Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

"filariform larva"

Case Reports

A case of fatal hyperinfective strongyloidiasis with discovery of autoinfective filariform larvae in sputum: Jin Kim, Hyun-Soo Joo, Hyang-Mi Ko, Min-Sik Na, Sun-Ho Hwang, Jong-Cheol Im; Korean J Parasitol 2005;43(2):51-55.
Published online June 20, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2005.43.2.51

Abstract
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The autoinfective filariform larva of Strongyloides stercoralis causes hyperinfection in immunosuppressed hosts. Here we report on the case of a male patient who was admitted to the emergency room at Gwangju Veterans Hospital with a complaint of dyspnea, and who was receiving corticosteroid therapy for asthma. Many slender larvae of S. stercoralis with a notched tail were detected in Papanicolaou stained sputum. They measured 269 ± 21.2 ?m in length and 11 ± 0.6 ?m in width. The esophagus extended nearly half of the body length. The larvae were identified putatively as autoinfective third-stage filariform larvae, and their presence was fatal. The autoinfective filariform larva of S. stercoralis has not been previously reported in Korea.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The fourth-stage autoinfective larva of Strongyloides stercoralis : redescription and diagnostic implications
Huan Zhao, Anson V. Koehler, Cameron Truarn, Damien Bradford, David W. New, Rick Speare, Robin B. Gasser, Harsha Sheorey, Richard S. Bradbury, Bobbi S. Pritt
Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Bridging experimental biology and clinical practice: lessons from autoinfective larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis
Vitor Luís Tenório Mati, Bobbi S. Pritt
Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Introduction to Strongyloides stercoralis Anatomy
Michelle L. Castelletto, Damia Akimori, Ruhi Patel, Nathan E. Schroeder, Elissa A. Hallem
Journal of Nematology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A 53-Year-Old Woman With Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Progressive Paratracheal Lymphadenopathy
Alberto Goizueta, Aileen Anglin, Bruce F. Sabath
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Severe strongyloidiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 339 cases
Olga C Rojas, Alexandra M Montoya, Hiram Villanueva-Lozano, Diego Carrion-Alvarez
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2023; 117(10): 682. CrossRef
Human strongyloidiasis: complexities and pathways forward
Dora Buonfrate, Richard S. Bradbury, Matthew R. Watts, Zeno Bisoffi, Louisa A. Messenger
Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Seropositivity Rates of Strongyloides stercoralis Antibody in the Southeastern Region of Republic of Korea: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Taehwa Kim, Seungjin Lim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2022; 60(3): 181. CrossRef
Phylogenetic Positioning of a Strongyloides stercoralis Isolate Recovered from a Korean Patient and Comparison with Other Asian Isolates
Jaeho Bae, Mi Jin Jeong, Dong hoon Shin, Hyun Woo Kim, Sung Ho Ahn, Jun Ho Choi, Hak Sun Yu
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(6): 689. CrossRef
Strongyloides stercoralis infection after the use of emergency corticosteroids: a case report on hyperinfection syndrome
George Vasquez-Rios, Roberto Pineda-Reyes, Eloy F. Ruiz, Angelica Terashima, Fernando Mejia
Journal of Medical Case Reports.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Strongyloides stercoralis infection in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-based review
Alireza Ashiri, Molouk Beiromvand, Abdollah Khanzadeh
Clinical Rheumatology.2019; 38(11): 3093. CrossRef
Advances in the Molecular and Cellular Biology of Strongyloides spp.
Tegegn G. Jaleta, James B. Lok
Current Tropical Medicine Reports.2019; 6(4): 161. CrossRef
Pulmonary Strongyloidiasis Masquerading as Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Gourahari Pradhan, Priyadarshini Behera, Manoj Kumar Panigrahi, Sourin Bhuniya, Prasanta Raghab Mohapatra, Jyotirmayee Turuk, Srujana Mohanty
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2016; 79(4): 307. CrossRef
Severe strongyloidiasis: a systematic review of case reports
Dora Buonfrate, Ana Requena-Mendez, Andrea Angheben, Jose Muñoz, Federico Gobbi, Jef Van Den Ende, Zeno Bisoffi
BMC Infectious Diseases.2013;[Epub] CrossRef
Bronchial lavage in tropical pneumonias
Rizwana Khan, Om P Sharma
Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine.2007; 13(3): 225. CrossRef

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A case of Strongyloides stercoralis infection: Sung-Jong Hong, Joo-Hee Han; Korean J Parasitol 1999;37(2):117-120.
Published online June 30, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1999.37.2.117

Abstract
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Strongyloidiasis has been recognized as one of the life-threatening parasitic infections in the immunocompromised patients. We report an intestinal infection case of Strongyloides stercoralis in a 61-year-old man. Rhabditiform larvae were detected in the stool examination and developed to filariform larvae having a notched tail through the Harada-Mori filter paper culture. The patient received five courses of albendazole therapy but not cured of strongyloidiasis.

Citations

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Albendazole and Mebendazole as Anti-Parasitic and Anti-Cancer Agents: an Update
Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung, Sung-Jong Hong
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(3): 189. CrossRef
Pulmonary Strongyloidiasis Masquerading as Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Gourahari Pradhan, Priyadarshini Behera, Manoj Kumar Panigrahi, Sourin Bhuniya, Prasanta Raghab Mohapatra, Jyotirmayee Turuk, Srujana Mohanty
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2016; 79(4): 307. CrossRef
Gastric strongyloidiasis as multiple small gastric nodules
Afshin Shafaghi, Kurosh Askari, Hadi Hajizadeh, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
American Journal of Case Reports.2012; 13: 7. CrossRef
Gastrointestinal hyper infection due to Strongyloides stercoralis in a patient with Behcet’s syndrome
Seyed Ziaeddin Tabei, Fatemeh Asadian, Mahdi Fakhar, Akbar Safaei
Comparative Clinical Pathology.2009; 18(1): 89. CrossRef
A case of gastric strongyloidiasis in a Korean patient
Jin Kim, Hyun-Soo Joo, Doo-Hong Kim, Ho Lim, Yu-Ho Kang, Myung-Soo Kim
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2003; 41(1): 63. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Partial cross-resistance between Strongyloides venezuelensis and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in rats: Byeong-Kirl Baek, M. Khyrul Islam, Jin-Ho Kim, John-Wha Lee, Jin Hur; Korean J Parasitol 1999;37(2):101-107.
Published online June 30, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1999.37.2.101

Abstract
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Rats were immunized through an initial infection with 1,000 filariform larvae (L₃) of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and after complete expulsion of worms they were challenged with 1,000 L₃ of Strongyloides venezuelensis to investigate whether cross-resistance developed against a heterologous parasite. Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-immunized rats developed a partial cross-resistance against S. venezuelensis migrating larvae (MSL₃) in the lungs and adult worms in the small intestine. The population of MSL₃ in the lungs were significantly lower (P<0.05) in immunized rats (22.0 ± 7.4) compared with controls (105.0 ± 27.6). The populations of adult worms, egg output and fecundity were initially decreased but from day 14 post-challenge they did not show any significant difference between immunized and control rats. However, the length of worm in immunized rat was revealed as retardation. Peripheral blood eosinophilia was significantly decreased (P<0.05) on day 7 post-challenge and then gradually increased, which peaked on day 42 post-challenge when most of the worms were expelled. These results suggest that peripheral blood eosinophilia is strongly involved in the worm establishment and expulsion mechanisms.

Citations

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Systemic Immune Modulation by Gastrointestinal Nematodes
Darshan N. Kasal, Lindsey M. Warner, Astra S. Bryant, Elia Tait Wojno, Jakob von Moltke
Annual Review of Immunology .2024; 42(1): 259. CrossRef
Intestinal helminth infection transforms the CD4+ T cell composition of the skin
Cajsa H. Classon, Muzhen Li, Ada Lerma Clavero, Junjie Ma, Xiaogang Feng, Christopher A. Tibbitt, Julian M. Stark, Rebeca Cardoso, Emma Ringqvist, Louis Boon, Eduardo J. Villablanca, Antonio Gigliotti Rothfuchs, Liv Eidsmo, Jonathan M. Coquet, Susanne Nyl
Mucosal Immunology.2022; 15(2): 257. CrossRef
Nematode-Infected Mice Acquire Resistance to Subsequent Infection With Unrelated Nematode by Inducing Highly Responsive Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Lung
Koubun Yasuda, Takumi Adachi, Atsuhide Koida, Kenji Nakanishi
Frontiers in Immunology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Biotic and abiotic effects on the intestinal helminth community of the brown ratRattus norvegicusfrom Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
R.O. Simões, J.L. Luque, R. Gentile, M.C.S. Rosa, S. Costa-Neto, A. Maldonado
Journal of Helminthology.2016; 90(1): 21. CrossRef
Migratory route of Strongyloides venezuelensis in Lewis rats: Comparison of histological analyses and PCR
Nelson Mendes Marra, Fernanda Chiuso-Minicucci, Gabriel Capella Machado, Sofia Fernanda Gonçalves Zorzella-Pezavento, Thaís Graziela Donegá França, Larissa Lumi Watanabe Ishikawa, Alessandro F.T. Amarante, Alexandrina Sartori, Mônica R.V. Amarante
Experimental Parasitology.2011; 127(2): 334. CrossRef
Migration of Strongyloides venezuelensis in Rats after Oral Inoculation of Free-Living Infective Larvae
Kiku MATSUDA, Byeong-Su KIM, In-Soo WHANG, Chae-Woong LIM, Byeong-Kirl BAEK
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science.2003; 65(9): 971. CrossRef

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Effects of in vitro culture methods on morphological development and infectivity of Strongyloides venezuelensis filariform larvae: M. Khyrul Islam, Kiku Matsuda, Jin-Ho Kim, Byeong-Kirl Baek; Korean J Parasitol 1999;37(1):13-19.
Published online March 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1999.37.1.13

Abstract
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The effects of in vitro culture methods on morphological development and infectivity of Strongyloides venezuelensis filariform larvae (L₃) to rats were investigated. A significantly higher body length was observed in L₃ from filter paper culture (597.3 ± 32.2 ?m) than those in fecal (509.9 ± 35.0 ?m) and nutrient broth culture (503.3 ± 31.0 ?m) (P<0.05). Larval infectivity was assessed by exposing rats to 1,000 L₃ from each culture and worms were recovered from the lungs and small intestines. Recovery rate of these worms did not show any significant difference. A significantly greater body length of adults was recorded in those corresponding to the L₃ harvested from filter paper (2,777.5 ± 204.4 ?m) and nutrient broth culture (2,732.5 ± 169.8 ?m) than those corresponding to the L₃ obtained from fecal culture (2,600.5 ± 172.4 ?m) (P<0.05). Although worm fecundity and EPG counts differed among culture methods but worm burdens and course of infection did not. These findings suggest that the methods of cultures have a significant effect on the morphological development of the larvae to the L₃ stage, but do not influence the infectivity to rats.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Venestatin from parasitic helminths interferes with receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)-mediated immune responses to promote larval migration
Daigo Tsubokawa, Taisei Kikuchi, Jae Man Lee, Takahiro Kusakabe, Yasuhiko Yamamoto, Haruhiko Maruyama, James B. Lok
PLOS Pathogens.2021; 17(6): e1009649. CrossRef
Strongyloides ratti and S. venezuelensis – rodent models of Strongyloides infection
MARK VINEY, TAISEI KIKUCHI
Parasitology.2017; 144(3): 285. CrossRef
Venestatin, a Ca ++ -binding protein from the parasitic nematode Strongyloides venezuelensis , is involved in the larval migration process
Daigo Tsubokawa, Takeshi Hatta, Taisei Kikuchi, Hiroki Maeda, Fusako Mikami, M. Abdul Alim, Haruhiko Maruyama, Naotoshi Tsuji
International Journal for Parasitology.2017; 47(8): 501. CrossRef
Viability of Strongyloides venezuelensis eggs and larvae in vermiculite containing the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans
Laryssa Pinheiro Costa Silva, Carolina Magri Ferraz, Anderson Rocha Aguiar, Jackson Victor Araújo, Steveen Rios Ribeiro, Débora Goldner Rossi, Luanderson Queiroz Mendes, Fausto Edmundo Lima Pereira, Narcisa Imaculada Brant Moreira, Fabio Ribeiro Braga
Parasitology Research.2017; 116(7): 2047. CrossRef
Development of free-living stages of Strongyloides ratti under different temperature conditions
Maki Sakamoto, Shoji Uga
Parasitology Research.2013; 112(12): 4009. CrossRef
Transcriptomic analysis of four developmental stages of Strongyloides venezuelensis
Eiji Nagayasu, Yoshitoshi Ogura, Takehiko Itoh, Ayako Yoshida, Gunimala Chakraborty, Tetsuya Hayashi, Haruhiko Maruyama
Parasitology International.2013; 62(1): 57. CrossRef
Characterization of the protective response against a homologous challenge infection with Strongyloides venezuelensis in rats
B.K Baek, M.K Islam, B.S Kim, C.W Lim, J Hur, A.O Oluoch, C.H Kim, I Kakoma
Veterinary Parasitology.2003; 113(3-4): 217. CrossRef
Persistent infection with Strongyloides venezuelensis in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)
Byeong-Kirl Baek, In-Soo Whang, M. Khyrul Islam, Byeong-Soo Kim, Ibulaimu Kakoma
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2002; 40(4): 181. CrossRef
Partial cross-resistance between Strongyloides venezuelensis and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in rats
Byeong-Kirl Baek, M. Khyrul Islam, Jin-Ho Kim, John-Wha Lee, Jin Hur
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.1999; 37(2): 101. CrossRef