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Case Report

A Case Report of Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant with Exudative Retinal Detachment for Ocular Toxocariasis Treatment
Youran Cai, Ye Yang, Xin Zhong
Korean J Parasitol 2022;60(2):133-137.
Published online April 20, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2022.60.2.133
Toxocariasis is one of the most common geohelminth infections in several parts of the world. We describe a rare case of ocular toxocariasis with secondary exudative retinal detachment treated with albendazole and an intravitreal dexamethasone implant. A 13-year-old boy with counting finger vision was diagnosed with retinal vasculitis and exudative retinal detachment in his right eye. Fundoscopic examination revealed retinal hemorrhage, retinal vasculitis, and exudative retinal detachment. Serological test using serum and intraocular aqueous humor were positive for anti-Toxocara specific IgG antibodies. He received repeated doses of intravitreal dexamethasone implants combined with oral albendazole. A sequential follow-up optical coherence tomography revealed that the retina was successfully reattached. His visual acuity subsequently improved to 20/400.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Human toxocariasis
    Susana Lopez-Alamillo, Pravallika Padyala, Megan Carey, Megan M. Duffey, Jill E. Weatherhead, Louisa A. Messenger, Bachir Medrouh, Marcelo U. Ferreira
    Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant (Ozurdex) for Ocular Toxocariasis
    Yongwei Zhou, Fangyuan Zhen, Jiahui Wu, Shasha Wang, Xiaoyan Lu, Ge Yang, Zhirou Hu, Fei Chen, Qiuming Li, Shuqian Dong, Akio Oishi
    Journal of Ophthalmology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The application of dexamethasone implants in uveitis treatment
    Tian Zhang, Zhutao Liu, Na Li
    Frontiers in Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Case report: Ultrasound biomicroscopy as a guide for the selection of injection sites for dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex) for peripheral granulomatous ocular toxocariasis in children
    Xin Zhang, Xinzhu Hou, Yan Zhang, Jingjie Liu, Zhiyong Zhang
    Frontiers in Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 4,728 View
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  • 4 Web of Science
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Original Articles
Dexamethasone Downregulates Expressions of 14-3-3β and γ-Isoforms in Mice with Eosinophilic Meningitis Caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection
Hung-Chin Tsai, Yu-Hsin Chen, Chuan-Min Yen, Li-Yu Chung, Shue-Ren Wann, Susan Shin-Jung Lee, Yao-Shen Chen
Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(3):249-256.
Published online June 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.3.249
Steroids are commonly used in patients with eosinophilic meningitis caused by A. cantonensis infections. The mechanism steroids act on eosinophilic meningitis remains unclear. In this mouse experiments, expressions of 14-3-3 isoform β and γ proteins significantly increased in the CSF 2-3 weeks after the infection, but not increasedin the dexamethasone-treated group. Expression of 14-3-3 β, γ, ε, and θ isoforms increased in brain meninges over the 3-week period after infection and decreased due to dexamethasone treatment. In conclusion, administration of dexamethasone in mice with eosinophilic meningitis decreased expressions of 14-3-3 isoform proteins in the CSF and in brain meninges.

Citations

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  • A Case Series of Eosinophilic Meningitis from Kerala
    Githin B George, Jose K Paul, Praveen Panicker, Dileep Ramachandran, B Srikumar, Thomas Iype
    Neurology India.2025; 73(4): 892.     CrossRef
  • Impact of Systemic versus Intratympanic Dexamethasone Administration on the Perilymph Proteome
    Betsy Szeto, Chris Valentini, Aykut Aksit, Emily G. Werth, Shahar Goeta, Lewis M. Brown, Elizabeth S. Olson, Jeffrey W. Kysar, Anil K. Lalwani
    Journal of Proteome Research.2021; 20(8): 4001.     CrossRef
  • Serum 14-3-3β protein: a new biomarker in asthmatic patients with acute exacerbation in an observational study
    Decai Wang, Lizong Rao, Yalan Cui, Guoting Tang, Haiming Huang, Ting Yuan, Biwen Mo
    Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 8,016 View
  • 108 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
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Cytokine and antibody responses of reactivated murine toxoplasmosis upon administration of dexamethasone
Ki-Man Kang, In-Uk Choi, Dae-Whan Shin, Young-Ha Lee
Korean J Parasitol 2006;44(3):209-219.
Published online September 20, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2006.44.3.209

Toxoplasma gondii has been shown to result in life-threatening encephalitis in immunocompromised patients after reactivation of dormant parasites. In order to obtain information on immune responses related to this phenomenon, BALB/c mice were infected with 25 cysts of the 76K strain of T. gondii, then, treated orally with dexamethasone (Toxo/Dexa-treated group) in order to reactivate the chronic toxoplasmosis. None of the T. gondii-infected mice died during the experimental periods, whereas the Toxo/Dexa-treated mice evidenced a significant attenuation of survival periods. Toxoplasma-specific IgG2a, IgA and IgM titers in sera were significantly depressed in the Toxo/Dexa-treated mice; however, the IgG1 sera titers were similar to those seen in the Toxoplasma-infected mice. The percentages of CD4+ and CD8α+ T cells in the Toxo/Dexa-treated mice were significantly reduced 2 weeks after dexamethasone treatment. IFN-γ and IL-10 production levels in the Toxo/Dexa-treated mice were depressed significantly, whereas IL-4 production was increased temporarily. The expression levels of the Toxoplasma-specific P30 and B1 genes were found to have been increased in the Toxo/Dexa-treated mice in comparison with the Toxoplasma-infected mice. Collectively, the findings of this study demonstrate that reactivation of murine toxoplasmosis as the result of dexamethasone treatment induced a depression in Th1 immune responses, whereas Th2 immune responses were not significantly influenced.

Citations

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  • Potential Therapeutic Effects of Isopropyltoluene (P-Cymene) Against Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Dexamethasone-Immunosuppressed Mice
    Zafer Saad Alshehri
    Acta Parasitologica.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Identification of novel biomarkers for anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM detection and the potential application in rapid diagnostic fluorescent tests
    Minh-Ngoc Nguyen, Seon-Ju Yeo, Hyun Park
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Development of experimental models of reactivated toxoplasmosis
    Neda Bauman, Jelena Srbljanović, Ivana Čolović-Čalovski
    Medicinski podmladak.2024; 75(6): 30.     CrossRef
  • Toxoplasma gondii clonal type III is the dominant genotype identified in Grenadian pigs
    Alfred Chikweto, Andy Alhassan, Chunlei Su, Calum Macpherson, Muhammad Iqbal Bhaiyat, Jitender P. Dubey
    Veterinary Medicine and Science.2022; 8(5): 2005.     CrossRef
  • Anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM Long Persistence: What Are the Underlying Mechanisms?
    José Antonio Vargas-Villavicencio, Irma Cañedo-Solares, Dolores Correa
    Microorganisms.2022; 10(8): 1659.     CrossRef
  • Immunological, histopathological, and ultrastructural evidence of steroid-induced reactivation of chronic murine toxoplasmosis
    Aida A. Abdel-Magied, Doaa S. Ghorab, Abeer A. Elhenawy, Nora I. Aboulfotouh
    Ultrastructural Pathology.2021; 45(1): 28.     CrossRef
  • Development of Neurological Mouse Model for Toxoplasmosis Using Toxoplasma gondii Isolated from Chicken in Kenya
    John Mokua Mose, David Muchina Kamau, John Maina Kagira, Naomi Maina, Maina Ngotho, Adele Njuguna, Simon Muturi Karanja
    Pathology Research International.2017; 2017: 1.     CrossRef
  • Strength and Aerobic Physical Exercises Are Able to Increase Survival of Toxoplasma gondii-Infected C57BL/6 Mice by Interfering in the IFN-γ Expression
    Miguel J. S. Bortolini, Murilo V. Silva, Fábio M. Alonso, Luciana A. Medeiros, Fernando R. Carvalho, Lourenço F. Costa, Neide M. Silva, Nilson Penha-Silva, Tiago W. P. Mineo, José R. Mineo
    Frontiers in Physiology.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Toxoplasma gondii meningoencephalitis without cerebral MRI findings in a patient with ulcerative colitis under immunosuppressive treatment
    S. F. Assimakopoulos, V. Stamouli, D. Dimitropoulou, A. Spiliopoulou, G. Panos, E. D. Anastassiou, M. Marangos, I. Spiliopoulou
    Infection.2015; 43(5): 589.     CrossRef
  • Toxoplasma gondii 70 kDa Heat Shock Protein: Systemic Detection Is Associated with the Death of the Parasites by the Immune Response and Its Increased Expression in the Brain Is Associated with Parasite Replication
    Paulo Victor Czarnewski Barenco, Elaine Vicente Lourenço, Jair Pereira Cunha-Júnior, Karine Cristine Almeida, Maria Cristina Roque-Barreira, Deise Aparecida Oliveira Silva, Ester Cristina Borges Araújo, Loyane Bertagnolli Coutinho, Mário Cézar Oliveira, T
    PLoS ONE.2014; 9(5): e96527.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the immunosuppressive effect of cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone in mice with visceral toxocariasis
    Luciana Farias da Costa de Avila, Juliana Santos Vieira da Fonseca, Gisele Ferreira Dutra, Paula de Lima Telmo, Ana Maria Wolkmer Azambuja Silva, Maria Elisabeth Aires Berne, Pedro Eduardo Almeida da Silva, Fabricio Rochedo Conceição, Carlos James Scaini
    Parasitology Research.2012; 110(1): 443.     CrossRef
  • Real-Time RT-PCR on SAG1 and BAG1 Gene Expression during Stage Conversion in Immunosuppressed Mice Infected with Toxoplasma gondii Tehran Strain
    Monavar Selseleh, Mohammad Hossein Modarressi, Mehdi Mohebali, Saeedeh Shojaee, Mohammad Reza Eshragian, Mina Selseleh, Ebrahim Azizi, Hossein Keshavarz
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2012; 50(3): 199.     CrossRef
  • Toxoplasma gondii: Simple duplex RT-PCR assay for detecting SAG1 and BAG1 genes during stage conversion in immunosuppressed mice
    Aongart Mahittikorn, Hannes Wickert, Yaowalark Sukthana
    Experimental Parasitology.2010; 124(2): 225.     CrossRef
  • Autism spectrum disorders may be due to cerebral toxoplasmosis associated with chronic neuroinflammation causing persistent hypercytokinemia that resulted in an increased lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and depressed metabolism of endogenous and exo
    Joseph Prandota
    Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders.2010; 4(2): 119.     CrossRef
  • Migraine Associated with Patent Foramen Ovale May Be Caused by Reactivation of Cerebral Toxoplasmosis Triggered by Arterial Blood Oxygen Desaturation
    Joseph Prandota
    International Journal of Neuroscience.2010; 120(2): 81.     CrossRef
  • DoesToxoplasma gondiiInfection Affect the Levels of IgE and Cytokines (IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-alpha)?
    Joanna Matowicka-Karna, Violetta Dymicka-Piekarska, Halina Kemona
    Clinical and Developmental Immunology.2009; 2009: 1.     CrossRef
  • Idiopatyczne nadciśnienie śródczaszkowe, guz rzekomy czaszki oraz aseptyczne zapalenie opon mogą być spowodowane reaktywacją latentnej toksoplazmozy mózgowej
    Józef Prandota
    Pediatria Polska.2009; 84(5): 453.     CrossRef
  • THE IMPORTANCE OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII INFECTION IN DISEASES PRESENTING WITH HEADACHES. HEADACHES AND ASEPTIC MENINGITIS MAY BE MANIFESTATIONS OF THE JARISCH-HERXHEIMER REACTION
    JOSEPH PRANDOTA
    International Journal of Neuroscience.2009; 119(12): 2144.     CrossRef
  • Antiallergic Effects of Lactobacillus pentosus Strain S-PT84 Mediated by Modulation of Th1/Th2 Immunobalance and Induction of IL-10 Production
    Yuji Nonaka, Takayuki Izumo, Fumi Izumi, Toshihiro Maekawa, Hiroshi Shibata, Aoi Nakano, Atsuko Kishi, Kaoru Akatani, Yoshinobu Kiso
    International Archives of Allergy and Immunology.2008; 145(3): 249.     CrossRef
  • Recurrent Headache as the Main Symptom of Acquired Cerebral Toxoplasmosis in Nonhuman Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Subjects With no Lymphadenopathy
    Joseph Prandota
    American Journal of Therapeutics.2007; 14(1): 63.     CrossRef
  • 9,495 View
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