Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"echinostome"

Original Articles

Morphology and Molecular Identification of Echinostoma revolutum and Echinostoma macrorchis in Freshwater Snails and Experimental Hamsters in Upper Northern Thailand: Preeyaporn Butboonchoo, Chalobol Wongsawad, Pheravut Wongsawad, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(5):499-511.
Published online October 22, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.5.499

Abstract
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Echinostome metacercariae were investigated in freshwater snails from 26 districts in 7 provinces of upper northern Thailand. The species identification was carried out based on the morphologies of the metacercariae and adult flukes harvested from experimental hamsters, and on nucleotide sequences of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) genes. Twenty-four out of 26 districts were found to be infected with echinostome metacercariae in freshwater snails with the prevalence of 40.4%. The metacercariae were found in all 6 species of snails, including Filopaludina martensi martensi (21.9%), Filopaludina doliaris (50.8%), F. sumatrensis polygramma (61.3%), Bithynia siamensis siamensis (14.5%), Bithynia pulchella (38.0%), and Anenthome helena (4.9%). The echinostome metacercariae found in these snails were identified as Echinostoma revolutum (37-collar-spined) and Echinostoma macrorchis (45-collar-spined) morphologically and molecularly. The 2-week-old adult flukes of E. revolutum revealed unique features of the cirrus sac extending to middle of the ventral sucker and smooth testes. E. macrorchis adults revealed the cirrus sac close to the right lateral margin of the ventral sucker and 2 large and elliptical testes with slight indentations and pointed posterior end of the posterior testis. The ITS2 and nad1 sequences confirmed the species identification of E. revolutum, and the sequences of E. macrorchis have been deposited for the first time in Gen-Bank. The presence of the life cycle of E. macrorchis is a new record in Thailand and the snail F. doliaris as their second intermediate host seems to be new among the literature.

Citations

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Development and utilization of a visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification coupled with a lateral flow dipstick (LAMP-LFD) assay for rapid detection of Echinostomatidae metacercaria in edible snail samples
Wasin Panich, Phonkawin Jaruboonyakorn, Awika Raksaman, Thanawan Tejangkura, Thapana Chontananarth
International Journal of Food Microbiology.2024; 418: 110732. CrossRef
Genetic diversity and population structure of the helminths intermediate host Anentome helena (von dem Busch, 1847) in northern Thailand
Nithinan Chomchoei, Chalobol Wongsawad, Preeyaporn Butboonchoo, Nattawadee Nantarat
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine.2024; 17(12): 536. CrossRef
Morphological and DNA analyses reveal cryptic diversity in Anentome wykoffi (Brandt, 1974) (Gastropoda: Nassariidae), with descriptions of two new species from Thailand
Nithinan Chomchoei, Thierry Backeljau, Piyatida Pimvichai, Ting Hui Ng, Nattawadee Nantarat, Gonzalo Giribet
Invertebrate Systematics.2023; 37(11): 755. CrossRef
High diversity of trematode metacercariae that parasitize freshwater gastropods in Bangkok, Thailand, and their infective situations, morphologies and phylogenetic relationships
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Parasitology.2022; 149(7): 913. CrossRef
Unwanted ‘hitchhikers’ of ornamental snails: a case report of digeneans transported via the international pet trade
A. Stanicka, R. Maciaszek, A. Cichy, J. Templin, W. Świderek, E. Żbikowska, A. M. Labecka
The European Zoological Journal.2022; 89(1): 601. CrossRef
Morphological and molecular characterization of larval trematodes infecting the assassin snail genusAnentomein Thailand
N. Chomchoei, T. Backeljau, B. Segers, C. Wongsawad, P. Butboonchoo, N. Nantarat
Journal of Helminthology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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Echinostoma mekongi n. sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) from Riparian People along the Mekong River in Cambodia: Jaeeun Cho, Bong-Kwang Jung, Taehee Chang, Woon-Mok Sohn, Muth Sinuon, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(4):431-443.
Published online August 25, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.4.431

Abstract
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Echinostoma mekongi n. sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) is described based on adult flukes collected from humans residing along the Mekong River in Cambodia. Total 256 flukes were collected from the diarrheic stool of 6 echinostome egg positive villagers in Kratie and Takeo Province after praziquantel treatment and purging. Adults of the new species were 9.0-13.1 (av. 11.3) mm in length and 1.3-2.5 (1.9) mm in maximum width and characterized by having a head collar armed with 37 collar spines (dorsal spines arranged in 2 alternative rows), including 5 end group spines. The eggs in feces and worm uterus were 98-132 (117) μm long and 62-90 (75) μm wide. These morphological features closely resembled those of Echinostoma revolutum, E. miyagawai, and several other 37-collar-spined Echinostoma species. However, sequencing of the nuclear ITS (ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2) and 2 mitochondrial genes, cox1 and nad1, revealed unique features distinct from E. revolutum and also from other 37-collar-spined Echinostoma group available in GenBank (E. bolschewense, E. caproni, E. cinetorchis, E. deserticum, E. miyagawai, E. nasincovae, E. novaezealandense, E. paraensei, E. paraulum, E. robustum, E. trivolvis, and Echinostoma sp. IG). Thus, we assigned our flukes as a new species, E. mekongi. The new species revealed marked variation in the morphology of testes (globular or lobulated), and smaller head collar, collar spines, oral and ventral suckers, and cirrus sac compared to E. revolutum and E. miyagawai. Epidemiological studies regarding the geographical distribution and its life history, including the source of human infections, remain to be performed.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The Nuclear Ribosomal Transcription Units of Two Echinostomes and Their Taxonomic Implications for the Family Echinostomatidae
Yu Cao, Ye Li, Zhong-Yan Gao, Bo-Tao Jiang
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Prevalence of Foodborne Trematodes in Small Indigenous Fish Species in Local Markets of Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Domenico Caruso, Lin Kong, Samnang Keo, Sreyni Yoeurn, Samphal Seng
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2024; 24(3): 141. CrossRef
High Prevalence of Echinostoma mekongi Infection in Schoolchildren and Adults, Kandal Province, Cambodia
Bong-Kwang Jung, Taehee Chang, Seungwan Ryoo, Sooji Hong, Jeonggyu Lee, Sung-Jong Hong, Woon-Mok Sohn, Virak Khieu, Rekol Huy, Jong-Yil Chai
Emerging Infectious Diseases.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Development and utilization of a visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification coupled with a lateral flow dipstick (LAMP-LFD) assay for rapid detection of Echinostomatidae metacercaria in edible snail samples
Wasin Panich, Phonkawin Jaruboonyakorn, Awika Raksaman, Thanawan Tejangkura, Thapana Chontananarth
International Journal of Food Microbiology.2024; 418: 110732. CrossRef
First molecular insights into gastrointestinal helminths of domestic birds in the Caspian Sea Littoral of Iran with an emphasis on the One Health concern
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Characterization of Echinostoma spp. (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae Looss, 1899) infecting ducks in south-eastern Australia
Madeleine Ray, Michael Trinidad, Nidhish Francis, Shokoofeh Shamsi
International Journal of Food Microbiology.2024; 421: 110754. CrossRef
Genetic diversity and population structure of the helminths intermediate host Anentome helena (von dem Busch, 1847) in northern Thailand
Nithinan Chomchoei, Chalobol Wongsawad, Preeyaporn Butboonchoo, Nattawadee Nantarat
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine.2024; 17(12): 536. CrossRef
High endemicity of Opisthorchis viverrini infection among people in northern Cambodia confirmed by adult worm expulsion
Bong-Kwang Jung, Sooji Hong, Taehee Chang, Jaeeun Cho, Seungwan Ryoo, Keon Hoon Lee, Jeonggyu Lee, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sung-Jong Hong, Virak Khieu, Rekol Huy, Jong-Yil Chai
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
High diversity of trematode metacercariae that parasitize freshwater gastropods in Bangkok, Thailand, and their infective situations, morphologies and phylogenetic relationships
Pichit Wiroonpan, Thapana Chontananarth, Jong-Yil Chai, Watchariya Purivirojkul
Parasitology.2022; 149(7): 913. CrossRef
Neglected food-borne trematodiases: echinostomiasis and gastrodiscoidiasis
Rafael Toledo, María Álvarez-Izquierdo, J. Guillermo Esteban, Carla Muñoz-Antoli
Parasitology.2022; 149(10): 1319. CrossRef
General overview of the current status of human foodborne trematodiasis
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Echinostoma mekongi: Discovery of Its Metacercarial Stage in Snails, Filopaludina martensi cambodjensis, in Pursat Province, Cambodia
Jong-Yil Chai, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jaeeun Cho, Bong-Kwang Jung, Taehee Chang, Keon Hoon Lee, Virak Khieu, Rekol Huy
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Echinostoma miyagawai Ishii, 1932 (Echinostomatidae) from Ducks in Aceh Province, Indonesia with Special Reference to Its Synonymy with Echinostoma robustum Yamaguti, 1935
Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung, Taehee Chang, Hyejoo Shin, Jaeeun Cho, Jin-Youp Ryu, Hyun-Seung Kim, Kwanghoon Park, Mun-Hyoo Jeong, Eui-Hyug Hoang, Marzuki Bin Muhammad Abdullah
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(1): 35. CrossRef
Acanthoparyphium shinanense n. sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) from Experimental Chicks Infected with Metacercariae Encysted in Brackish Water Clams in the Republic of Korea
Seungwan Ryoo, Bong-Kwang Jung, Taehee Chang, Sooji Hong, Hyejoo Shin, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(4): 341. CrossRef
Taxonomy of Echinostoma revolutum and 37-Collar-Spined Echinostoma spp.: A Historical Review
Jong-Yil Chai, Jaeeun Cho, Taehee Chang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Woon-Mok Sohn
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(4): 343. CrossRef

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Invited Review

Taxonomy of Echinostoma revolutum and 37-Collar-Spined Echinostoma spp.: A Historical Review: Jong-Yil Chai, Jaeeun Cho, Taehee Chang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Woon-Mok Sohn; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(4):343-371.
Published online August 25, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.4.343

Abstract
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Echinostoma flukes armed with 37 collar spines on their head collar are called as 37-collar-spined Echinostoma spp. (group) or ‘Echinostoma revolutum group’. At least 56 nominal species have been described in this group. However, many of them were morphologically close to and difficult to distinguish from the other, thus synonymized with the others. However, some of the synonymies were disagreed by other researchers, and taxonomic debates have been continued. Fortunately, recent development of molecular techniques, in particular, sequencing of the mitochondrial (nad1 and cox1) and nuclear genes (ITS region; ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), has enabled us to obtain highly useful data on phylogenetic relationships of these 37-collar-spined Echinostoma spp. Thus, 16 different species are currently acknowledged to be valid worldwide, which include E. revolutum, E. bolschewense, E. caproni, E. cinetorchis, E. deserticum, E. lindoense, E. luisreyi, E. mekongi, E. miyagawai, E. nasincovae, E. novaezealandense, E. paraensei, E. paraulum, E. robustum, E. trivolvis, and Echinostoma sp. IG of Georgieva et al., 2013. The validity of the other 10 species is retained until further evaluation, including molecular analyses; E. acuticauda, E. barbosai, E. chloephagae, E. echinatum, E. jurini, E. nudicaudatum, E. parvocirrus, E. pinnicaudatum, E. ralli, and E. rodriguesi. In this review, the history of discovery and taxonomic debates on these 26 valid or validity-retained species are briefly reviewed.

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Development of a duplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification together with lateral flow dipstick assay for the detection and discrimination of parasitic infections in chickens between cestodes belonging to genus Raillietina and trematodes in family Echi
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The ribosomal transcription units of five echinostomes and their taxonomic implications for the suborder Echinostomata (Trematoda: Platyhelminthes)
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E3S Web of Conferences.2024; 494: 04029. CrossRef
Development and utilization of a visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification coupled with a lateral flow dipstick (LAMP-LFD) assay for rapid detection of Echinostomatidae metacercaria in edible snail samples
Wasin Panich, Phonkawin Jaruboonyakorn, Awika Raksaman, Thanawan Tejangkura, Thapana Chontananarth
International Journal of Food Microbiology.2024; 418: 110732. CrossRef
First molecular insights into gastrointestinal helminths of domestic birds in the Caspian Sea Littoral of Iran with an emphasis on the One Health concern
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Molecular epidemiological analyses reveal extensive connectivity between Echinostoma revolutum (sensu stricto) populations across Eurasia and species richness of zoonotic echinostomatids in England
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A new cryptic species of Echinostoma (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) closely related to Echinostoma paraensei found in Brazil
Marisa C. Valadão, Philippe V. Alves, Danimar López-Hernández, Jordana C. A. Assis, Paulo R. S. Coelho, Stefan M. Geiger, Hudson A. Pinto
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A new species ofEchinostoma(Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) from the ‘revolutum’ group found in Brazil: refuting the occurrence ofEchinostoma miyagawai(=E. robustum) in the Americas
Marisa C. Valadão, Danimar López-Hernández, Philippe V. Alves, Hudson A. Pinto
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High diversity of trematode metacercariae that parasitize freshwater gastropods in Bangkok, Thailand, and their infective situations, morphologies and phylogenetic relationships
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Neglected food-borne trematodiases: echinostomiasis and gastrodiscoidiasis
Rafael Toledo, María Álvarez-Izquierdo, J. Guillermo Esteban, Carla Muñoz-Antoli
Parasitology.2022; 149(10): 1319. CrossRef
General overview of the current status of human foodborne trematodiasis
Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
Parasitology.2022; 149(10): 1262. CrossRef
Morphological and molecular characterization of larval trematodes infecting the assassin snail genusAnentomein Thailand
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Journal of Helminthology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Echinostoma miyagawai Ishii, 1932 (Echinostomatidae) from Ducks in Aceh Province, Indonesia with Special Reference to Its Synonymy with Echinostoma robustum Yamaguti, 1935
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(1): 35. CrossRef
Echinostoma mekongi: Discovery of Its Metacercarial Stage in Snails, Filopaludina martensi cambodjensis, in Pursat Province, Cambodia
Jong-Yil Chai, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jaeeun Cho, Bong-Kwang Jung, Taehee Chang, Keon Hoon Lee, Virak Khieu, Rekol Huy
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(1): 47. CrossRef
On the Helminth Fauna of the Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus (Linnaeus, 1766)) in the Barnim District of Brandenburg State/Germany
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Echinostoma mekongi n. sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) from Riparian People along the Mekong River in Cambodia
Jaeeun Cho, Bong-Kwang Jung, Taehee Chang, Woon-Mok Sohn, Muth Sinuon, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(4): 431. CrossRef

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Brief Communications

Echinostoma aegyptica (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) Infection in Five Riparian People in Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR: Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung, Taehee Chang, Hyejoo Shin, Woon-Mok Sohn, Keeseon S. Eom, Tai-Soon Yong, Duk-Young Min, Bounlay Phammasack, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Han-Jong Rim; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(1):67-72.
Published online February 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.1.67

Abstract
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Human infection with Echinostoma aegyptica Khalil and Abaza, 1924 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) is extremely rare. In this study, we confirmed E. aegyptica infection in 5 riparian residents living along the Mekong River in Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR. The patients revealed eggs of Opisthorchis viverrini/minute intestinal flukes, echinostomes, and other parasites in fecal examinations using the Kato-Katz technique. Following treatment with praziquantel 30-40 mg/kg and pyrantel pamoate 10-15 mg/kg in a single dose and purging with magnesium salts, adult specimens of various helminth species were collected. Among the trematodes, echinostome flukes of 4.5-7.6 mm in length (n = 134; av. 22.3 specimens per case) were of taxonomic interest and subjected in this study. The flukes were morphologically characterized by having total 43-45 collar spines arranged in 2 alternating rows (corner spines usually 5 on each side) and compatible with previous descriptions of E. aegyptica. The patients were mixed-infected with other helminths, so specific clinical manifestations due to this echinostome fluke were difficult to determine. The present paper describes for the first time human E. aegyptica infections in Lao PDR. This is the second report of human infection (2nd-6th cases) with E. aegyptica in the world following the first one from China.

Citations

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High endemicity of Opisthorchis viverrini infection among people in northern Cambodia confirmed by adult worm expulsion
Bong-Kwang Jung, Sooji Hong, Taehee Chang, Jaeeun Cho, Seungwan Ryoo, Keon Hoon Lee, Jeonggyu Lee, Woon-Mok Sohn, Sung-Jong Hong, Virak Khieu, Rekol Huy, Jong-Yil Chai
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Neglected food-borne trematodiases: echinostomiasis and gastrodiscoidiasis
Rafael Toledo, María Álvarez-Izquierdo, J. Guillermo Esteban, Carla Muñoz-Antoli
Parasitology.2022; 149(10): 1319. CrossRef
Echinostoma mekongi n. sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) from Riparian People along the Mekong River in Cambodia
Jaeeun Cho, Bong-Kwang Jung, Taehee Chang, Woon-Mok Sohn, Muth Sinuon, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(4): 431. CrossRef

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Echinochasmus caninus n. comb. (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) Infection in Eleven Riparian People in Khammouane Province, Lao PDR: Jong-Yil Chai, Taehee Chang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Hyejoo Shin, Woon-Mok Sohn, Keeseon S. Eom, Tai-Soon Yong, Duk-Young Min, Bounlay Phammasack, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Han-Jong Rim; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(4):451-456.
Published online August 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.4.451

Abstract
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Adult specimens of Echinochasmus caninus n. comb. (Verma, 1935) (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) (syn. Episthmium caninum Yamaguti, 1958) were recovered from 11 riparian people who resided along the Mekong River in Khammouane Province, Lao PDR. In fecal examinations done by the Kato-Katz technique, the cases revealed eggs of Opisthorchis viverrini/minute intestinal flukes, hookworms, and in 2 cases echinostome eggs. To recover the adult helminths, praziquantel 30-40 mg/kg and pyrantel pamoate 10-15 mg/kg in a single dose were given and purged with magnesium salts. Various species of trematodes (including O. viverrini and Haplorchis spp.), cestodes, and nematodes were recovered from their diarrheic stools. Among the trematodes, small echinostome flukes (n=42; av. 3.8 specimens per case) of 0.7-1.2 mm in length are subjected in this study. They are morphologically characterized by having 24 collar spines interrupted dorsally and anterior extension of vitellaria from the cirrus sac or genital pore level to the posterior end of the body. Particularly based on this extensive distribution of vitellaria, the specific diagnosis was made as Echinochasmus caninus. The cases were co-infected with various other helminth parasites; thus, clinical manifestations specific for this echinostome infection were difficult to determine. The present paper describes for the first time human E. caninus infections in Lao PDR. Our cases marked the 4-14th human infections with this echinostome around the world following the 3 previous cases reported from Thailand.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Neglected food-borne trematodiases: echinostomiasis and gastrodiscoidiasis
Rafael Toledo, María Álvarez-Izquierdo, J. Guillermo Esteban, Carla Muñoz-Antoli
Parasitology.2022; 149(10): 1319. CrossRef
General overview of the current status of human foodborne trematodiasis
Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
Parasitology.2022; 149(10): 1262. CrossRef
Echinostoma aegyptica (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) Infection in Five Riparian People in Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR
Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung, Taehee Chang, Hyejoo Shin, Woon-Mok Sohn, Keeseon S. Eom, Tai-Soon Yong, Duk-Young Min, Bounlay Phammasack, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Han-Jong Rim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(1): 67. CrossRef
Echinostoma mekongi n. sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) from Riparian People along the Mekong River in Cambodia
Jaeeun Cho, Bong-Kwang Jung, Taehee Chang, Woon-Mok Sohn, Muth Sinuon, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(4): 431. CrossRef
Echinostoma macrorchis Metacercariae in Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata from Xiengkhuang Province, Lao PDR and Morphologies of Adults from Experimental Animals
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Dongmin Lee, Keeseon S. Eom, Tai-Soon Yong, Jong-Yil Chai, Duk-Young Min
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(6): 657. CrossRef

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Echinostoma ilocanum Infection in Two Residents of Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR: Jong-Yil Chai, Woon-Mok Sohn, Jaeeun Cho, Keeseon S. Eom, Tai-Soon Yong, Duk-Young Min, Eui-Hyug Hoang, Bounlay Phommasack, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Han-Jong Rim; Korean J Parasitol 2018;56(1):75-79.
Published online February 28, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.1.75

Abstract
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Adult specimens of Echinostoma ilocanum (Garrison, 1908) Odhner, 1911 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) were recovered from 2 riparian people who resided along the Mekong River in Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR. In fecal examinations done by the Kato-Katz technique, they revealed echinostome eggs together with eggs of Opisthorchis viverrini (and minute intestinal fluke eggs) and hookworms. To recover the adult flukes, they were treated with praziquantel 30-40 mg/kg in a single dose and purged with magnesium salts. A total of 658 adult fluke specimens were recovered from the 2 people; 456 from case 1 and 202 from case 2. Specimens from case 1 consisted of 335 echinostomes (301 E. ilocanum and 34 species undetermined), 120 O. viverrini, and 1 Haplorchis taichui, and those from case 2 consisted of 36 E. ilocanum, 134 O. viverrini, and 32 H. taichui. Thus, the number of E. ilocanum specimens was 337 in total (average per person, 168.5). From this study, it is suggested that foodborne intestinal flukes and liver flukes are highly prevalent along the Mekong River in Savannakhet Province. The present report describes for the first time human infections with E. ilocanum in Lao PDR.

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Development and utilization of a visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification coupled with a lateral flow dipstick (LAMP-LFD) assay for rapid detection of Echinostomatidae metacercaria in edible snail samples
Wasin Panich, Phonkawin Jaruboonyakorn, Awika Raksaman, Thanawan Tejangkura, Thapana Chontananarth
International Journal of Food Microbiology.2024; 418: 110732. CrossRef
Neglected food-borne trematodiases: echinostomiasis and gastrodiscoidiasis
Rafael Toledo, María Álvarez-Izquierdo, J. Guillermo Esteban, Carla Muñoz-Antoli
Parasitology.2022; 149(10): 1319. CrossRef
General overview of the current status of human foodborne trematodiasis
Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
Parasitology.2022; 149(10): 1262. CrossRef
Foodborne intestinal flukes: A brief review of epidemiology and geographical distribution
Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
Acta Tropica.2020; 201: 105210. CrossRef
Echinostoma aegyptica (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) Infection in Five Riparian People in Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR
Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung, Taehee Chang, Hyejoo Shin, Woon-Mok Sohn, Keeseon S. Eom, Tai-Soon Yong, Duk-Young Min, Bounlay Phammasack, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Han-Jong Rim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(1): 67. CrossRef
Echinostoma mekongi n. sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) from Riparian People along the Mekong River in Cambodia
Jaeeun Cho, Bong-Kwang Jung, Taehee Chang, Woon-Mok Sohn, Muth Sinuon, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(4): 431. CrossRef
Echinochasmus caninus n. comb. (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) Infection in Eleven Riparian People in Khammouane Province, Lao PDR
Jong-Yil Chai, Taehee Chang, Bong-Kwang Jung, Hyejoo Shin, Woon-Mok Sohn, Keeseon S. Eom, Tai-Soon Yong, Duk-Young Min, Bounlay Phammasack, Bounnaloth Insisiengmay, Han-Jong Rim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(4): 451. CrossRef

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Artyfechinostomum malayanum: Metacercariae Encysted in Pila sp. Snails Purchased from Phnom Penh, Cambodia: Woon-Mok Sohn, Tai-Soon Yong, Keeseon S. Eom, Muth Sinuon, Hoo-Gn Jeoung, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(3):341-345.
Published online June 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.3.341

Abstract
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The metacercariae of Artyfechinostomum malayanum (Leiper, 1911) Mendheim, 1943 were discovered in Pila sp. snails purchased from a market in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. They were isolated from the snails using the artificial digestion technique and were orally fed to 2 hamsters, 1 rat, and 2 mice to obtain the adult flukes. The metacercariae were round, 145-165 μm in diameter, having a cyst wall of 6-10 μm in thickness, a head collar and collar spines, and characteristic features of excretory granules. Adult flukes were recovered in the small intestines of the animals at days 14 and 32 post infection and were morphologically observed using a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope. They were plump or elongated, ventrally curved, 6.0-8.1×1.6-2.0 mm in size, and characterized by the head collar bearing 43 collar spines, including 5 end group ones on each side, a long cirrus sac extending beyond the posterior margin of the ventral sucker, a submedian ovary, and 2 deeply lobed testes. Eggs in uteri were operculate, ovoid to ellipsoid, and 120-135×68-75 μm in size. In scanning electron microscopy, the head collar was prominent with collar spines looking like horns. Scale-like tegumental spines were densely distributed on the ventral surface between the head collar and ventral sucker. Sensory papillae were distributed mainly on the tegument around suckers. By this study, it has been first confirmed that the life cycle of A. malayanum exists in Cambodia.

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The ribosomal transcription units of five echinostomes and their taxonomic implications for the suborder Echinostomata (Trematoda: Platyhelminthes)
Thanh Hoa Le, Linh Thi Khanh Pham, Dong Van Quyen, Khue Thi Nguyen, Huong Thi Thanh Doan, Weerachai Saijuntha, David Blair
Parasitology Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Biological Hazards and Indicators Found in Products of Animal Origin in Cambodia from 2000 to 2022: A Systematic Review
Shwe Phue San, Rortana Chea, Delia Grace, Kristina Roesel, Sothyra Tum, Stephen Young, Tumnoon Charaslertrangsi, Nazanin Zand, Shetty Seetharama Thombathu, Ra Thorng, Leab Kong, Kuok Fidero, Linda Nicolaides
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2024; 21(12): 1621. CrossRef
Mitophylogenomics of the zoonotic fluke Echinostoma malayanum confirms it as a member of the genus Artyfechinostomum Lane, 1915 and illustrates the complexity of Echinostomatidae systematics
Linh Thi Khanh Pham, Weerachai Saijuntha, Scott P. Lawton, Thanh Hoa Le
Parasitology Research.2022; 121(3): 899. CrossRef
High diversity of trematode metacercariae that parasitize freshwater gastropods in Bangkok, Thailand, and their infective situations, morphologies and phylogenetic relationships
Pichit Wiroonpan, Thapana Chontananarth, Jong-Yil Chai, Watchariya Purivirojkul
Parasitology.2022; 149(7): 913. CrossRef
General overview of the current status of human foodborne trematodiasis
Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
Parasitology.2022; 149(10): 1262. CrossRef
Foodborne intestinal flukes: A brief review of epidemiology and geographical distribution
Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
Acta Tropica.2020; 201: 105210. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Two Echinostome Species, Pegosomum bubulcum and Nephrostomum ramosum (Digenea: Echinostomatidae), from an Eastern Cattle Egret, Bubulcus ibis coromandus, in Republic of Korea: Seongjun Choe, Dongmin Lee, Hansol Park, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Youngsun Lee, Eunju Kim, Ki-Jeong Na, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(4):485-496.
Published online August 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.4.485

Abstract
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We describe 2 echinostome species recovered from an Eastern cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis coromandus, from Cheongju-si (city), Chungcheongbuk-do (province), Korea. Total 72 Pegosomum bubulcum specimens were recovered from the bile duct. They were 7,566×2,938 μm in average size and had 27 collar spines with vitelline extension from anterior 1/3 level of the esophagus to mid-level of the posterior testis as characteristic features. Total 9 specimens of Nephrostomum ramosum were recovered in the small intestines of the bird. They were ribbon-shaped, 11,378×2,124 μm in average size, and morphologically variable in some organs, i.e., the number of collar spines (47-50), the shape of ovary and testes, and the extension of vitelline follicles. These morphological variations observed in a single host indicated that these features are not critical for the classification of Nephrostomum species and thus were reconsidered taxonomically as synonym of N. ramosum. This study is the first report documenting and describing both flukes and their associated genera in Korea.

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Filling the void: Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses of helminths assemblage from the Egyptian egret Bubulcus ibis
Nada A. Ibrahim, Ismail M. Shalaby, Mahi A. Ghobashy, Azza A. Taeleb, Elham A. Elkhawass
Parasitology International.2025; 104: 102972. CrossRef
18S rRNA gene metabarcoding for investigation of gastrointestinal parasite diversity in great cormorants
Subin Lee, Badriah Alkathiri, Chang Hyeon Lee, Heon Woo Lee, Dong-Hyuk Jeong, Ju Yeong Kim, Seongjun Choe, Seung-Hun Lee
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular and morphological support for the synonymy of Nephrostomum and Patagifer: discovery of new species and broad geographic connections
María G. Díaz González, Danimar López-Hernández, Vasyl V. Tkach, Fabiana Drago, Fred D. Chibwana, Martina R. Laidemitt, Christopher A. Blanar, Verónica Núñez, Mariano Dueñas Díaz, Luis A. Gomez-Puerta, Sean A. Locke
International Journal for Parasitology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Infections with Digenetic Trematode Metacercariae in Freshwater Fishes from Two Visiting Sites of Migratory Birds in Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(3): 273. CrossRef
Infections of Two Isthmiophora Species (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) in Wild Mammals from Republic of Korea with Their Morphological Descriptions
Seongjun Choe, Ki-Jeong Na, Youngjun Kim, Dong-Hyuk Jeong, Jeong-Jin Yang, Keeseon S. Eom
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(6): 647. CrossRef
New Definitive Hosts and Differential Body Indices of Isthmiophora hortensis (Digenea: Echinostomatidae)
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Sung-Shik Shin
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(3): 287. CrossRef
Echinostoma macrorchis (Digenea: Echinostomatidae): Metacercariae in Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata Snails and Adults from Experimental Rats in Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(5): 541. CrossRef

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Animal Models for Echinostoma malayanum Infection: Worm Recovery and Some Pathology: Jiraporn Songsri, Ratchadawan Aukkanimart, Thidarut Boonmars, Panaratana Ratanasuwan, Porntip Laummaunwai, Pranee Sriraj, Panupan Sripan; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(1):47-53.
Published online February 26, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.1.47

Abstract
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Echinostomes are intestinal trematodes that infect a wide range of vertebrate hosts, including humans, in their adult stage and also parasitize numerous invertebrate and cold-blooded vertebrate hosts in their larval stages. The purpose of this study was to compare Echinostoma malayanum parasite growth, including worm recovery, body size of adult worms, eggs per worm, eggs per gram of feces, and pathological changes in the small intestine of experimental animals. In this study, 6-8-week-old male hamsters, rats, mice, and gerbils were infected with echinostome metacercariae and then sacrificed at day 60 post-infection. The small intestine and feces of each infected animal were collected and then processed for analysis. The results showed that worm recovery, eggs per worm, and eggs per gram of feces from all infected hamsters were higher compared with infected rats and mice. However, in infected gerbils, no parasites were observed in the small intestine, and there were no parasite eggs in the feces. The volume of eggs per gram of feces and eggs per worm were related to parasite size. The results of histopathological changes in the small intestine of infected groups showed abnormal villi and goblet cells, as evidenced by short villi and an increase in the number and size of goblet cells compared with the normal control group.

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Research Note: Genetic analysis, pathology, and vectors of echinostomiasis, a zoonotic helminth infection in chickens in Bangladesh
Sharmin Shahid Labony, Sudip Paul, Md. Abdul Alim, Md. Shahadat Hossain, Takahiro Inoue, Sumaiya Naznin Ritu, Mohammad Zahangir Alam, Mahmudul Alam, Hayato Kawada, Muhammad Mehedi Hasan, Takeshi Hatta, Naotoshi Tsuji, Anisuzzaman
Poultry Science.2022; 101(3): 101682. CrossRef
A relatively high zoonotic trematode prevalence in Orientogalba ollula and the developmental characteristics of isolated trematodes by experimental infection in the animal model
Jian Li, Yijing Ren, Lei Yang, Jiani Guo, Haiying Chen, Jiani Liu, Haoqiang Tian, Qingan Zhou, Weiyi Huang, Wei Hu, Xinyu Feng
Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Immune pathogenesis in pigeons during experimental Prohemistomum vivax infection
Asmaa M. I. Abuzeid, Mahmoud M. Hefni, Yue Huang, Long He, Tingting Zhuang, Guoqing Li
Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular and phylogenetic analysis and risk assessment of a trematode parasite, Artyfechinostomum sufrartyfex Lane, 1915 with a new host record from India
Dimple Mandla, Neena Singla, Sukhmanpreet Kaur Brar, Lachhman Das Singla
Biologia.2022; 78(1): 119. CrossRef
Artyfechinostomum malayanum: Metacercariae Encysted in Pila sp. Snails Purchased from Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Woon-Mok Sohn, Tai-Soon Yong, Keeseon S. Eom, Muth Sinuon, Hoo-Gn Jeoung, Jong-Yil Chai
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(3): 341. CrossRef

28,387 View
159 Download
6 Web of Science
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Three Echinostome Species from Wild Birds in the Republic of Korea: Seongjun Choe, Dongmin Lee, Hansol Park, Mihyeon Oh, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Youngsun Lee, Ki-Jeong Na, Youngjun Kim, Hang Lee, Keeseon S. Eom; Korean J Parasitol 2014;52(5):513-520.
Published online October 22, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.5.513

Abstract
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Three echinostome species, i.e., Patagifer bilobus, Petasiger neocomense, and Saakotrema metatestis, are newly recorded in the trematode fauna of the Republic of Korea. They were recovered from 3 species of migratory birds (Platalea minor, Podiceps cristatus, and Egretta garzetta), which were donated by the Wildlife Center of Chungbuk (WCC) and the Conservation Genome Resource Bank for Korean Wildlife (CGRB). Only 1 P. bilobus specimen was recovered from the intestine of a black-faced spoonbill (P. minor), and characterized by the bilobed head crown with a deep dorsal incision and 54 collar spines. Twenty P. neocomense were recovered from the intestine of a great crested grebe (P. cristatus), and they had a well-developed head crown with 19 spines and 2 testes obliquely located at the posterior middle of the body. Total 70 S. metatestis were collected from the bursa of Fabricius of 1 little egret (E. garzetta). It is characterized by stout tegumental spines covered in the entire leaf-shaped body, posterior extension of the uterus, presence of the uroproct and a well-developed head crown with 12 pairs of collar spines on each side. By the present study, these 3 echinostome species are newly added to the trematode fauna in Korea.

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Filling the void: Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses of helminths assemblage from the Egyptian egret Bubulcus ibis
Nada A. Ibrahim, Ismail M. Shalaby, Mahi A. Ghobashy, Azza A. Taeleb, Elham A. Elkhawass
Parasitology International.2025; 104: 102972. CrossRef
The Nuclear Ribosomal Transcription Units of Two Echinostomes and Their Taxonomic Implications for the Family Echinostomatidae
Yu Cao, Ye Li, Zhong-Yan Gao, Bo-Tao Jiang
Biology.2025; 14(8): 1101. CrossRef
First record of Patagifer bilobus (Rudolphi, 1819) Dietz, 1909 (Digenea: Echinostomatidae), with a morphological and molecular characterization from two threskiornithid species in Mexico
Ana Lucia Sereno-Uribe, Marcelo Tonatiuh González-García, Mirza Patricia Ortega-Olivares, Alejandra López-Jiménez, Martín García-Varela, Leopoldo Andrade-Gómez
Parasitology Research.2022; 121(7): 1921. CrossRef
EXAMINATION OF HELMINTH PARASITES IN THE FECAL SAMPLES OF MAGPIES (Pica pica), JACKDAWS (Corvus monedula), AND ROOKS (Corvus frugilegus) IN THE VICINITIES OF VAN PROVINCE/TURKEY
Ali Bilgin YILMAZ, Erkan AZİZOĞLU, Özdemir ADIZEL
Commagene Journal of Biology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Infections with Digenetic Trematode Metacercariae in Freshwater Fishes from Two Visiting Sites of Migratory Birds in Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(3): 273. CrossRef
Infections of Two Isthmiophora Species (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) in Wild Mammals from Republic of Korea with Their Morphological Descriptions
Seongjun Choe, Ki-Jeong Na, Youngjun Kim, Dong-Hyuk Jeong, Jeong-Jin Yang, Keeseon S. Eom
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(6): 647. CrossRef
Echinochasmus swabiensis n. sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) from Black Kite (Milvus Migrans Migrans) in Swabi District, Pakistan
S. Suleman, M. S. Khan, X. Q. Zhu, A. M. Dharejo, E. C. Uwalaka, M. Shah, O. A. Adediran
Folia Veterinaria.2018; 62(2): 5. CrossRef
New Definitive Hosts and Differential Body Indices of Isthmiophora hortensis (Digenea: Echinostomatidae)
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Sung-Shik Shin
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(3): 287. CrossRef
Echinostoma macrorchis (Digenea: Echinostomatidae): Metacercariae in Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata Snails and Adults from Experimental Rats in Korea
Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(5): 541. CrossRef
Two Echinostome Species, Pegosomum bubulcum and Nephrostomum ramosum (Digenea: Echinostomatidae), from an Eastern Cattle Egret, Bubulcus ibis coromandus, in Republic of Korea
Seongjun Choe, Dongmin Lee, Hansol Park, Hyeong-Kyu Jeon, Youngsun Lee, Eunju Kim, Ki-Jeong Na, Keeseon S. Eom
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2016; 54(4): 485. CrossRef

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A Cross-Sectional Study on Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Rural Communities, Northeast Thailand: Sirintip Boonjaraspinyo, Thidarut Boonmars, Butsara Kaewsamut, Nuttapon Ekobol, Porntip Laummaunwai, Ratchadawan Aukkanimart, Nadchanan Wonkchalee, Amornrat Juasook, Pranee Sriraj; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(6):727-734.
Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.727

Abstract
PDF

Despite the existence of effective anthelmintics, parasitic infections remain a major public health problem in Southeast Asia, including Thailand. In rural communities, continuing infection is often reinforced by dietary habits that have a strong cultural basis and by poor personal hygiene and sanitation. This study presents a survey of the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among the people in rural Thailand. The community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in villages in Khon Kaen Province, northeastern Thailand, from March to August 2013. A total of 253 stool samples from 102 males and 140 females, aged 2-80 years, were prepared using formalin-ethyl acetate concentration methods and examined using light microscopy. Ninety-four individuals (37.2%) were infected with 1 or more parasite species. Presence of parasitic infection was significantly correlated with gender (P=0.001); nearly half of males in this survey (49.0%) were infected. Older people had a higher prevalence than younger members of the population. The most common parasite found was Opisthorchis viverrini (26.9%), followed by Strongyloides stercoralis (9.5%), Taenia spp. (1.6%), echinostomes (0.4%), and hookworms (0.4%). The prevalence of intestinal protozoa was Blastocystis hominis 1.6%, Entamoeba histolytica 0.8%, Entamoeba coli 0.8%, Balantidium coli 0.4%, Iodamoeba b?tschlii 0.4%, and Sarcocystis hominis 0.4%. Co-infections of various helminths and protozoa were present in 15.9% of the people. The present results show that the prevalence of parasitic infections in this region is still high. Proactive education about dietary habits, personal hygiene, and sanitation should be provided to the people in this community to reduce the prevalence of intestinal parasite infections. Moreover, development of policies and programs to control parasites is needed.

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Zoonotic Echinostome Infections in Free-Grazing Ducks in Thailand: Weerachai Saijuntha, Kunyarat Duenngai, Chairat Tantrawatpan; Korean J Parasitol 2013;51(6):663-667.
Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2013.51.6.663

Abstract
PDF

Free-grazing ducks play a major role in the rural economy of Eastern Asia in the form of egg and meat production. In Thailand, the geographical location, tropical climate conditions and wetland areas of the country are suitable for their husbandry. These environmental factors also favor growth, multiplication, development, survival, and spread of duck parasites. In this study, a total of 90 free-grazing ducks from northern, central, and northeastern regions of Thailand were examined for intestinal helminth parasites, with special emphasis on zoonotic echinostomes. Of these, 51 (56.7%) were infected by one or more species of zoonotic echinostomes, Echinostoma revolutum, Echinoparyphium recurvatum, and Hypoderaeum conoideum. Echinostomes found were identified using morphological criteria when possible. ITS2 sequences were used to identify juvenile and incomplete worms. The prevalence of infection was relatively high in each region, namely, north, central, and northeast region was 63.2%, 54.5%, and 55.3%, respectively. The intensity of infection ranged up to 49 worms/infected duck. Free-grazing ducks clearly play an important role in the life cycle maintenance, spread, and transmission of these medically important echinostomes in Thailand.

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Brief Communications

Echinostoma revolutum: Metacercariae in Filopaludina Snails from Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam, and Adults from Experimental Hamsters: Jong-Yil Chai, Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Nguyen Van De; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(4):449-455.
Published online December 16, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.4.449

Abstract
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We detected metacercariae of Echinostoma revolutum in Filopaludina sp. snails purchased from a local market in Nam Dinh Province for the first time in Vietnam. Adult flukes were harvested from experimentally infected hamsters at days 14 and 17 post-infection. The metacercariae were round, 170-190 ?m (n=15) in diameter, with a cyst wall thickness of about 12 ?m. A total of 37 collar spines were arranged around the head collar, and large excretory granules were seen in 2 canals of the excretory bladder. The 14-day old adult flukes were elongated, ventrally curved, and 5.0-7.2×0.8-1.3 mm (n=20). The head collar had a total of 37 collar spines arranged in 2 alternating rows, including 5 corner spines on each side. The cirrus sac contained a saccular seminal vesicle, a prostatic gland, and an unarmed cirrus. Two tandem testes were smooth or slightly lobed. Eggs were ovoid to elliptical, 110-118×70-75 ?m. These morphological characters were similar to those of E. revolutum and E. jurini. We tentatively identified it as E. revolutum because the validity of E. jurini remains to be elucidated. The taxonomic relationship of E. revolutum and E. jurini is discussed.

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Echinostoma ilocanum Infection in Oddar Meanchey Province, Cambodia: Woon-Mok Sohn, Hyeong-Jin Kim, Tai-Soon Yong, Keeseon S. Eom, Hoo-Gn Jeong, Jae-Kwang Kim, A-Reum Kang, Mok-Ryun Kim, Jung-Mi Park, Soo-Hyeon Ji, Muth Sinuon, Duong Socheat, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(2):187-190.
Published online June 14, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.2.187

Abstract
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Fecal examinations using the Kato Katz technique were performed on a total of 1,287 villagers (945 students and 342 general inhabitants) of Oddar Meanchey Province, Cambodia in May 2007 and November 2009. The overall intestinal helminth egg positive rate was 23.9%, and the most prevalent helminth species was hookworms (21.6%). Other helminth eggs detected included echinostomes (1.0%), Enterobius vermicularis (0.8%), small trematode eggs (0.7%), which may include Opisthorchis viverrini and Haplorchis spp., and Hymenolepis nana (0.4%). In order to recover adult echinostomes, we treated 2 patients with 10-15 mg/kg praziquantel and purged. Total 14 adult echinostomes, 1 and 13 worms from each patient, were collected. The echinostomes characteristically had 49-51 collar spines and 2 round or slightly lobated testes. They were identified as Echinostoma ilocanum (Garrison, 1908) Odhner, 1911. So far as literature are concerned, this is the first record on the discovery of human E. ilocanum infection in Cambodia.

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Foodborne Intestinal Flukes in Southeast Asia: Jong-Yil Chai, Eun-Hee Shin, Soon-Hyung Lee, Han-Jong Rim; Korean J Parasitol 2009;47(Suppl):S69.
Published online October 23, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2009.47.S.S69

Abstract
PDF

In Southeast Asia, a total of 59 species of foodborne intestinal flukes have been known to occur in humans. The largest group is the family Heterophyidae, which constitutes 22 species belonging to 9 genera (Centrocestus, Haplorchis, Heterophyes, Heterophyopsis, Metagonimus, Procerovum, Pygidiopsis, Stellantchasmus, and Stictodora). The next is the family Echinostomatidae, which includes 20 species in 8 genera (Artyfechinostomum, Acanthoparyphium, Echinochasmus, Echinoparyphium, Echinostoma, Episthmium, Euparyphium, and Hypoderaeum). The family Plagiorchiidae follows the next containing 5 species in 1 genus (Plagiorchis). The family Lecithodendriidae includes 3 species in 2 genera (Phaneropsolus and Prosthodendrium). In 9 other families, 1 species in 1 genus each is involved; Cathaemaciidae (Cathaemacia), Fasciolidae (Fasciolopsis), Gastrodiscidae (Gastrodiscoides), Gymnophallidae (Gymnophalloides), Microphallidae (Spelotrema), Neodiplostomidae (Neodiplostomum), Paramphistomatidae (Fischoederius), Psilostomidae (Psilorchis), and Strigeidae (Cotylurus). Various types of foods are sources of human infections. They include freshwater fish, brackish water fish, fresh water snails, brackish water snails (including the oyster), amphibians, terrestrial snakes, aquatic insects, and aquatic plants. The reservoir hosts include various species of mammals or birds.The host-parasite relationships have been studied in Metagonimus yokogawai, Echinostoma hortense, Fasciolopsis buski, Neodiplostomum seoulense, and Gymnophalloides seoi; however, the pathogenicity of each parasite species and host mucosal defense mechanisms are yet poorly understood. Clinical aspects of each parasite infection need more clarification. Differential diagnosis by fecal examination is difficult because of morphological similarity of eggs. Praziquantel is effective for most intestinal fluke infections. Continued efforts to understand epidemiological significance of intestinal fluke infections, with detection of further human cases, are required.

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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(1): 73. CrossRef
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(4): 343. CrossRef
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S. B. Chuyelov, A. L. Rossina
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Journal of Parasitology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2019; 57(3): 295. CrossRef
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(3): 357. CrossRef
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2017; 55(3): 341. CrossRef
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The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2016; 54(2): 173. CrossRef
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Parasites & Vectors.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
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Brief Communication

Mactra veneriformis, an Intertidal Clam, as a New Second Intermediate Host for Acanthoparyphium marilae (Digenea: Echinostomatidae): Eun-Taek Han, Jong-Yil Chai; Korean J Parasitol 2008;46(2):101-104.
Published online June 20, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2008.46.2.101

Abstract
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Metacercariae of Acanthoparyphium marilae Yamaguti, 1934 (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) were discovered in an intertidal clam, Mactra veneriformis, in a southwestern coastal area of the Republic of Korea. A total of 128 metacercariae were detected from 10 clams examined. They were round, 320 ?m in average diameter, with 23 collar spines. They were fed experimentally to chicks, and 10 days later adult flukes were obtained. The adults were morphologically characterized by the head collar with a single row of 23 dorsally uninterrupted spines, without special end group spines, a round ventral sucker, 2 round and tandem testes, and vitellaria extending at lateral fields from the posterior extremity not beyond the middle level of the posterior testis. The most characteristic feature of this species was the limited distribution of vitellaria, which differs from Acanthoparyphium tyosenense Yamaguti, 1939, the metacercariae of which are encysted in the same mollusk species. This is the first report in which the metacercariae of this species were detected, and the intertidal bivalve, M. veneriformis, has been identified as a second intermediate host for A. marilae.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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