Muhammad Ali, Walayat Shah, Akram Shah, Muhammad Masoom Yasinzai
    Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.2019; 103(18): 7481.     CrossRef
  • Site specific microbiome of Leishmania parasite and its cross-talk with immune milieu
    Pragya Misra, Shailza Singh
    Immunology Letters.2019; 216: 79.     CrossRef
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    Breanna Scorza, Edgar Carvalho, Mary Wilson
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2017; 18(6): 1296.     CrossRef
  • In Vitro and In Vivo Control of Secondary Bacterial Infection Caused by Leishmania major
    Hany Yehia, Ebtesam Al-Olayan, Manal El-Khadragy, Dina Metwally
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2017; 14(7): 777.     CrossRef
  • The microbiological signature of human cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions exhibits restricted bacterial diversity compared to healthy skin
    Vanessa R Salgado, Artur TL de Queiroz, Sabri S Sanabani, Camila I de Oliveira, Edgar M Carvalho, Jackson ML Costa, Manoel Barral-Netto, Aldina Barral
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    Pouran Layegh, Kiarash Ghazvini, Toktam Moghiman, Fatemeh Hadian, Naghmeh Zabolinejad, Fakhrozaman Pezeshkpour
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  • Leishmaniose cutanée au retour de Guyane: à propos de deux cas
    Marie-Pierre Otto, Jean-Louis Estival, Bruno Soullié, Barbara Foucher, Valérie Cheminel, Patrick Gérôme
    Revue Francophone des Laboratoires.2012; 2012(442): 63.     CrossRef
  • A Species-Specific Approach to the Use of Non-Antimony Treatments for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
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    The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2011; 84(1): 109.     CrossRef
  • 8,470 View
  • 139 Download
  • Crossref
Original Article
Molecular characterization of bacterial endosymbionts of Acanthamoeba isolates from infected corneas of Korean patients
Ying-Hua Xuan, Hak Sun Yu, Hae Jin Jeong, Sung-Yong Seol, Dong-Il Chung, Hyun-Hee Kong
Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(1):1-9.
Published online March 20, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.1.1

The endosymbionts of 4 strains of Acanthamoeba (KA/E9, KA/E21, KA/E22, and KA/E23) isolated from the infected corneas of Korean patients were characterized via orcein stain, transmission electron microscopic examination, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Double membrane-bound, rod-shaped endosymbionts were distributed randomly throughout both the trophozoites and cysts of each of Acanthamoeba isolates. The endosymbionts of KA/E9, KA/E22, and KA/E23 were surrounded by electron-translucent areas. No lacunae-like structures were observed in the endosymbionts of KA/E21, the bacterial cell walls of which were studded with host ribosomes. Comparative analyses of the 16S rDNA sequences showed that the endosymbionts of KA/E9, KA/E22 and KA/E23 were closely related to Caedibacter caryophilus, whereas the KA/E21 endosymbiont was assigned to the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides (CFB) phylum. In the 4 strains of Acanthamoeba, the hosts of the endosymbionts were identified as belonging to the Acanthamoeba castellanii complex, which corresponds to the T4 genotype. Acanthamoeba KA/E21 evidenced characteristics almost identical to those of KA/E6, with the exception of the existence of endosymbionts. The discovery of these endosymbionts from Acanthamoeba may prove essential to future studies focusing on interactions between the endosymbionts and the amoebic hosts.

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