Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"cutaneous leishmaniasis"

Original Articles

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Situation and Predicting the Distribution of Phlebotomus papatasi and P. sergenti as Vectors of Leishmaniasis in Ardabil Province, Iran: Ali Khamesipour, Soheila Molaei, Navid Babaei-Pouya, Eslam Moradi-Asl; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(3):229-236.
Published online June 26, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.3.229

Abstract
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Cutaneous leishmaniosis (CL) is the most common form of leishmaniasis.CL caused by L. major and L. tropica is endemic in 17 provinces of Iran. This study was carried out to elucidate situation of CL in Ardabil province and to predict distribution of Phlebotomus papatasi and Phlebotomus sergenti (Diptera: Psychodidae) as vectors of CL in the region. In this cross-sectional study, data on CL patients were collected from local health centers of Ardabil province, Iran during 2006-2018 to establish a geodatabase using ArcGIS10.3. A total of 20 CL cases were selected randomly and skin samples were collected and analyzed by PCR method. MaxEnt 3.3.3 model was used to determine ecologically suitable niches for the main vectors. A total, 309 CL human cases were reported and the highest incidence rate of disease was occurred in Bilasavar (37/100,000) and Germi (35/100,000). A total of 2,794 sand flies were collected during May to October 2018. The environmentally suitable habitats for P. papatasi and P. sergenti were predicted to be present in northern and central areas of Ardabil province. The most variable that contributed ratio in the modeling were Isothermality and slope factors. Ardabil province is possibly an endemic are for CL. The presence of P. papatasi and P. sergenti justifies local transmission while the vectors of CL are existing in the northern and central areas of the province.

Citations

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Association Between Wolbachia Infection and Susceptibility to Deltamethrin Insecticide in Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae), the Main Vector of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Amrollah Azarm, Mona Koosha, Abdolhossein Dalimi, Alireza Zahraie-Ramazani, Amir Ahmad Akhavan, Zahra Saeidi, Mehdi Mohebali, Kamal Azam, Hassan Vatandoost, Mohammad Ali Oshaghi
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2024; 24(3): 159. CrossRef
In silico prediction of CD8+ and CD4+ T cell epitopes in Leishmania major proteome: Using immunoinformatics
Mohammad Kashif, Mohd Waseem, Naidu Subbarao
Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling.2024; 129: 108759. CrossRef
Cutaneous leishmaniasis situation analysis in the Islamic Republic of Iran in preparation for an elimination plan
Iraj Sharifi, Ahmad Khosravi, Mohammad Reza Aflatoonian, Ehsan Salarkia, Mehdi Bamorovat, Ali Karamoozian, Mahmoud Nekoei Moghadam, Fatemeh Sharifi, Abbas Aghaei Afshar, Setareh Agha Kuchak Afshari, Faranak Gharachorloo, Mohammad Reza Shirzadi, Behzad Ami
Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Integration of machine learning algorithms and GIS-based approaches to cutaneous leishmaniasis prevalence risk mapping
Negar Shabanpour, Seyed Vahid Razavi-Termeh, Abolghasem Sadeghi-Niaraki, Soo-Mi Choi, Tamer Abuhmed
International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation.2022; 112: 102854. CrossRef
A systematic review and global analysis of the seasonal activity of Phlebotomus (Paraphlebotomus) sergenti, the primary vectors of L. tropica
Ahmed Karmaoui, Denis Sereno, Samir El Jaafari, Lhoussain Hajji, Shan Lv
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2022; 16(12): e0010886. CrossRef
Spatio-temporal analysis and determination of the ecological niche model of Giardia Lamblia (Lambl, 1859) in Ardabil province, northwestern Iran
Hafez Mirzanejad-Asl, Afshin Karimi, Navid Babaei pouya, Eslam Moradi-Asl
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2021; 45(3): 706. CrossRef
Adjuvant effects of TLR agonist gardiquimod admixed with Leishmania vaccine in mice model of visceral leishmaniasis
Deepak Kumar Goyal, Poonam Keshav, Sukhbir Kaur
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2021; 93: 104947. CrossRef

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Diagnosis, Treatment and Clinical Features of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Saudi Arabia: Yousry A. Hawash, Khadiga A. Ismail, Maha M. Abdel-Wahab, Mahmoud Khalifa; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(3):229-236.
Published online June 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.3.229

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Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) has been one of the most common parasitic diseases in Saudi Arabia. This study exhibits the clinical features, diagnosis, cytokine profile and treatment of CL patients in Al-Taif province. Ninety CL suspects at a tertiary care general hospital were enrolled in one-year study. Patients were interviewed, clinically-examined, and subjected to laboratory tests: skin scraping smear microscopy, OligoC-TesT commercial PCR (Coris BioConcept) and kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) PCR for Leishmania diagnosis. Interferon-gamma (RayBio; Human IFN-γ) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in patients’ sera were evaluated before treatment with sodium stibogluconate (pentostam) with 20-day intramuscular drug regimen. Positive rates of microscopy, commercial PCR and kDNA PCR were 74.4%, 95.5% and 100%, respectively. Patients came to hospital mostly in winter (45.0%). CL was frequently exhibited in Saudi patients (78.8%), male gender (70.7%), age <20 years (50.0%), rural-dwellers (75.5%) and patients with travel history (86.6%). Lesion was mostly single ulcer (93.3%), occurred in the face (67.7%). Upon pentostam treatment, 85.1% of ulcers showed rapid healing signs. Levels of IFN-γ and NO were significantly higher in the healing than the non-healing cases (P<0.001). The kDNA PCR proved more sensitive than microscopy and OligoC-TesT commercial PCR. Our results open perspectives for IFN-γ use as a biomarker predicting treatment response.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) in Saudi Arabia: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Najm Z. Alshahrani, Abdullah M. Alarifi, Abdullah M. Assiri
Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Tracking of Leishmania spp. in Iranian phlebotominae, distribution and biodiversity in Jarqavieh county, central Iran
Mehdi Haddadnia, Mahsa Esmaeilifallah, Parisima Badiezadeh, Seyed Mohammad Abtahi
International Journal of Environmental Health Research.2025; 35(12): 3761. CrossRef
Epidemiology and clinical features of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
W. Iqbal, U. Iram, S. Nisar, N. Musa, A. Alam, M. R. Khan, B. Ullah, M. Ullah, I. Ali
Brazilian Journal of Biology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of the biodiversity and distribution of sand flies and tracking of Leishmania major in them in central Iran
Parisima Badiezadeh, Mahsa Esmaeilifallah, Mehdi Haddadniaa, Seyed Mohammad Abtahi
International Journal of Environmental Health Research.2024; 34(9): 3245. CrossRef
Epidemiology and clinical features of parasitic disease Leishmaniasis. A case study from Pakistan
Muhaibullah khan, Sheraz Ahmad, Hamayun saeed, M. Junaid Akhtar, Amna Munir
Medical Reports.2024; 6: 100090. CrossRef
Epidemiological Mapping of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Saudi Arabia: An Observational Descriptive Study
Basmah Alharbi, Mawahib Ahmed
Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health.2024; 14(3): 1281. CrossRef
Dermoscopic features in relation to the type of clinical lesions in cutaneous leishmaniasis
Qasim S. Al Chalabi, Hala N. Al Salman, Anfal L. Al harbawi
Journal of the Egyptian Women's Dermatologic Society.2024; 21(3): 240. CrossRef
Leishmaniasis: Recent epidemiological studies in the Middle East
Chinyere A. Knight, David R. Harris, Shifaa O. Alshammari, Ayele Gugssa, Todd Young, Clarence M. Lee
Frontiers in Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Associated Risk Factors and Prevention in Hubuna, Najran, Saudi Arabia
Mohammed Jamaan Alzahrani, Nahid Elfaki, Yahya Hussein Ahmed Abdalla, Mugahed Ali Alkhadher, Maha Hamed Mohamed Ali, Waled AM Ahmed
International Journal of General Medicine.2023; Volume 16: 723. CrossRef
A disfiguring neglected tropical disease sweeps war-torn Yemen: a community-based study of prevalence and risk factors of cutaneous leishmaniasis among rural communities in the western highlands
Manal A Al-Ashwal, Wahib M Atroosh, Abdulelah H Al-Adhroey, Assia A Al-Subbary, Lau Yee-Ling, Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2023; 117(12): 823. CrossRef
Distribution, clinical features, and epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis: A case study of District Haripur, KPK, Pakistan
Muhaibullah Khan, Shehzad Ghayyur, Samina yasmin
Medical Reports.2023; 2: 100025. CrossRef
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Prevalence and Clinical Overview: A Single Center Study from Saudi Arabia, Eastern Region, Al-Ahsa
Mahdi Al-Dhafiri, Abdulmohsen Alhajri, Zahraa Ali Alwayel, Jasmine Ahmed Alturaiki, Shaima Ali Bu Izran, Fatimah Ahmed Alhammad, Ryhana Mohammed Aljumaiah
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2023; 8(12): 507. CrossRef
Distribution and epidemiological features of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Asir province, Saudi Arabia, from 2011 to 2020
Yasser Alraey
Journal of Infection and Public Health.2022; 15(7): 757. CrossRef
Molecular characterization of Leishmania species from stray dogs and human patients in Saudi Arabia
Abdullah D. Alanazi, Abdulazi S. Alouffi, Mohamed S. Alyousif, Abdulsadah A. Rahi, Magda A. Ali, Hend H. A. M. Abdullah, Fabio A. Brayner, Jairo Alfonso Mendoza-Roldan, Marcos Antonio Bezerra-Santos, Domenico Otranto
Parasitology Research.2021; 120(12): 4241. CrossRef
Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Value of CT Three-Dimensional Imaging of Gynecological Pelvic Blood Vessels
Li Qiao, Changxiao Li, Qinde Yu, Li Ma
Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics.2021; 11(6): 1743. CrossRef
Prevalence of Leishmania species among patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in Qassim province of Saudi Arabia
Zafar Rasheed, Ahmed A. Ahmed, Tarek Salem, Mohammed S. Al-Dhubaibi, Ahmad A. Al Robaee, Abdullateef A. Alzolibani
BMC Public Health.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

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15 Web of Science
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Epidemiological Aspects of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis during 2009-2016 in Kashan City, Central Iran: Doroodgar Moein, Doroodgar Masoud, Mahboobi Saeed, Doroodgar Abbas; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(1):21-24.
Published online February 28, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.1.21

Abstract
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Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) can be seen in 2 forms, zoonotic and anthroponotic, in Iran. In this study, epidemiological aspects of CL were studied during an 8-year period (2009-2016) in city of Kashan, central Iran. The demographic and epidemiological data, including age, sex, occupation, number and site of the lesions, treatment regimen, past history of CL, and season of all patients were gathered from the health centers. Descriptive statistics were used to describe features of the study data. Total 2,676 people with CL were identified. The highest annual incidence was estimated to be 182 per 100,000 population in 2009 and the least was in 2016 (47 per 100,000 population). The highest frequency affected age groups were observed in 20-29 year-old patients (20.9%). More than 51% of the patients were under 30 years old. The maximum frequency of the disease, 1,134 (43.3%), was seen in autumn. The most common location of lesions was hands (61.4%). Most of the patients (81.6%) were treated by systemic glucantime regimen. In the city of Kashan, the incidence rate of the CL disease is significantly higher than many other regions of Iran. To reduce the risk of disease, control of reservoir hosts and vectors of disease, and education of individual protection are strongly recommended.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Molecular diagnosis and epidemiological aspects of cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Aleppo: Current status
Lana Kourieh, Mohammad Y. Abajy, Mahasen Alkebajy, Silva Ishkhanian, Ream Nayal
Parasite Epidemiology and Control.2025; 28: e00412. CrossRef
Residential environment, human behavior and socio-economic status in transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis in central Iran
Asieh Heidari, Nadia Mohammadi Dashtaki, Sima Mizbani, Mehri Rejali, Mohammad Reza Maracy
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Tracking of Leishmania spp. in Iranian phlebotominae, distribution and biodiversity in Jarqavieh county, central Iran
Mehdi Haddadnia, Mahsa Esmaeilifallah, Parisima Badiezadeh, Seyed Mohammad Abtahi
International Journal of Environmental Health Research.2025; : 1. CrossRef
Investigating the Effects of Demographic Factors on the Prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in a Focus Area of Northeastern Iran
Fateme Rajabi Gharaii, Mitra Boroomand, Amin Mohammadpour, Mohadeseh Motamed-Jahromi, Aboozar Soltani, Sumi Mukhopadhyay
Journal of Tropical Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of the biodiversity and distribution of sand flies and tracking of Leishmania major in them in central Iran
Parisima Badiezadeh, Mahsa Esmaeilifallah, Mehdi Haddadniaa, Seyed Mohammad Abtahi
International Journal of Environmental Health Research.2024; 34(9): 3245. CrossRef
A Retrospective Analysis of Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Epidemiology During 2016 - 2021 in Hoveyzeh County, Khuzestan Province, Iran
Mehdi Kian, Naser Hatamzadeh, Hamid Kassiri, Abas Naboureh, Zahra Makiani, Somayeh Mirzavand
Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Educational WhatsApp-delivered intervention based on social cognitive theory to promote leishmaniosis preventive behavior of health ambassadors: a randomized controlled trial
Monireh Abdollahi, Mahmoud Fakhar, Mohammad Tajfard, Jamshid Jamali, Mehrsadat Mahdizadeh
BMC Infectious Diseases.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Antileishmanial Activity of Tamoxifen by Targeting Sphingolipid Metabolism: A Review
Kaleab Alemayehu Zewdie, Haftom Gebregergs Hailu, Muluken Altaye Ayza, Bekalu Amare Tesfaye
Clinical Pharmacology: Advances and Applications.2022; Volume 14: 11. CrossRef
Highly sensitive nested polymerase chain reaction to improve the detection of Leishmania species in clinical specimens
Hassan Mohammad Tawfeeq, Shahnaz AbdulKader Ali
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2022; 46(3): 754. CrossRef
Gender and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Israel
Michal Solomon, Inbal Fuchs, Yael Glazer, Eli Schwartz
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2022; 7(8): 179. CrossRef
Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran: A review of epidemiological aspects, with emphasis on molecular findings
Zahra Nasiri, Mohsen Kalantari, Jalal Mohammadi, Salman Daliri, Davood Mehrabani, Kourosh Azizi
Parasite.2022; 29: 47. CrossRef
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Based on Climate Regions in Iran (1998-2021)
Mehri Rejali, Nadia Mohammadi Dashtaki, Afshin Ebrahimi, Asieh Heidari, Mohammad Reza Maracy
Advanced Biomedical Research.2022; 11(1): 120. CrossRef
Spatiotemporal Variability of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Based on Sociodemographic Heterogeneity. The Case of Northeastern Iran, 2011–2016
Mohammad Tabasi, Ali Asghar Alesheikh
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases.2021; 74(1): 7. CrossRef
Recombinant C-Reactive Protein: A Potential Candidate for the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis of BALB/c Mice Caused by Leishmania major
Seyedeh Noushin Zahedi, Seyed Hossein Hejazi, Maryam Boshtam, Farahnaz Amini, Hossein Fazeli, Mahdieh Sarmadi, Mahsa Rahimi, Hossein Khanahmad
Acta Parasitologica.2021; 66(1): 53. CrossRef
Molecular identification of cutaneous leishmaniasis species using kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) gene in southeast of Iran
Gholamreza Motalleb, Hamid MalekRaeesi, Hadi Mirahmadi, Amir Tavakoli Kareshk, Rahmat Solgi
Gene Reports.2021; 22: 101005. CrossRef
Reemergence of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic focus, northeastern Iran
Hasan Jalali, Ahmad Ali Enayati, Mahdi Fakhar, Farzad Motevalli-Haghi, Jamshid Yazdani Charati, Omid Dehghan, Nasibeh Hosseini-Vasoukolaei
Parasite Epidemiology and Control.2021; 13: e00206. CrossRef
A Ten-Year Trend of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis at University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: 2009-2018
Ayalew Jejaw Zeleke, Adane Derso, Arega Yeshanew, Rezika Mohammed, Helina Fikre, Bernard Marchand
Journal of Parasitology Research.2021; 2021: 1. CrossRef
Vector-borne diseases and tourism in Iran: Current issues and recommendations
Parisa Soltan-Alinejad, Aboozar Soltani
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease.2021; 43: 102108. CrossRef
Androgen-dependent immune modulation in parasitic infection
Julie Sellau, Marie Groneberg, Hannelore Lotter
Seminars in Immunopathology.2019; 41(2): 213. CrossRef
Sex-Related Differences in Immune Response and Symptomatic Manifestations to Infection with Leishmania Species
Ryan D. Lockard, Mary E. Wilson, Nilda E. Rodríguez
Journal of Immunology Research.2019; 2019: 1. CrossRef
Spatial epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia: socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with a growing epidemic
Andrés M Hernández, Juan D Gutierrez, Yanyu Xiao, Adam J Branscum, Diego F Cuadros
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2019; 113(9): 560. CrossRef
Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Qasr-e Shirin, a border area in the west of Iran
Yazdan Hamzavi, Naser Nazari, Nahid Khademi, Keivan Hassani, Arezoo Bozorgomid
Veterinary World.2018; : 1692. CrossRef

9,333 View
157 Download
22 Web of Science
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Clinico-Epidemiological Patterns of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Patients Attending the Anuradhapura Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka: Lahiru Sandaruwan Galgamuwa, Buthsiri Sumanasena, Lalani Yatawara, Susiji Wickramasinghe, Devika Iddawela; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(1):1-7.
Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.1.1

Abstract
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Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania donovani is an endemic vector-borne disease in Sri Lanka. Over 2,500 cases have been reported since 2000 and the number of CL cases has dramatically increased annually. Total 57 clinically suspected CL patients attending the dermatology clinic in Anuradhapura Teaching Hospital were recruited from January to June 2015. Slit skin smears and skin biopsies were taken from each of the subjects. Clinical and epidemiological data were obtained using interviewer administered questionnaire. Forty-three (75.4%) patients among 57 were confirmed positive for L. donovani. The majority of infected patients was males (P=0.005), and the most affected age group was 21-40 years. Soldiers in security forces, farmers, and housewives were identified as high risk groups. The presence of scrub jungles around the residence or places of occupation (P=0.003), the presence of sandflies (P=0.021), and working outsides more than 6 hr per day (P=0.001) were significantly associated with CL. The number of lesions ranged from 1-3, and the majority (76%) of the patients had a single lesion. Upper and lower extremities were the prominent places of lesions, while the wet type of lesions were more prevalent in females (P=0.022). A nodular-ulcerative type lesion was common in both sexes. The presence of sandflies, scrub jungles, and outdoor activities contributed to spread of Leishmania parasites in an endemic pattern. Implementation of vector control programs together with health education with regard to transmission and prevention of CL are necessary to control the spread of this infection.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Evaluation of IgG anti-L. tropica antibody response as a biomarker for cutaneous leishmaniasis using ELISA in endemic regions of Pakistan
Bashair Sheikh Pervez, Arshad Islam, Azhar Minhas, Yusuf Ozbel, Seray Toz, Shahid Waseem, Obaid Hayat, Shumaila Naz
Journal of Microbiological Methods.2026; 240: 107340. CrossRef
Immunohistochemical Characterisation of Innate Immune Cellular Responses in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania donovani
Hasna Riyal, Nilakshi Samaranayake, Priyani Amarathunga, Deepani Munidasa, Nadira Karunaweera
Tropical Medicine & International Health.2025; 30(12): 1331. CrossRef
Epidemiological survey, molecular profiling and phylogenetic analysis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Wasia Ullah, Adil Khan, Sadaf Niaz, Maged A Al-Garadi, Nasreen Nasreen, Ayman A Swelum, Mourad Ben Said
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2024; 118(4): 273. CrossRef
The psychosocial burden of cutaneous leishmaniasis in rural Sri Lanka: A multi-method qualitative study
Hasara Nuwangi, Lisa Dikomitis, Kosala Gayan Weerakoon, Suneth Buddhika Agampodi, Thilini Chanchala Agampodi, Alberto Novaes Ramos
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2024; 18(1): e0011909. CrossRef
Impact of climate and land use on the temporal variability of sand fly density in Sri Lanka: A 2-year longitudinal study
Sanath C. Senanayake, Prasad Liyanage, Dulani R. K. Pathirage, M. F. Raushan Siraj, B. G. D. Nissanka Kolitha De Silva, Nadira D. Karunaweera, Fabiano Oliveira
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2024; 18(11): e0012675. CrossRef
The epidemiological trend of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kegalle district, Sri Lanka: A newly established disease focus and assessment of bioclimatic suitability for disease establishment using ecological niche modelling
Tharaka Wijerathna, Krishan Wickramasinghe, Nayana Gunathilaka, Asela Perera, Sujeewa Bandara
Acta Tropica.2023; 237: 106719. CrossRef
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Prevalence and Clinical Overview: A Single Center Study from Saudi Arabia, Eastern Region, Al-Ahsa
Mahdi Al-Dhafiri, Abdulmohsen Alhajri, Zahraa Ali Alwayel, Jasmine Ahmed Alturaiki, Shaima Ali Bu Izran, Fatimah Ahmed Alhammad, Ryhana Mohammed Aljumaiah
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2023; 8(12): 507. CrossRef
The Quest for Understanding Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Northern Province, Sri Lanka: An Analysis of Clinical Data From the District General Hospital, Vavuniya
Rajadurai Arulenthiran, Arumugam Murugananthan, Kanchana P. Amarasinghe, Umashankar Mathivathani
Infectious Microbes and Diseases.2023; 5(4): 186. CrossRef
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of cutaneous leishmaniasis among patients attending at Tefera Hailu Memorial Hospital, Sekota, Northeast Ethiopia: A five-year trend analysis (2016–2020)
Habtu Debash, Hussen Ebrahim, Habtye Bisetegn
SAGE Open Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Epidemiological and pathological characteristics of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis from Baluchistan Province of Pakistan
Aisha Khan, Rawan Sajid, Shaista Gul, Ashiq Hussain, Mohammad Tahir Zehri, Shumaila Naz, Sami Simsek, Shahid Waseem, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Syed Kamran Ul Hassan Naqvi, Muhammad Qasim, Haroon Ahmed
Parasitology.2021; 148(5): 591. CrossRef
Emergence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Nepal
Kishor Pandey, Anup Bastola, Gong Haiyan, Uttam Raj Pyakurel, Basu Dev Pandey, Shyam Prakash Dumre
Tropical Medicine and Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Treatment failure to sodium stibogluconate in cutaneous leishmaniasis: A challenge to infection control and disease elimination
Hermali Silva, Achala Liyanage, Theja Deerasinghe, Vasana Chandrasekara, Kalaivani Chellappan, Nadira D. Karunaweera, Bhaskar Saha
PLOS ONE.2021; 16(10): e0259009. CrossRef
A Comprehensive Review of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka and Identification of Existing Knowledge Gaps
Anjalie Amarasinghe, Susiji Wickramasinghe
Acta Parasitologica.2020; 65(2): 300. CrossRef
Molecular epidemiological survey of cutaneous leishmaniasis from Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.
Nargis Shaheen, Naveeda Akhter Qureshi, Muhammad Zahid Qureshi, Huma Fatima, Muhammad Afzal, Saleh S Alhewairini
Acta Tropica.2020; 206: 105434. CrossRef
Socioeconomic, demographic and landscape factors associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kurunegala District, Sri Lanka
Tharaka Wijerathna, Nayana Gunathilaka, Kithsiri Gunawardena, Wasana Rodrigo
Parasites & Vectors.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis infection and clinico-epidemiological patterns among military personnel in Mullaitivu and Kilinochchi districts of the Northern Province, early war-torn areas in Sri Lanka
Nayana Gunathilaka, Saveen Semege, Nishantha Pathirana, Nuwani Manamperi, Lahiru Udayanga, Harshima Wijesinghe, Prasad Premaratne, Deepika Fernando
Parasites & Vectors.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical, parasitological and molecular profiles of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and its associated factors among clinically suspected patients attending Borumeda Hospital, North-East Ethiopia
Habtye Bisetegn, Ayalew Jejaw Zeleke, Endalamaw Gadisa, Girma Shumie, Demekech Damte, Tiruework Fenta, Sinkinesh Behaksra, Abebe Genetu Bayih, Fabiano Oliveira
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2020; 14(8): e0008507. CrossRef
Diagnosing Cutaneous leishmaniasis using Fluorescencein SituHybridization: the Sri Lankan Perspective
Thilini Dilhara Jayasena Kaluarachchi, Manjula Manoji Weerasekera, Andrew J. McBain, Shalindra Ranasinghe, Renu Wickremasinghe, Surangi Yasawardene, Nisal Jayanetti, Rajitha Wickremasinghe
Pathogens and Global Health.2019; 113(4): 180. CrossRef
Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Bikaner, India: Clinicoepidemiological profile; parasite identification using conventional, molecular methods and CL Detect™ rapid test, a new Food and Drug Administration-approved test
Ekadashi Rajni, BC Ghiya, Sarman Singh, Prem Shankar, Taruna Swami, DeepikaSingh Jadon, SR Negi, Manisha Malik, PK Khatri
Tropical Parasitology.2019; 9(2): 115. CrossRef
Leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka: spatial distribution and seasonal variations from 2009 to 2016
Lahiru Sandaruwan Galgamuwa, Samath D. Dharmaratne, Devika Iddawela
Parasites & Vectors.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Evidence for Seroprevalence in Human Localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused byLeishmania donovaniin Sri Lanka
Yamuna Deepani Siriwardana, Bhagya Deepachandi, Samantha Ranasinghe, Preethi Soysa, Nadira Karunaweera
BioMed Research International.2018; 2018: 1. CrossRef
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka
Devika Iddawela, Sanura Malinda Pallegoda Vithana, Dhilma Atapattu, Lanka Wijekoon
BMC Infectious Diseases.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of the Interventional Approaches in the Management of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Jazan: An Observational Study
Hafiz A. Makeen, Mohammed A. Buraik, Santhosh Joseph Menachery, Khalid M. Alattas, Abdulkarim M. Meraya
Annals of Dermatology.2018; 30(5): 575. CrossRef
Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Qasr-e Shirin, a border area in the west of Iran
Yazdan Hamzavi, Naser Nazari, Nahid Khademi, Keivan Hassani, Arezoo Bozorgomid
Veterinary World.2018; : 1692. CrossRef

11,341 View
231 Download
24 Web of Science
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Case Report

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis of the Eyelids: A Case Series with Molecular Identification and Literature Review: Iraj Mohammadpour, Mohammad Hossein Motazedian, Farhad Handjani, Gholam Reza Hatam; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(6):787-792.
Published online December 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.6.787

Abstract
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Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a protozoan disease which is endemic in Iran. It is transmitted by the Phlebotomus sand fly. The eyelid is rarely involved possibly because the movement of the lids impedes the sand fly from biting the skin in this region. Here, we report 6 rare cases of eyelid CL. The patients were diagnosed by skin scraping, culture, and PCR from the lesions. Skin scraping examination showed Leishmania spp. amastigotes in the cytoplasm of macrophages. Culture examination was positive for Leishmania spp. PCR was positive for Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica. The lesions were disguised as basal cell carcinoma, chalazion, hordeolum, and impetigo. The patients were treated with intramuscular meglumine antimoniate (20 mg/kg/day) for at least 3 weeks. They showed a dramatic response, and the lesions almost completely disappeared. We emphasized the importance of clinical and diagnostic features of lesions, characterized the phylogenetic relationship of isolated parasites, and reviewed the literature on ocular leishmaniasis.

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Original Articles

Antileishmanial and Cytotoxic Effects of Essential Oil and Methanolic Extract of Myrtus communis L.: Hossein Mahmoudvand, Fatemeh Ezzatkhah, Fariba Sharififar, Iraj Sharifi, Ebrahim Saedi Dezaki; Korean J Parasitol 2015;53(1):21-27.
Published online February 27, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2015.53.1.21

Abstract
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Plants used for traditional medicine contain a wide range of substances that can be used to treat various diseases such as infectious diseases. The present study was designed to evaluate the antileishmanial effects of the essential oil and methanolic extract of Myrtus communis against Leishmania tropica on an in vitro model. Antileishmanial effects of essential oil and methanolic extract of M. communis on promastigote forms and their cytotoxic activities against J774 cells were evaluated using MTT assay for 72 hr. In addition, their leishmanicidal activity against amastigote forms was determined in a macrophage model, for 72 hr. Findings showed that the main components of essential oil were α-pinene (24.7%), 1,8-cineole (19.6%), and linalool (12.6%). Findings demonstrated that M. communis, particularly its essential oil, significantly (P<0.05) inhibited the growth rate of promastigote and amastigote forms of L. tropica based on a dose-dependent response. The IC50 values for essential oil and methanolic extract was 8.4 and 28.9 μg/ml against promastigotes, respectively. These values were 11.6 and 40.8 μg/ml against amastigote forms, respectively. Glucantime as control drug also revealed IC₅₀ values of 88.3 and 44.6 μg/ml for promastigotes and amastigotes of L. tropica, respectively. The in vitro assay demonstrated no significant cytotoxicity in J774 cells. However, essential oil indicated a more cytotoxic effect as compared with the methanolic extract of M. communis. The findings of the present study demonstrated that M. communis might be a natural source for production of a new leishmanicidal agent.

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An Epidemiological Study of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Al-Jabal Al-Gharbi, Libya: Manal Z. M. Abdellatif, Khamis El-Mabrouk, Ashraf A. Ewis; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(1):75-84.
Published online February 18, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.1.75

Abstract
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Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an endemic parasitic infection in the Mediterranean region, including Libya and its Al-jabal Al-gharbi province. We aimed at studying the occupational relevance as well as other epidemiological aspects of CL. We investigated 140 CL cases who attended at Gharyan outpatient polyclinic during a period of 6 months in 2009. CL infection was clinically diagnosed and confirmed by demonstration of Leishmania parasites on smears from lesions. Our findings showed that males were more affected than females (P=0.04), and people above 10-years were more affected than younger ones (P=0.0001). A significant percent of CL cases belonged to Al-Kawasem subprovince (P=0.0001). Farm-related activities were the most frequent occupations among CL cases (P=0.04). In addition to farm workers, housewives and students are at risk groups since they are engaged at farm activities. Moreover, those who have occupations that require staying outdoors for a part of night, e.g., policemen, are also at risk. Compared to children, adult CL patients had multiple lesions (P=0.001) that were more prevalent in their upper and lower extremities than the face (P=0.0001). We conclude that CL is a major health problem in Al-jabal Al-gharbi province of Libya. The presence of rodents and sandflies makes it a suitable environment for Leishmania to spread in an endemic epidemiological pattern. Being engaged in farming activities or outdoor occupations increases the risk of infection. Various clinical patterns of CL suggest the presence of more than 1 species of Leishmania at Al-jabal Al-gharbi province. We propose that the 2 species responsible for CL in this area are L. major and L. tropica. Further investigations to identify the leishmanial species responsible for CL at Al-jabal Al-gharbi together with adoption of preventive and control programs are needed.

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Enver Turan, Nurittin Ardic, Hacer Altun Sürücü, Mustafa Aksoy, Abhay R. Satoskar, Sanjay Varikuti, Nebiye Doni, Steve Oghumu, Abdullah Yesilova, Yavuz Yeşilova
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Brief Communication

Distribution Frequency of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Cutaneus Leishmaniasis Lesions: Hengameh Ziaei, Giti Sadeghian, SH Hejazi; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(3):191-193.
Published online September 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.3.191

Abstract
PDF

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic disease characterized by single or multiple ulcerations. Secondary bacterial infections are one of the complications that can increase the tissue destruction and the resulting scar. To better determine the incidence of real secondary bacterial infections in CL, we designed the current study. This was a cross-sectional study performed in Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Centre, Isfahan, Iran. A total of 1,255 patients with confirmed CL enrolled in the study. Sterile swaps were achieved for ulcer exudates and scraping was used for non-ulcerated lesions. All samples were transferred to tryptic soy broth medium. After 24 hr of incubation at 37℃ they were transferred to eosin methylene blue agar (EMB) and blood agar. Laboratory tests were used to determine the species of bacteria. Among 1,255 confirmed CL patients, 274 (21.8%) had positive cultures for secondary bacterial infections. The bacteria isolated from the lesions were Staphylococcus aureus in 190 cases (69.3%), coagulase negative Staphylococcus in 63 cases (23.0%), E. coli in 10 cases (3.6%), Proteus sp. in 6 cases (2.2%), and Klebsiella sp. in 5 cases (1.9%). The results show that the overall incidence of secondary bacterial infections in the lesions of CL was 21.8%, considerably high. The incidence of secondary bacterial infections was significantly higher in ulcerated lesions compared with non-ulcerated lesions.

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Case Report

Successful Treatment of Lupoid Cutaneous Leishmaniasis with Glucantime and Topical Trichloroacetic Acid (A Case Report): Mohamad Ali Nilforoushzadeh, Giti Sadeghian, Fariba Jaffary, Hengameh Ziaei, Liela Shirani-Bidabad, Parvin Mahzoni; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(3):175-177.
Published online September 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.3.175

Abstract
PDF

Lupoid leishmaniasis is a unique form of cutaneous leishmaniasis characterized by unusual clinical features and a chronic relapsing course, mostly caused by infection with Leishmania tropica. In this clinical form, 1-2 yr after healing of the acute lesion, new papules and nodules appear at the margin of the remaining scar. Herein, we describe a case of this clinical form that was resistant to 2 courses of treatments: systemic glucantime and then a combination therapy with allopurinol and systemic glucantime. However, marked improvement was seen after a combination therapy with topical trichloroacetic acid solution (50%) and systemic glucantime, and there were no signs of recurrence after 1 yr of follow-up.

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Original Articles

Protective effect of lectin from Synadenium carinatum on Leishmania amazonensis infection in BALB/c mice: Sandra R. Afonso-Cardoso, Fl?vio H. Rodrigues, M?rcio A.B. Gomes, Adriano G. Silva, Ademir Rocha, Aparecida H.B. Guimar?es, Ign?s Candeloro, S?lvio Favoreto, Marcelo S. Ferreira, Maria A. de Souza; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(4):255-266.
Published online December 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.4.255

Abstract
PDF

The protective effect of the Synadenium carinatum latex lectin (ScLL), and the possibility of using it as an adjuvant in murine model of vaccination against American cutaneous leishmaniasis, were evaluated. BALB/c mice were immunized with the lectin ScLL (10, 50, 100 ?g/animal) separately or in association with the soluble Leishmania amazonensis antigen (SLA). After a challenge infection with 10⁶ promastigotes, the injury progression was monitored weekly by measuring the footpad swelling for 10 weeks. ScLL appeared to be capable of conferring partial protection to the animals, being most evident when ScLL was used in concentrations of 50 and 100 ?g/animal. Also the parasite load in the interior of macrophages showed significant reduction (61.7%) when compared to the control group. With regard to the cellular response, ScLL 50 and 100 ?g/animal stimulated the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction significantly (P < 0.05) higher than SLA or SLA plus ScLL 10 weeks after the challenge infection. The detection of high levels of IgG2a and the expression of mRNA cytokines, such as IFN-γ, IL-12, and TNF-α (Th1 profiles), corroborated the protective role of this lectin against cutaneous leishmaniasis. This is the first report of the ScLL effect on leishmaniasis and shows a promising role for ScLL to be explored in other experimental models for treatment of leishmaniasis.

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Childhood cutaneous leishmaniasis: report of 117 cases from Iran: Safar Ali Talari, Rezvan Talaei, Gholamreza Shajari, Zarichehr Vakili, Abbas Taghaviardakani; Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(4):355-360.
Published online December 20, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.4.355

Abstract
PDF

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), due to Leishmania major, is endemic in different parts of Iran and has long been recognized in most provinces of Iran. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of childhood leishmaniasis in 3 areas at the southeast of Kashan. A descriptive study was carried out on all children referred to central laboratories during a 3-year period. Initial information including age, sex, sites of ulcer on the body, number of lesions, address, and the place of the disease was obtained. The study gathered 117 children, and the results showed a prevalence of 7.2% in patients with lesions among the population and 4.2% of people displayed lesion and scar. The ages of subjects were from 6 to 15 years (average 9.75 years). The boy: girl ratio was 1.2. All of our patients lived in an endemic area. The face was affected in 47.0% of cases. The encountered forms of leishmaniasis are as follows: papulonodular 27.4%, ulcer 60.7%, sporotrichoid 6%, impetiginous 2.5%, and erysipeloid 3.4%. Treatment with intramuscular meglumine antimoniate 20-30 mg/kg/day was done for 93 patients. Meglumine antimoniate treatment was tolerated with no side effects. All leishmaniasis lesions healed within an average period of 2-14 months. Hyperpigmented scars were formed in 25.6% of the patients, atrophic scars in 4.3%, and hypopigmented scars were in 3.4%, respectively. The findings of this study indicate increased prevalence of CL in the villages at the area of Kashan and Aran-Bidgol. The clinical finding patterns belonged to different endemic strains of L. major in Isfahan, which indicates the possible transmission of infection from Isfahan to this area.

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