Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is a natural product commonly used in food preservation and pharmaceutical applications. Toxoplasmosis, caused by the protozoan pathogen Toxoplasma gondii, is prevalent globally while the impact of AITC on toxoplasmosis is unclear. We explored the effect of AITC on acute toxoplasmosis. We infected C57BL/6 mice with T. gondii type I RH strain following AITC administration. On the 4th day after infection, which corresponds to the initial stage of infection, we collected serum for the determination of inflammatory cytokine levels. The mice serum of the AITC-administered group contained significantly lower levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-23 subunit p19, IL-4, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. The lifespan of the mice in the AITC-administered group was significantly reduced. In vitro experiments showed that AITC promoted the proliferation of intracellular T. gondii accompanied by the inhibition of IL-4, IL-1β, and IL-6 production in RAW264.7 macrophages. Our results showed that AITC facilitated T. gondii infection in the early stage by inhibiting the production of several inflammatory cytokines.
Clonorchis sinensis is a carcinogenic human liver fluke that promotes hepatic inflammatory environments via direct contact or through their excretory-secretory products (ESPs), subsequently leading to cholangitis, periductal fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and even cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). This study was conducted to examine the host inflammatory responses to C. sinensis ESPs and their putative protein components selected from C. sinensis expressed sequenced tag (EST) pool databases, including TGF-β receptor interacting protein 1(CsTRIP1), legumain (CsLeg), and growth factor binding protein 2 (CsGrb2). Treatment of CCA cells (HuCCT1) with the ESPs or bacterial recombinant C. sinensis proteins differentially promoted the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β1, and TGF-β2) in a time-dependent manner. In particular, recombinant C. sinensis protein treatment resulted in increase (at maximum) of ~7-fold in TGF-β1, ~30-fold in TGF-β2, and ~3-fold in TNF-α compared with the increase produced by ESPs, indicating that CsTrip1, CsLeg, and CsGrb2 function as strong inducers for secretion of these cytokines in host cells. These results suggest that C. sinensis ESPs contribute to the immunopathological response in host cells, leading to clonorchiasis-associated hepatobiliary abnormalities of greater severity.
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Modulation of dendritic cell function by Trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products Min-Ji Song, Jong-Joo Lee, Young Hee Nam, Tae-Gyun Kim, Youn Wook Chung, Mikyoung Kim, Ye-Eun Choi, Myeong Heon Shin, Hyoung-Pyo Kim BMB Reports.2015; 48(2): 103. CrossRef
Involvement of PI3K/AKT and MAPK Pathways for TNF-α Production in SiHa Cervical Mucosal Epithelial Cells Infected with <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i> Jung-Bo Yang, Juan-Hua Quan, Ye-Eun Kim, Yun-Ee Rhee, Byung-Hyun Kang, In-Wook Choi, Guang-Ho Cha, Jae-Min Yuk, Young-Ha Lee The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2015; 53(4): 371. CrossRef
Analysis of the Oxidative Stress Status in Nonspecific Vaginitis and Its Role in Vaginal Epithelial Cells Apoptosis Zhaojie Chen, Zhen Zhang, Haiyan Zhang, Beibei Xie BioMed Research International.2015; 2015: 1. CrossRef
T. vaginalis Infection Is Associated with Increased IL-8 and TNFr1 Levels but with the Absence of CD38 and HLADR Activation in the Cervix of ESN Olamide D. Jarrett, Kirsten E. Brady, Sharada P. Modur, Jill Plants, Alan L. Landay, Mahmood Ghassemi, Elizabeth T. Golub, Greg T. Spear, Richard M. Novak, Clive M. Gray PLOS ONE.2015; 10(6): e0130146. CrossRef
Prostatic Disease Associated withTrichomonas vaginalis Jae-Sook Ryu The Korean Journal of Urogenital Tract Infection and Inflammation.2014; 9(2): 61. CrossRef
Immunity in urogenital protozoa N. Malla, K. Goyal, R. S. Dhanda, M. Yadav Parasite Immunology.2014; 36(9): 400. CrossRef
Differential Regulation of Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression by Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in Macrophages in Response to Intestinal Parasite Infection Mei Xing Lim, Chin Wen Png, Crispina Yan Bing Tay, Joshua Ding Wei Teo, Huipeng Jiao, Norbert Lehming, Kevin Shyong Wei Tan, Yongliang Zhang, J. A. Appleton Infection and Immunity.2014; 82(11): 4789. CrossRef
IL‐22 Levels are Associated with Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in the Lower Genital Tract Hadijat Moradeke Makinde, Reza Zariffard, Paria Mirmonsef, Richard M Novak, Olamide Jarrett, Alan L Landay, Gregory T Spear American Journal of Reproductive Immunology.2013; 70(1): 38. CrossRef
IL-10 release by bovine epithelial cells cultured with Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus Ricardo Chaves Vilela, Marlene Benchimol Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.2013; 108(1): 110. CrossRef
Involvement of purinergic signaling on nitric oxide production by neutrophils stimulated with Trichomonas vaginalis Amanda Piccoli Frasson, Geraldo Attilio De Carli, Carla Denise Bonan, Tiana Tasca Purinergic Signalling.2012; 8(1): 1. CrossRef
Leukotriene B4 receptors BLT1 and BLT2 are involved in interleukin-8 production in human neutrophils induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products Young Hee Nam, Arim Min, Seong Hoon Kim, Young Ah Lee, Kyeong Ah Kim, Kyoung-Ju Song, Myeong Heon Shin Inflammation Research.2012; 61(2): 97. CrossRef
Involvement of mast cells in inflammation induced by Trichomonas vaginalis via crosstalk with vaginal epithelial cells I. H. HAN, S. J. PARK, M. H. AHN, J. S. RYU Parasite Immunology.2012; 34(1): 8. CrossRef
Leukotriene B4 receptor BLT-mediated phosphorylation of NF-κB and CREB is involved in IL-8 production in human mast cells induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-derived secretory products Young Hee Nam, Deulle Min, Hyoung-Pyo Kim, Kyoung-Ju Song, Kyeong Ah Kim, Young Ah Lee, Seong Hoon Kim, Myeong Heon Shin Microbes and Infection.2011; 13(14-15): 1211. CrossRef
NF-κB and CREB Are Involved in IL-8 Production of Human Neutrophils Induced byTrichomonas vaginalis-Derived Secretory Products Young Hee Nam, Deulle Min, Soon-Jung Park, Kyeong Ah Kim, Young Ah Lee, Myeong Heon Shin The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2011; 49(3): 291. CrossRef
Trichomoniasis Jae-Sook Ryu Hanyang Medical Reviews.2010; 30(3): 213. CrossRef
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