Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

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Brief Communication

Clinical Usefulness of LabChip Real-time PCR using Lab-On-a-Chip Technology for Diagnosing Malaria: Jeeyong Kim, Da Hye Lim, Do-CiC Mihn, Jeonghun Nam, Woong Sik Jang, Chae Seung Lim; Korean J Parasitol 2021;59(1):77-82.
Published online February 19, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.1.77

Abstract
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As malaria remains a major health problem worldwide, various diagnostic tests have been developed, including microscopy-based and rapid diagnostic tests. LabChip real-time PCR (LRP) is a small and portable device used to diagnose malaria using lab-on-a-chip technology. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of LRP for detecting malaria parasites. Two hundred thirteen patients and 150 healthy individuals were enrolled from May 2009 to October 2015. A diagnostic detectability of LRP for malaria parasites was compared to that of conventional RT-PCR. Sensitivity of LRP for Plasmodium vivax, P. falciparum, P. malariae, and P. ovale was 95.5%, 96.0%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Specificity of LRP for P. vivax, P. falciparum, P. malariae, and P. ovale was 100%, 99.3%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Cohen’s Kappa coefficients between LRP and CFX96 for detecting P. vivax, P. falciparum, P. malariae, and P. ovale were 0.96, 0.98, 1.00, and 1.00, respectively. Significant difference was not observed between the results of LRP and conventional RT-PCR and microscopic examination. A time required to amplify DNAs using LRP and conventional RT-PCR was 27 min and 86 min, respectively. LRP amplified DNAs 2 times more fast than conventional RT-PCR due to the faster heat transfer. Therefore, LRP could be employed as a useful tool for detecting malaria parasites in clinical laboratories.

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Current Trends in Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Malaria: A Review
Rohitas Deshmukh, Bhuvaneshwari Dewangan, Ranjit K. Harwansh, Rutvi Agrawal, Akash Garg, Himansu Chopra
Current Drug Delivery.2025; 22(3): 310. CrossRef
Parasitic protozoa: Biosystematics, identification, pathogenicity, causes and remedial measures
Gourav Mishra, Razia Kausar, Tushar Yadav
Microbial Pathogenesis.2025; 207: 107867. CrossRef
Internet-enabled lab-on-a-chip technology for education
Tyler Sano, Mohammad Julker Neyen Sampad, Jesus Gonzalez-Ferrer, Sebastian Hernandez, Samira Vera-Choqqueccota, Paola A. Vargas, Roberto Urcuyo, Natalia Montellano Duran, Mircea Teodorescu, David Haussler, Holger Schmidt, Mohammed A. Mostajo-Radji
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Advances in Malaria Diagnostic Methods in Resource-Limited Settings: A Systematic Review
Akua K. Yalley, Joyous Ocran, Jacob E. Cobbinah, Evangeline Obodai, Isaac K. Yankson, Anna A. Kafintu-Kwashie, Gloria Amegatcher, Isaac Anim-Baidoo, Nicholas I. Nii-Trebi, Diana A. Prah
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2024; 9(9): 190. CrossRef
Review of the Current Landscape of the Potential of Nanotechnology for Future Malaria Diagnosis, Treatment, and Vaccination Strategies
Arnau Guasch-Girbau, Xavier Fernàndez-Busquets
Pharmaceutics.2021; 13(12): 2189. CrossRef

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Original Article

Changes in Protein Phosphorylation during Salivary Gland Degeneration in Haemaphysalis longicornis: Qi Xiao, Yuhong Hu, Xiaohong Yang, Jianna Tang, Xiaoshuang Wang, Xiaomin Xue, Mengxue Li, Minjing Wang, Yinan Zhao, Jingze Liu, Hui Wang; Korean J Parasitol 2020;58(2):161-171.
Published online April 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.2.161

Abstract
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The ticks feed large amount of blood from their hosts and transmit pathogens to the victims. The salivary gland plays an important role in the blood feeding. When the female ticks are near engorgement, the salivary gland gradually loses its functions and begins to rapidly degenerate. In this study, data-independent acquisition quantitative proteomics was used to study changes in the phosphorylation modification of proteins during salivary gland degeneration in Haemaphysalis longicornis. In this quantitative study, 400 phosphorylated proteins and 850 phosphorylation modification sites were identified. Trough RNA interference experiments, we found that among the proteins with changes in phosphorylation, apoptosis-promoting Hippo protein played a role in salivary gland degeneration.

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Transcriptome reveals the roles and potential mechanisms of CeRNA in the regulation of salivary gland development in the tick Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides
Shanming Hu, Songqin Chen, Haotian Zhu, Yanan Wang, Yongzhi Zhou, Jie Cao, Houshuang Zhang, Jinlin Zhou
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Quantitative proteomic analysis of salivary glands in female Ornithodoros lahorensis (syn. Alveonasus lahorensis) after blood feeding via DIA-coupled LC-MS/MS
Xiangfen Yuan, Xiaolin Xu, Huiyu Wang, Hongli Jing, Songyin Qiu, Yufang Kong, Yue Zhang, Jizhou Lv, Xun Suo, Shaoqiang Wu
Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases.2025; 16(6): 102575. CrossRef
Protein regulation mechanism of cold tolerance in Haemaphysalis longicornis
Ningmei Wang, Aimeng Ji, Abolfazl Masoudi, Shuang Li, Yuhong Hu, Yefei Zhang, Zhijun Yu, Han Wang, Hui Wang, Jingze Liu
Insect Science.2023; 30(3): 725. CrossRef
Effect of chlorpyrifos on the expression and regulation of salivary gland protein of Haemaphysalis longicornis
Xiaomin Xue, Ningmei Wang, Jingyi Ma, Aimeng Ji, Han Wang, Mengxue Li, Xiaohan Di, Jingze Liu, Hui Wang
International Journal of Acarology.2023; 49(2): 154. CrossRef
Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Haemaphysalis longicornis Saliva Reveals the Influential Contributions of Phosphoproteins to Blood-Feeding Success
Desmond O. Agwunobi, Ningmei Wang, Lei Huang, Yefei Zhang, Guomin Chang, Kuang Wang, Mengxue Li, Hui Wang, Jingze Liu
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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Brief Communication

Differential Change in the Prevalence of the Ascaris, Trichuris and Clonorchis infection Among Past East Asian Populations: Xiaoya Zhan, Hui-Yuan Yeh, Dong Hoon Shin, Jong-Yil Chai, Min Seo, Piers D. Mitchell; Korean J Parasitol 2019;57(6):601-605.
Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.6.601

Abstract
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As we learn more about parasites in ancient civilizations, data becomes available that can be used to see how infection may change over time. The aim of this study is to assess how common certain intestinal parasites were in China and Korea in the past 2000 years, and make comparisons with prevalence data from the 20th century. This allows us to go on to investigate how and why changes in parasite prevalence may have occurred at different times. Here we show that Chinese liver fluke (Clonorchis sinensis) dropped markedly in prevalence in both Korea and China earlier than did roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides) and whipworm (Trichuris trichiura). We use historical evidence to determine why this was the case, exploring the role of developing sanitation infrastructure, changing use of human feces as crop fertilizer, development of chemical fertilizers, snail control programs, changing dietary preferences, and governmental public health campaigns during the 20th century.

Citations

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Ancient parasite analysis: Exploring infectious diseases in past societies
Piers D. Mitchell
Journal of Archaeological Science.2024; 170: 106067. CrossRef
Updates on parasite infection prevalence in the Joseon period based on parasitological studies of human coprolites isolated from archaeological sites in the cities of Euijeongbu, Gumi, and Wonju
Chang Seok Oh, Jong-Yil Chai, Sori Min, Kyong Taek Oh, Jeonghwan Seol, Mi Kyung Song, Dong Hoon Shin, Min Seo
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases.2023; 61(1): 89. CrossRef
Liver Fluke Infection Throughout Human Evolution
Tianyi Wang, Piers D. Mitchell
Gastro Hep Advances.2022; 1(4): 500. CrossRef
Current status of Clonorchis sinensis and clonorchiasis in Korea: epidemiological perspectives integrating the data from human and intermediate hosts
Won Gi Yoo, Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na
Parasitology.2022; 149(10): 1296. CrossRef
The what, how and why of archaeological coprolite analysis
Lisa-Marie Shillito, John C. Blong, Eleanor J. Green, Eline N. van Asperen
Earth-Science Reviews.2020; 207: 103196. CrossRef

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Case Report

Unusual Location of Hydatid Cysts: Report of Two Cases in the Heart and Hip Joint of Romanian Patients: Simona Gurzu, Marius Alexandru Beleaua, Emeric Egyed-Zsigmond, Ioan Jung; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(4):429-431.
Published online August 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.4.429

Abstract
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Hydatid cyst is usually located in the liver and lungs, rare cases showing localization in other organs or tissues. In the unusual location, echinococcosis is an excluding diagnosis that is established only after microscopic evaluation. Our first case occurred in a 67-year-old female previously diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and hospitalized with persistent pain in the hip joint. The clinical diagnosis was tuberculosis of the joint, but the presence of the specific acellular membrane indicated a hydatid cyst of the synovial membrane, without bone involvement. Fewer than 25 cases of joint hydatidosis have been reported in literature to date. In the second case, the intramural hydatid cyst was incidentally discovered at autopsy, in the left heart ventricle of a 52-year-old male hospitalized for a fatal brain hemorrhage, as a result of rupture of an anterior communicating artery aneurysm. The conclusion of our paper is that echinococcosis should be taken into account for the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions, independently from their location.

Citations

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Unusual primary hydatid cysts of the body without liver and lung involvement
Yener Aydin, Ali Bilal Ulas, Suat Eren, Gurkan Ozturk, Kamber Kasali, Yilmaz Aksoy, Mehmet Kursat Karadag, Eyup Senocak, Abdurrahim Colak
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Cardiac cystic echinococcosis—A systematic review and analysis of the literature
Simone Bumann, Esther Kuenzli, Raffaella Lissandrin, Enrico Brunetti, Sam Goblirsch, Lars Henning, Francesca Tamarozzi, Andreas Neumayr, Adriano Casulli
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2024; 18(5): e0012183. CrossRef
Cardiac hydatid disease with palpitations as the only presenting complaint: the egg in the nest
Ali Azari, Leila Bigdelu, Ossama Maadarani, Zouheir Bitar
European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Renal hydatid cyst mimicked cystic renal cell carcinoma: A case report
Xiyi Wei, Jinyong Tian, Jianyu Diao, Gulinuer Aibibula, Maimaitijiang Dawuti, Yiliyasi Tuerxun, Mhtaer Wubuli, Yujie Zhang, Ninghong Song, Jie Yang
Precision Medical Sciences.2022; 11(1): 35. CrossRef
Cardiac hydatid cysts in a young man: A case report and a literature review
Mircea Bajdechi, Dalia Manolache, Adrian Tudor, Mihnea Orghidan, Adriana Gurghean
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Cystic echinococcosis: a 10-year experience from a middle-income country
Ayesha Butt, Javaid Ahmed Khan
Tropical Doctor.2020; 50(2): 117. CrossRef
Uncommon Locations of Cystic Echinococcosis: A Report of 46 Cases from Southern Iran
Reza Shahriarirad, Amirhossein Erfani, Mehrdad Eskandarisani, Mohammad Rastegarian, Bahador Sarkari
Surgery Research and Practice.2020; 2020: 1. CrossRef
Alveolar echinococcosis in the head of pancreas
Rong-Xing Zhou, Hai-Jie Hu, Wen-Jie Ma, Yong Jiang, Fu-Yu Li
Medicine.2018; 97(11): e0072. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Morphological Characteristics and Phylogenetic Trends of Trematode Cercariae in Freshwater Snails from Nakhon Nayok Province, Thailand: Thapana Chontananarth, Thanawan Tejangkura, Napat Wetchasart, Cherdchay Chimburut; Korean J Parasitol 2017;55(1):47-54.
Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.1.47

Abstract
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The prevalence of cercarial infection in freshwater snails and their evolutionary trends were studied in Nakhon Nayok province, Thailand. A total of 2,869 individual snails were examined for parasitic infections. The results showed that 12 snail species were found to host larval stages of trematodes with an overall prevalence of 4.7%. The infected specimens included 7 types at the cercarial stage; cercariae, megalurous cercariae, echinostome cercariae, furcocercous cercariae, parapleurolophocercous cercariae, virgulate cercariae, and xiphidiocercariae. Regarding molecular identification, ITS2 sequence data of each larval trematode were analyzed, and a dendrogram was constructed using the neighbor-joining method with 10,000 replicates. The dendrogram was separated into 6 clades (order/family), including Echinostomatida/Echinostomatidae, Echinostomatida/Philophthalmidae, Opisthorchiida/Heterophyidae, Plagiorchiida/Prosthogonimidae, Plagiorchiida/Lecithodendriidae, and Strigeatida/Cyathocotylidae. These findings were used to confirm morphological characteristics and evolutionary trends of each type of cercariae discovered in Nakhon Nayok province. Furthermore, this investigation confirmed that the ITS2 data of cercariae could be used to study on phylogenetic relationships or to determine classification of this species at order and/or family level when possible.

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Ultrastructural and phylogenetic characterization of some trematode cercariae emerging from the freshwater ampullariid snail, Lanistes carinatus (Olivier, 1804)
Mohammed E. El-Zeiny, Ahmed M. Ghoneim, Ola A. Abu Samak, Abdel Aziz A. Khidr
Parasitology International.2025; 109: 103113. CrossRef
Seasonal dynamics and molecular phylogenetic studies on cercariae in Central Zone of Kashmir valley
Zahoor Ahmad Wani, Rafiq A. Shahardar, Kamal H. Bulbul, Idrees M. Allaie, Showkat A. Shah, Shabir A. Rather, Aiman Ashraf, Shahana Tramboo, Asif H. Khan, Shawky M Aboelhadid
PLOS One.2025; 20(7): e0325160. CrossRef
Isolation and molecular identification of liver fluke cercariae in freshwater snails of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran
Bijan Hosseinpour Aghaei, Nadia Taiefi Nasrabadi, Yaser Pirali Kheirabadi, Seyed Shapoor Reza Shojaei
Molluscan Research.2024; 44(1): 84. CrossRef
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Na Li, Bin Hou, Wurilige Tian, Siyao Li, Buhe Buyin, Ying Hai, Surong Hasi
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife.2024; 23: 100896. CrossRef
Population genetic structure of Indoplanorbis exustus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in Thailand and its infection with trematode cercariae
Abdulhakam Dumidae, Chanakan Subkrasae, Jiranun Ardpairin, Supawan Pansri, Raxsina Polseela, Aunchalee Thanwisai, Apichat Vitta, Marcello Otake Sato
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(1): e0297761. CrossRef
Zoonotic human liver flukes, a type 1 biocarcinogen, in freshwater fishes: genetic analysis and confirmation of molluscan vectors and reservoir hosts in Bangladesh
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Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Infection status and species diversity of trematode cercariae in freshwater snails from canal networks in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand
Phuphitchan Rachprakhon, Watchariya Purivirojkul
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Caitlin R. Babbitt, Martina R. Laidemitt, Martin W. Mutuku, Polycup O. Oraro, Sara V. Brant, Gerald M. Mkoji, Eric S. Loker, Brianna R. Beechler
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Omima Ramadan Abdel‑Fatah, Waleed M. Arafa, Ahmed Anwar Wahba, Khaled Mohamed El‑Dakhly
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Chadaporn Dunghungzin, Thapana Chontananarth
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Phuong Thi Xuan Nguyen, Hien Van Hoang, Huyen Thi Khanh Dinh, Pierre Dorny, Bertrand Losson, Dung Thi Bui, Laetitia Lempereur
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Pham Ngoc Doanh, Hoang Van Hien, Bui Thi Dung
Folia Parasitologica.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
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Invertebrate Neuroscience.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Freshwater Snail Diversity in Mae Lao Agricultural Basin (Chiang Rai, Thailand) with a Focus on Larval Trematode Infections
Kittichai Chantima, Krittawit Suk-ueng, Mintra Kampan
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The rapid detection method by polymerase chain reaction for minute intestinal trematodes: Haplorchis taichui in intermediate snail hosts based on 18s ribosomal DNA
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Biological Parameters of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) Fed on Rabbits, Sheep, and Cattle: Miling Ma, Ze Chen, Aihong Liu, Qiaoyun Ren, Junlong Liu, Zhijie Liu, Youquan Li, Hong Yin, Guiquan Guan, Jianxun Luo; Korean J Parasitol 2016;54(3):301-305.
Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.3.301

Abstract
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In order to determine the effect of various hosts on feeding performance of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, we used 3 mammalian species as hosts, cattle (Qinchuan), sheep (T an), and rabbits (Japanese white rabbit) for infest-ing ticks. Five hundreds of R. microplus larvae were exposed to each animal (3 animals/host species). Tick recoveries were 11.0%, 0.47%, and 5.5% from cattle, sheep, and rabbits, respectively. The averages of tick feeding periods were not significantly different on cattle, sheep, and rabbits, 28.8, 25.3, and 26.7 days, respectively. The average weights of individual engorged female from cattle, sheep, and rabbits were 312.5, 219.1, and 130.2 mg, respectively and those of egg mass weights each to 85.0, 96.6, and 17.8 mg. The highest egg hatching rate was in the ticks from cattle (96.0%), fol-lowed by those from rabbits (83.0%) and sheep (19.2%). These data suggest that rabbits could be as an alternative host to cultivate R. microplus for evaluating vaccines and chemical and biological medicines against the tick in the laboratory, although the biological parameters of ticks were less than those from cattle.

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Variation in the hatching rate of larvae of four tick species from laboratory colonies
Ygor Henrique da Silva, Marisa Beatriz da Silva Rocha, Ester Oliozi Marré, Manuela Pimentel da Motta, Brena Gava Guimarães, Thais Ribeiro Correia Azevedo, Guilherme Marcondes Klafke, Barbara Rauta de Avelar, Diefrey Ribeiro Campos, Fabio Barbour Scott
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Bruno Moraes, Helga Gomes, Luiz Saramago, Valdir Braz, Luís Fernando Parizi, Gloria Braz, Itabajara da Silva Vaz, Carlos Logullo, Jorge Moraes
Parasitology.2024; 151(9): 983. CrossRef
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Kanchana Thinnabut, Rutchanee Rodpai, Oranuch Sanpool, Wanchai Maleewong, Ubon Tangkawanit
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2023; 107: 105394. CrossRef
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Milagros Vargas-Hernandez, Carlos Montero-Espinosa, Dunia Sánchez-Villaurrutia, Carlos Antonio Duarte, Gervasio Henrique Bechara, Alier Fuentes-Castillo, Julio Ancisar, José Suárez-Alba, Omar Mosqueda-Lobaina, Marisela Suárez-Pedroso
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Justin Long, Keiran Maskell, Regine Gries, Saif Nayani, Claire Gooding, Gerhard Gries
Royal Society Open Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Arlex Rodríguez-Durán, Shafi Ullah, Luís Fernando Parizi, Abid Ali, Itabajara da Silva Vaz Junior
Pathogens.2023; 12(9): 1117. CrossRef
Molecular detection of Rickettsia amblyommatis and Rickettsia parkeri in ticks collected from wild pigs in Campeche, Mexico
Andrés M. López-Pérez, Sokani Sánchez-Montes, Brenda Aline Maya-Badillo, Guillermo Orta-Pineda, Saúl Reveles-Félix, Ingeborg Becker, Karla Bárcenas-Barreto, Adán Torres-Monroy, Rafael Ojeda-Flores, José Iván Sánchez-Betancourt
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Identification of Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma spp., and an Ehrlichia canis-like agent in Rhipicephalus microplus from Southwest and South-Central China
Miao Lu, Junhua Tian, Xingliang Pan, Xincheng Qin, Wen Wang, Jintao Chen, Wenping Guo, Kun Li
Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases.2022; 13(2): 101884. CrossRef
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First digital characterization of the transhumance corridors through Benin used by cattle herds from Burkina Faso and associated risk scoring regarding the invasion of Rhipicephalus ( Boophilus
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Case Reports

Trichuris vulpis (Froelich, 1789) Infection in a Child: A Case Report: Adrian M?rquez-Navarro, Gudelio Garc?a-Bracamontes, Blanca E. ?lvarez-Fern?ndez, Luz P. ?vila-Caballero, Isabel Santos-Aranda, Dylan L. D?az-Chiguer, Rosa M. S?nchez-Manzano, Elvia Rodr?guez-Bataz, Benjam?n Nogueda-Torres; Korean J Parasitol 2012;50(1):69-71.
Published online March 6, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2012.50.1.69

Abstract
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We present a human infection with the canine whipworm, Trichuris vulpis, in a child suffering from rhinitis with a diagnosis of rhinitis. T. vulpis eggs resemble those of T. trichiura but they can be differentiated based on their morphological features and egg size, using micrometry with an ocular micrometer. T. vulpis eggs measured an average of 90 ?m by 44 ?m (range 86-99 ?m by 38-47 ?m). Prevalence of hookworms (28.1%), Toxocara canis (11.8%), and Trichuris vulpis (3.5%) was found in 292 fecal samples of dogs collected at the peri-domicile, which showed that the risk of infection was not only fortuitous. The treatment of canine whipworm infections is similar to that of T. trichiura infection. We recommend differentiation of the 2 species for their epidemiological and prevention implications.

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Severe Tick Infestation in a Hare and Potential Risk for Transmitting Pathogens to Humans: Weiqing Zheng, Haiying Chen, Xiaoqing Liu, Xuejian Guo, Renlong Fu; Korean J Parasitol 2011;49(4):419-422.
Published online December 16, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.4.419

Abstract
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Severe tick infestation was found in a hare in a suburban area of Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China. We sampled ticks and identified them based on their morphologic characteristics. Three species, Ixodes sinensis, which is commonly found in China and can experimentally transmit Borrelia burgdorferi, Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides, and Haemaphysalis longicornis which can transmit Lyme disease were detected with an optical microscope and a stereomicroscope. Risk of spreading ticks from suburban to urban areas exists due to human transportation and travel between the infested and non-infested areas around Nanchang.

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Original Article

Molecular Markers for Identification of Stellantchasmus falcatus and a Phylogenic Study using the HAT-RAPD Method: Chalobol Wongsawad, Pheravut Wongsawad; Korean J Parasitol 2010;48(4):303-307.
Published online December 16, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2010.48.4.303

Abstract
PDF

Stellantchasmus falcatus is a minute intestinal fluke in the family Heterophyidae. Metacercariae, the infective stage, were reported in a marine fish, mullet Liza subviridis, and a fresh water fish, Dermogenus pusillus, in Thailand. Adults were found in chicks, rats, cats, and humans. Morphological studies were done for comparing Stellantchasmus sp. worms found in 2 different fish hosts; their shapes and organ arrangements were very similar except for the prepharynx length. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare their DNA fingerprints using the HAT-RAPD method for both types of Stellantchasmus and several other related species. Ten arbitrarily selected primers (OPA-04, OPA-09, OPN-02, OPN-03, OPN-09, OPN-12, OPP-11, OPR-15, OPX-13, and OPAD-01) were used. It was found that OPA-09, OPN-03, and OPAD-01 were able to generate S. falcatus specific fragments in mullets which consisted of 200, 760, and 280 bp, respectively. In addition, the results of morphologic, DNA fingerprinting, and phylogenetic analyses strongly suggest that the fresh water and marine specimens of Stellantchamus may be different species.

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Chalobol Wongsawad, Nattawadee Nantarat, Pheravut Wongsawad, Preeyaporn Butboonchoo, Jong-Yil Chai
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A new genetic analysis of Ficus spp. By HAT-Random amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique
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Brief Communication

Prevalence of ixodid ticks on cattle in Mazandaran province, Iran: Gholam Reza Razmi, Meisam Glinsharifodini, Shaboddin Sarvi; Korean J Parasitol 2007;45(4):307-310.
Published online December 20, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.4.307

Abstract
PDF

A survey was carried out to investigate the prevalence of hard tick species (Acari: Ixodidae) on cattle in Mazandaran province, Iran. A total of 953 ticks were collected from 86 infested cattle during activating seasons of ticks during 2004-2005. Nine species were identified: Boophilus annulatus (51.3%), Rhipicephalus bursa (16.8%), Haemaphysalis punctata (6.3%), Ixodes ricinus (6.8%), Hyalomma marginatum (12.5%), Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (5.2%), Hyalomma asiaticum (0.6%), Hyalomma detritum (0.2 %), and Dermacentor spp. (0.1%). The results show that Boophilus annulatus, Rhipicephalus bursa, and Hyalomma species are dominant tick species in the surveyed area.

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Hard Tick Species Parasitism Levels in Domestic Ruminants with Their Distribution and Role as Vectors: A Detailed Global Meta-analysis and Systematic Review
Hassan Nasirian
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Seasonal abundance of Hyalomma anatolicum tick infesting cattle of coastal Odisha, India
M. Dehuri, M. R. Panda, B. N. Mohanty, N. Sahoo, P C Behera, A. K. Kundu, S. K. Panda
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science.2024; 44(3): 1499. CrossRef
Borrelia theileri infections in Rhipicephalus annulatus ticks from the north of Iran
Mahnaz Milani, Saied Reza Naddaf, Seyyed Payman Ziapour, Abbas Akhavan Sepahi, Mahdi Rohani
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Monitoring of hard tick parasitism in domestic ruminants: A scale evidence for policymakers
Hassan Nasirian
Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports.2023; 41: 100878. CrossRef
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Hassan Nasirian
Journal of Parasitic Diseases.2022; 46(2): 526. CrossRef
Prevalence and Distribution of Hard Ticks and Their Associated Risk Factors in Sheep and Goats from Four Agro-Climatic Zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan
Zubaria Iqbal, Amjad Rashid Kayani, Ali Akhter, Mazhar Qayyum
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(18): 11759. CrossRef
Infection of hard ticks in the Caspian Sea littoral of Iran with Lyme borreliosis and relapsing fever borreliae
Saied Reza Naddaf, Ahmad Mahmoudi, Ahmad Ghasemi, Mahdi Rohani, Ali Mohammadi, Seyyed Payman Ziapour, Amir Hesam Nemati, Ehsan Mostafavi
Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases.2020; 11(6): 101500. CrossRef
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R. Balasubramanian, Pragya D. Yadav, S. Sahina, V. Arathy Nadh
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Afyonkarahisar Yöresindeki Koyun, Keçi ve Sığırlarda Kene (Ixodoidea) İnfestasyonu Üzerine Araştırmalar
mustafa eser, Hatice ÇİÇEK
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Seyyed Payman Ziapour, Sadegh Kheiri, Mahmoud Fazeli-Dinan, Farzaneh Sahraei-Rostami, Reza Ali Mohammadpour, Mohsen Aarabi, Seyed Hassan Nikookar, Mohammad Sarafrazi, Fatemeh Asgarian, Ahmadali Enayati, Janet Hemingway
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Mohammad Mirzaei, Hosein Khovand, Baharak Akhtardanesh
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Distribution of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting domestic ruminants in mountainous areas of Golestan province, Iran
Moslem Sarani, Zakkyeh Telmadarraiy, Abdolreza Salahi Moghaddam, Kamal Azam, Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat
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Ahmad Jafarbekloo, Hassan Vatandoost, Alireza Davari, Faezeh Faghihi, Hasan Bakhshi, Maryam Roya Ramzgouyan, Mohammad Nasrabadi, Zakkyeh Telmadarraiy
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Ehsan Mostafavi, Sadegh Chinikar, Saber Esmaeili, Fahimeh Bagheri Amiri, Amir Mohammad Ali Tabrizi, Sahar KhakiFirouz
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases.2012; 12(9): 739. CrossRef
First survey of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on cattle, sheep and goats in Boeen Zahra and Takistan counties, Iran
Masoomeh Shemshad, Khadijeh Shemshad, Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat, Majid Shokri, Alireza Barmaki, Mojgan Baniardalani, Javad Rafinejad
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine.2012; 2(6): 489. CrossRef
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Mohammad Yakhchali, Kia Bahramnejad, Omid Almasi
International Journal of Acarology.2012; 38(4): 353. CrossRef
Identification of different Theileria species (Theileria lestoquardi, Theileria ovis, and Theileria annulata) in naturally infected sheep using nested PCR–RFLP
Mahdieh Zaeemi, Hamidreza Haddadzadeh, Parvaneh Khazraiinia, Bahram Kazemi, M. Bandehpour
Parasitology Research.2011; 108(4): 837. CrossRef
Survey of tick species parasiting domestic ruminants in Ghaemshahr county, Mazandaran province, Iran
Hosseini Vasoukolaei Nasibeh, Telmadarraiy Zakkyeh, Vatandoost Hassan, Yaghoobi Ershadi Mohammad Reza, Hosseini Vasoukolaei Morteza, Oshaghi Mohammad Ali
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine.2010; 3(10): 804. CrossRef

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Original Article

Divergent long-terminal-repeat retrotransposon families in the genome of Paragonimus westermani: Young-An Bae, Yoon Kong; Korean J Parasitol 2003;41(4):221-231.
Published online December 20, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2003.41.4.221

Abstract
PDF

To gain information on retrotransposons in the genome of Paragonimus westermani, PCR was carried out with degenerate primers, specific to protease and reverse transcriptase (rt) genes of long-terminal-repeat (LTR) retrotransposons. The PCR products were cloned and sequenced, after which 12 different retrotransposon-related sequences were isolated from the trematode genome. These showed various degrees of identity to the polyprotein of divergent retrotransposon families. A phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that these sequences could be classified into three different families of LTR retrotransposons, namely, Xena, Bel, and Gypsy families. Of these, two mRNA transcripts were detected by reverse transcriptase-PCR, showing that these two elements preserved their mobile activities. The genomic distributions of these two sequences were found to be highly repetitive. These results suggest that there are diverse retrotransposons including the ancient Xena family in the genome of P. westermani, which may have been involved in the evolution of the host genome.

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Gene diversity and genetic variation in lung flukes (genusParagonimus)
David Blair, Yukifumi Nawa, Makedonka Mitreva, Pham Ngoc Doanh
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.2016; 110(1): 6. CrossRef
Transfection of Platyhelminthes
Bárbara Moguel, Raúl J. Bobes, Julio C. Carrero, Juan P. Laclette
BioMed Research International.2015; 2015: 1. CrossRef
Transient transgenesis of the tapeworm Taenia crassiceps
Bárbara Moguel, Norma Moreno-Mendoza, Raúl J. Bobes, Julio C. Carrero, Jesús Chimal-Monroy, Martha E. Díaz-Hernández, Luis Herrera-Estrella, Juan P. Laclette
SpringerPlus.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Review Article: ISTR, a Retrotransposons-Based Marker to Assess Plant Genome Variability with Special Emphasis in the Genera <i>Zea</i> and <i>Agave</i>
Martha Isabel Torres-Morán, Norma Almaraz-Abarca, Martha Escoto-Delgadillo
American Journal of Plant Sciences.2012; 03(12): 1820. CrossRef
PwRn1, a novel Ty3/gypsy-like retrotransposon of Paragonimus westermani: molecular characters and its differentially preserved mobile potential according to host chromosomal polyploidy
Young-An Bae, Jong-Sook Ahn, Seon-Hee Kim, Mun-Gan Rhyu, Yoon Kong, Seung-Yull Cho
BMC Genomics.2008;[Epub] CrossRef
Both sense and antisense strands of the LTR of the Schistosoma mansoni Pao-like retrotransposon Sinbad drive luciferase expression
Claudia S. Copeland, Victoria H. Mann, Paul J. Brindley
Molecular Genetics and Genomics.2007; 277(2): 161. CrossRef

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Mini Review

Phylogeny, host-parasite relationship and zoogeography: Hideo Hasegawa; Korean J Parasitol 1999;37(4):197-213.
Published online December 31, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1999.37.4.197

Abstract
PDF

Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a group or the lineage of organisms and is reconstructed based on morphological, molecular and other characteristics. The genealogical relationship of a group of taxa is often expressed as a phylogenetic tree. The difficulty in categorizing the phylogeny is mainly due to the existence of frequent homoplasies that deceive observers. At the present time, cladistic analysis is believed to be one of the most effective methods of reconstructing a phylogenetic tree. Excellent computer program software for phylogenetic analysis is available. As an example, cladistic analysis was applied for nematode genera of the family Acuariidae, and the phylogenetic tree formed was compared with the system used currently. Nematodes in the genera Nippostrongylus and Heligmonoides were also analyzed, and the validity of the reconstructed phylogenetic trees was observed from a zoogeographical point of view. Some of the theories of parasite evolution were briefly reviewed as well. Coevolution of parasites and humans was discussed with special reference to the evolutionary relationship between Enterobius and primates.

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Molecular detection and phylogeny of Hepatozoon ophisauri and Toxoplasma gondii in wild lizards from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Sidra Ghafar, Asmat Ullah Khan, Mustansar Khalid, Sami Ul Haq, Saeed Ullah, Umaima Basit, Hira Muqaddas, Ibrahim Abbas Mohammed, Ayat Ammar Mahdi, Adil Khan, Mourad Ben Said, Furhan Iqbal
Folia Microbiologica.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A 28S rDNA‐based phylogeny of the nematode family Acuariidae (Spirurida) parasitic in vertebrates
Yasen Mutafchiev, Boyko B. Georgiev, Jean Mariaux
Zoologica Scripta.2020; 49(5): 641. CrossRef
Phylogenetic relationships between pinworms (Nematoda: Enterobiinae) parasitising the critically endangered orang-utan, according to the characterisation of molecular genomic and mitochondrial markers
Ivona Foitová, Kristína Civáňová, Vlastimil Baruš, Wisnu Nurcahyo
Parasitology Research.2014; 113(7): 2455. CrossRef
Redescription and resurrection of Bertiella satyri (Cestoda, Anoplocephalidae) parasitizing the orangutan (Pongo abelii) in Indonesia
Ivona Foitová, Šárka Mašová, František Tenora, Božena Koubková, Iveta Hodová, Martina Vyskočilová, Vlastimil Baruš, Wisnu Nurcahyo
Parasitology Research.2011; 109(3): 689. CrossRef

13,630 View
102 Download
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Original Article

Phylogenetic relationships among Acanthamoeba spp. based on PCR-RFLP analyses of mitochondrial small subunit rRNA gene: Hak-Sun Yu, Mee-Yul Hwang, Tae-Ook Kim, Ho-Cheol Yun, Tae-Ho Kim, Hyun-Hee Kong, Dong-Il Chung; Korean J Parasitol 1999;37(3):181-188.
Published online September 30, 1999; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.1999.37.3.181

Abstract
PDF

We investigated the value of mitochondrial small subunit rRNA gene (mt SSU rDNA) PCR-RFLP as a taxonomic tool for Acanthamoeba isolates with close interrelationships. Twenty-five isolates representing 20 species were included in the analysis. As in nuclear 18S rDNA analysis, two type strains (A. astronyxis and A. tubiashi) of morphological group 1 diverged earliest from the other strains, but the divergence between them was less than in 18S riboprinting. Acanthamoeba griffini of morphological group 2 branched between pathogenic (A. culbertsoni A-1 and A. healyi OC-3A) and nonpathogenic (A. palestinensis Reich, A. pustulosa GE-3a, A. royreba Oak Ridge, and A lenticulata PD2S) strains of morphological group 3. Among the remaining isolates of morphological group 2, the Chang strain had the identical mitochondrial riboprints as the type strain of A. hatchetti. AA2 and AA1, the type strains of A. divionensis and A. paradivionensis, respectively, had the identical riboprints as A. quina Vil3 and A. castellanii Ma. Although the branching orders of A. castellanii Neff, A. polyphaga P23, A. triangularis SH621, and A. lugdunensis L3a were different from those in 18S riboprinting analysis, the results obtained from this study generally coincided well with those from 18S riboprinting. Mitochondrial riboprinting may have an advantage over nuclear 18S rDNA riboprinting because the mt SSU rDNAs do not seem to have introns that are found in the 18S genes of Acanthamoeba and that distort phylogenetic analyses.

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